Research Article | | Peer-Reviewed

Mapping Ae. aegypti Bird Bath Habitats for Implementing "Seek and Destroy" Larval Source Management in Hillsborough County, FL. USA

Received: 24 October 2023     Accepted: 11 December 2023     Published: 11 January 2024
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Abstract

Bird baths pose a threat to human life as they are the perfect foci for Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, a mosquito that can spread chikungunya, Zika fever, Rift Valley fever, Mayaro, Yellow fever, and dengue under the right temperature and precipitation conditions. The vector lays its eggs in containers with standing water, which later emerge as blood-feeding adult females that can transmit these viruses. Unfortunately, past entomological models contributed to literature have not been able to predictively map precise geolocations of aquatic larval habitats of Ae. aegypti. This is primarily due to limited remote sensing tools [e.g., acquiring epi-entomologic habitat data using ground-level survey with a Google Map, differentially collected Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracker, etc.]. Thus, many Ae. aegypti habitats may go undetected even in open, canopied, land cover areas. We employed ArcGIS Pro, Python, and R to develop multiple satellite spectral signature models for predicting Ae. aegypti bird bath habitats in Hillsborough County, Florida. We interpolated a georeferenced, county abatement, high-income, residential, bird bath, Red, Green, and Blue [RGB], Sentinel-2, 10-meter resolution, spectral signature in Python. Incorporating other prolific, Ae. aegypti, larval/pupal habitat, seasonal, gridded, zip code, land use/land cover [LULC], stratified, Normalized Difference Vegetation [NDVI], and elevation satellite maps allowed eco-cartographically distinguishing unknown potential super breeder foci backyards [> 3 bird bath larval/pupal habitats] as well as individual aquatic breeding site foci in the intervention, county abatement, study site. Since we knew the aquatic habitat data occurrence abundance and distribution, a priori, eigen-autocorrelation, eigen-spatial filter algorithm attempted to spatially geolocate potentially hyperendemic clustered habitat patterns [i.e., ‘hot spots’] and dispersed habitat patterns [i.e., ‘cold spots’]. We subsequently field-verified the habitat signature entomological habitat model forecasts. The sensitivity and specificity of the ground truth exercises revealed a model approaching 100 percent for identifying aquatic, birdbath, Ae. aegypti, larval habitats. The Moran's Index [I] indicated slight geospatial negative autocorrelation; [Moran's Index: -0.143071, z-score: -1.057957, p-value: 0.290075], hence the breeding site aquatic foci were dispersed. Remote sensing data can be used for constructing LULC, NDVI, elevation and signature models which can be used for implementing "Seek and Destroy" a real-time larval source management [LSM] system for informing individual homeowners and residents using social media for removing standing water in bird baths, twice a week.

Published in American Journal of Entomology (Volume 8, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11
Page(s) 1-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ae. aegypti, Bird Baths, Signature, Python, Seek And Destroy, Hillsborough County, Fl

References
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Cite This Article
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    Ritchie, K. K., Lzurieta, R., Hoare, I., Choudhari, N., Murray, K., et al. (2024). Mapping Ae. aegypti Bird Bath Habitats for Implementing "Seek and Destroy" Larval Source Management in Hillsborough County, FL. USA. American Journal of Entomology, 8(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11

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    Ritchie, K. K.; Lzurieta, R.; Hoare, I.; Choudhari, N.; Murray, K., et al. Mapping Ae. aegypti Bird Bath Habitats for Implementing "Seek and Destroy" Larval Source Management in Hillsborough County, FL. USA. Am. J. Entomol. 2024, 8(1), 1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11

