| Peer-Reviewed

Assessment of Rn and U Concentrations in the Soil of Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region- Iraq

Received: 18 January 2015     Accepted: 26 January 2015     Published: 2 February 2015
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

The profile of radon (222-Rn) and uranium (238-U) concentrations in15 surface soil samples collected from the three agricultural areas of town Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan which are located at the east of Sulaimani governorate in Kurdistan Region – Iraq has been determined using solid- state nuclear track detector (CR-39), where Qadafery located in the margin of Suren Mountain, also located in the north of the famous plain of the Middle East region called Sharazoor plain and Zarayan located in the west north of the Sharazoor plain, also its surrounds in another direction by Qaradagh and Barznja mountains. They (Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan) have been shown that the maximum and minimum values of radon concentration of the air inside the tube were 2242.263±143.152 Bq/m^3 and 154.099±2.579 Bq/m^3, respectively, with average value 741.709±27.234 Bq/m^3 while the maximum and minimum values of uranium concentration are 18.225±12.905 ppm and 1.253±0.233 pmm, respectively, with average value 6.029±2.455 pmm. It appears that higher concentrations of radon and uranium was in soil sample Qadafery_5 and the minimum value was in soil sample Kalar_4 and by comparison with the world values there are some positions in Qadafery and Zarayan with higher level concentrations that is due to the geology information of these regions.

Published in American Journal of Environmental Protection (Volume 4, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16
Page(s) 40-44
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Soil, SSNTD, CR-39, Radon, Uranium