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    AMA Style

    Ritchie KK, Lzurieta R, Hoare I, Choudhari N, Murray K, et al. Mapping Ae. aegypti Bird Bath Habitats for Implementing "Seek and Destroy" Larval Source Management in Hillsborough County, FL. USA. Am J Entomol. 2024;8(1):1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11,
      author = {Kristen Keana Ritchie and Ricardo Lzurieta and Ismael Hoare and Namit Choudhari and Kayleigh Murray and Brooke Yost and David Fiess and Paolo Pecora and Anthony Masys and Jesse Casanova and Benjamin George Jacob},
      title = {Mapping Ae. aegypti Bird Bath Habitats for Implementing "Seek and Destroy" Larval Source Management in Hillsborough County, FL. USA},
      journal = {American Journal of Entomology},
      volume = {8},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aje.20240801.11},
      abstract = {Bird baths pose a threat to human life as they are the perfect foci for Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, a mosquito that can spread chikungunya, Zika fever, Rift Valley fever, Mayaro, Yellow fever, and dengue under the right temperature and precipitation conditions. The vector lays its eggs in containers with standing water, which later emerge as blood-feeding adult females that can transmit these viruses. Unfortunately, past entomological models contributed to literature have not been able to predictively map precise geolocations of aquatic larval habitats of Ae. aegypti. This is primarily due to limited remote sensing tools [e.g., acquiring epi-entomologic habitat data using ground-level survey with a Google Map, differentially collected Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracker, etc.]. Thus, many Ae. aegypti habitats may go undetected even in open, canopied, land cover areas. We employed ArcGIS Pro, Python, and R to develop multiple satellite spectral signature models for predicting Ae. aegypti bird bath habitats in Hillsborough County, Florida. We interpolated a georeferenced, county abatement, high-income, residential, bird bath, Red, Green, and Blue [RGB], Sentinel-2, 10-meter resolution, spectral signature in Python. Incorporating other prolific, Ae. aegypti, larval/pupal habitat, seasonal, gridded, zip code, land use/land cover [LULC], stratified, Normalized Difference Vegetation [NDVI], and elevation satellite maps allowed eco-cartographically distinguishing unknown potential super breeder foci backyards [> 3 bird bath larval/pupal habitats] as well as individual aquatic breeding site foci in the intervention, county abatement, study site. Since we knew the aquatic habitat data occurrence abundance and distribution, a priori, eigen-autocorrelation, eigen-spatial filter algorithm attempted to spatially geolocate potentially hyperendemic clustered habitat patterns [i.e., ‘hot spots’] and dispersed habitat patterns [i.e., ‘cold spots’]. We subsequently field-verified the habitat signature entomological habitat model forecasts. The sensitivity and specificity of the ground truth exercises revealed a model approaching 100 percent for identifying aquatic, birdbath, Ae. aegypti, larval habitats. The Moran's Index [I] indicated slight geospatial negative autocorrelation; [Moran's Index: -0.143071, z-score: -1.057957, p-value: 0.290075], hence the breeding site aquatic foci were dispersed. Remote sensing data can be used for constructing LULC, NDVI, elevation and signature models which can be used for implementing "Seek and Destroy" a real-time larval source management [LSM] system for informing individual homeowners and residents using social media for removing standing water in bird baths, twice a week. 
    },
     year = {2024}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Mapping Ae. aegypti Bird Bath Habitats for Implementing "Seek and Destroy" Larval Source Management in Hillsborough County, FL. USA
    AU  - Kristen Keana Ritchie
    AU  - Ricardo Lzurieta
    AU  - Ismael Hoare
    AU  - Namit Choudhari
    AU  - Kayleigh Murray
    AU  - Brooke Yost
    AU  - David Fiess
    AU  - Paolo Pecora
    AU  - Anthony Masys
    AU  - Jesse Casanova
    AU  - Benjamin George Jacob
    Y1  - 2024/01/11
    PY  - 2024
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11
    T2  - American Journal of Entomology
    JF  - American Journal of Entomology
    JO  - American Journal of Entomology
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 17
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2640-0537
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aje.20240801.11
    AB  - Bird baths pose a threat to human life as they are the perfect foci for Aedes aegypti Linnaeus, a mosquito that can spread chikungunya, Zika fever, Rift Valley fever, Mayaro, Yellow fever, and dengue under the right temperature and precipitation conditions. The vector lays its eggs in containers with standing water, which later emerge as blood-feeding adult females that can transmit these viruses. Unfortunately, past entomological models contributed to literature have not been able to predictively map precise geolocations of aquatic larval habitats of Ae. aegypti. This is primarily due to limited remote sensing tools [e.g., acquiring epi-entomologic habitat data using ground-level survey with a Google Map, differentially collected Global Positioning Systems (GPS) tracker, etc.]. Thus, many Ae. aegypti habitats may go undetected even in open, canopied, land cover areas. We employed ArcGIS Pro, Python, and R to develop multiple satellite spectral signature models for predicting Ae. aegypti bird bath habitats in Hillsborough County, Florida. We interpolated a georeferenced, county abatement, high-income, residential, bird bath, Red, Green, and Blue [RGB], Sentinel-2, 10-meter resolution, spectral signature in Python. Incorporating other prolific, Ae. aegypti, larval/pupal habitat, seasonal, gridded, zip code, land use/land cover [LULC], stratified, Normalized Difference Vegetation [NDVI], and elevation satellite maps allowed eco-cartographically distinguishing unknown potential super breeder foci backyards [> 3 bird bath larval/pupal habitats] as well as individual aquatic breeding site foci in the intervention, county abatement, study site. Since we knew the aquatic habitat data occurrence abundance and distribution, a priori, eigen-autocorrelation, eigen-spatial filter algorithm attempted to spatially geolocate potentially hyperendemic clustered habitat patterns [i.e., ‘hot spots’] and dispersed habitat patterns [i.e., ‘cold spots’]. We subsequently field-verified the habitat signature entomological habitat model forecasts. The sensitivity and specificity of the ground truth exercises revealed a model approaching 100 percent for identifying aquatic, birdbath, Ae. aegypti, larval habitats. The Moran's Index [I] indicated slight geospatial negative autocorrelation; [Moran's Index: -0.143071, z-score: -1.057957, p-value: 0.290075], hence the breeding site aquatic foci were dispersed. Remote sensing data can be used for constructing LULC, NDVI, elevation and signature models which can be used for implementing "Seek and Destroy" a real-time larval source management [LSM] system for informing individual homeowners and residents using social media for removing standing water in bird baths, twice a week. 
    
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Global Communicable Diseases, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

  • Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

  • Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

  • School of Geosciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

  • Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

  • Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

  • Hillsborough County Abatement Office, Tampa, USA

  • Hillsborough County Abatement Office, Tampa, USA

  • Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

  • Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

  • Department of Global Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, USA

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