References
[1] Banman A. et al., Natural Radiation Environment. Willy R. Ltd, New Delhi 1982.
[2] Mansoor H.,” Measurement of indoor radon levels in Arbil by using SSNTD”, Radiation Measurement. Vol.40,pp 544, 2005.
[3] Lubin J.,“ Studies of Radon and Lung Cancer in North America and China” Radiation Protection Dosimetry", Vol.104 (4), pp315, 2003.
[4] Shapiro JB et al., "A preliminary screening technique for selected metals at waste sites", J Radio analytical Nuclear Chemistry, Vol. 192 (2), pp275, 1995.
[5] [Al-Khashman O., "Heavy metal distribution in dust, street dust and soil from the work place in Karak industrial Estate, Jordan", Atmosphere Environment, vol.38, pp6803, 2004.
[6] Etiope, G. and Martinelli, G.," Migration of carrier and trace gases in the Geosphere: an overview", Phys. Earth Planet. In., vol. 129, pp185, 2002.
[7] Annex B., Sources and effects of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effect of Atomic Radiation, UNSCEAR, United Nations, New York, 2000.
[8] Omer N., Electrochemical Etching, Msc. Dissertation, University of Mousl, 1999.
[9] Azam, A. et al.,"Radium Concentration and Radon Exhalation Detectors", Nuclear Geophysics, vol.9 (6), pp653, 1995.
[10] Ahmad M, “Employment SSNTD (CR-39) to Detect Radioactive Pollution of DU in a Particular Region from Salahadeen Governorate” Proceeding in Ist Scientific Conference for College of Science University of Tikrit, Iraq, pp295, 2011.
[11] Barillon R. et al.,“ Comparison of Effectiveness of three Radon Detectors (LR-115, CR-39 and Si. Diode pin) Placed in Cylindrical Device- Theory an Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Track” Radiation Measurement, vol.22 (1-4), pp281, 1993.
[12] Michael F. Annunziata,” Radioactivity Introduction and History”, Ist edition USA, 2007.
[13] Ahmad M., “Employment SSNTD (CR-39) to Detect Radioactive Pollution of DU in a Particular Region from Salahadeen Governorate” Proceeding in Ist Scientific Conference for College of Science University of Tikrit. Iraq, pp295, 2011.
[14] Podgorsak E.B., “Basic Radiation Physic”, Radiation oncology physics, IAEA in Austria, Ch.1, pp1, 2005.
[15] Sroor A. et al.,” Natural Radioactivity and Radon Exhalation rate of Soil in Southern Egypt” Applied Radiation and Isotopes, vol.55, pp873, 2001.
[16] Samuel S.M.,” Introductory Nuclear Physic”, 2nd Edition, University of Toronto, 2004.
[17] T. EL-Zakla et al.” Natural Radioactivity of Some Local Fertilizers”, Rom. J. Physics, vol.52, pp731, 2007.
[18] www.geology-kurdistan.net (2013)
[19] Kamal O. and Rasheed M.,"Natural Radioactivity Measurements of soil and water in Sulaimani Governoraye", Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Sulaimani, 2013.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Kamal O. Abdullah, Salar Z. Muhammed, Adil M. Hussein. (2015). Assessment of Rn and U Concentrations in the Soil of Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region- Iraq. American Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(1), 40-44. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Kamal O. Abdullah; Salar Z. Muhammed; Adil M. Hussein. Assessment of Rn and U Concentrations in the Soil of Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Am. J. Environ. Prot. 2015, 4(1), 40-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Kamal O. Abdullah, Salar Z. Muhammed, Adil M. Hussein. Assessment of Rn and U Concentrations in the Soil of Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region- Iraq. Am J Environ Prot. 2015;4(1):40-44. doi: 10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16,
      author = {Kamal O. Abdullah and Salar Z. Muhammed and Adil M. Hussein},
      title = {Assessment of Rn and U Concentrations in the Soil of Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region- Iraq},
      journal = {American Journal of Environmental Protection},
      volume = {4},
      number = {1},
      pages = {40-44},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajep.20150401.16},
      abstract = {The profile of radon (222-Rn) and uranium (238-U) concentrations in15 surface soil samples collected from the three agricultural areas of town Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan which are located at the east of Sulaimani governorate in Kurdistan Region – Iraq has been determined using solid- state nuclear track detector (CR-39), where Qadafery located in the margin of Suren Mountain, also located in the north of the famous plain of the Middle East region called Sharazoor plain and Zarayan located in the west north of the Sharazoor plain, also its surrounds in another direction by Qaradagh and Barznja mountains. They (Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan) have been shown that the maximum and minimum values of radon concentration of the air inside the tube were 2242.263±143.152 Bq/m^3 and 154.099±2.579 Bq/m^3, respectively, with average value 741.709±27.234 Bq/m^3 while the maximum and minimum values of uranium concentration are 18.225±12.905 ppm and 1.253±0.233 pmm, respectively, with average value 6.029±2.455 pmm. It appears that higher concentrations of radon and uranium was in soil sample Qadafery_5 and the minimum value was in soil sample Kalar_4 and by comparison with the world values there are some positions in Qadafery and Zarayan with higher level concentrations that is due to the geology information of these regions.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Assessment of Rn and U Concentrations in the Soil of Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan Located in Sulaimani Governorate of Kurdistan Region- Iraq
    AU  - Kamal O. Abdullah
    AU  - Salar Z. Muhammed
    AU  - Adil M. Hussein
    Y1  - 2015/02/02
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16
    T2  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JF  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    JO  - American Journal of Environmental Protection
    SP  - 40
    EP  - 44
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2328-5699
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajep.20150401.16
    AB  - The profile of radon (222-Rn) and uranium (238-U) concentrations in15 surface soil samples collected from the three agricultural areas of town Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan which are located at the east of Sulaimani governorate in Kurdistan Region – Iraq has been determined using solid- state nuclear track detector (CR-39), where Qadafery located in the margin of Suren Mountain, also located in the north of the famous plain of the Middle East region called Sharazoor plain and Zarayan located in the west north of the Sharazoor plain, also its surrounds in another direction by Qaradagh and Barznja mountains. They (Qadafery, Kalar and Zarayan) have been shown that the maximum and minimum values of radon concentration of the air inside the tube were 2242.263±143.152 Bq/m^3 and 154.099±2.579 Bq/m^3, respectively, with average value 741.709±27.234 Bq/m^3 while the maximum and minimum values of uranium concentration are 18.225±12.905 ppm and 1.253±0.233 pmm, respectively, with average value 6.029±2.455 pmm. It appears that higher concentrations of radon and uranium was in soil sample Qadafery_5 and the minimum value was in soil sample Kalar_4 and by comparison with the world values there are some positions in Qadafery and Zarayan with higher level concentrations that is due to the geology information of these regions.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Physic Dep., Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq

  • Physic Dep., Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq

  • Physic Dep., Faculty of Science and Science Education, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan region, Iraq

  • Sections