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Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies

Received: 30 May 2022     Accepted: 24 June 2022     Published: 5 July 2022
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Abstract

Reactive extraction is an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly method for separating acids from waste streams. The separation of organic residues from aqueous waste streams released from industries is essential from the point of view of pollution control and recovery of useful materials. Propionic acid has become an important feedstock in chemical industries for manufacturing biodegradable polymers and synthetic resins. The disposal of wastewater containing propionic acid has been recognized as a significant expense to the industry and the environment. This study used reactive extraction to separate propionic acid from an aqueous solution using Tri-n-Pentyl Amine and Tri-n-Butyl Amine with different diluents. Kinetic variables such as order of reaction, mass transfer coefficient and rate constants were determined by conducting kinetic studies using a stirred cell in a batch-type reactive system. Physical equilibrium experiments showed that 1-Octanol has the highest extractable strength compared to chloroform and dimethylene chloride. The distribution coefficient of chemical extraction is higher than that of physical extraction. Effect of acid (0.1 to 0.4 N), amine concentration (10% to 40%) is noticed in terms of Distribution coefficient KD in the range of 3 to 19 for TPA and KD in the range of 1.5 to 5.67 for TBA at 0.1N. The Equilibrium complexion constant (KE1) was calculated using the loading ratio (Z) at 10% to 40% amine in 1-octanol. At 40% maximum Equilibrium complexion constants for TPA KE1=10.28 and TBA KE1=5.94 were obtained. The reaction regime depended on the Hatta number value, with TPA being instantaneous and TBA being a fast reaction. The enhancement factors for TPA and TBA were found to be 5.1 and 3.8, respectively.

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 10, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11
Page(s) 63-71
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Equilibrium, Kinetics, Reactive Extraction, Propionic Acid

References
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[7] Sumalatha Eda, T. Pratap kumar, and B. satyavathi"Recovery of succinic acid by Reactive extraction using tri-n-octylamine in 1-decanol: Equilibrium optimization using Response suraface method and kinetic studies" International Journal of chemical separation technology, vol. 2, no 2, 2016.
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[16] Mustafa, E., Marti, Turker Gurkan, “Equilibrium and kinetic studies on reactive extraction of pyruvic acid with Tri- octylamine in 1-octanol”. Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 50, page: 13518–13525, 2011.
[17] Shitanshu Pandey and Sushil Kumar. "Reactive Extraction of Gallic Acid Using Aminic and Phosphoric Extractants Dissolved in Different Diluents: Effect of Solvent’s Polarity and Column Design", Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol. 57 (8), page: 2976-2987, 2018.
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  • APA Style

    Sunitha Palleti, Sadam Ilaiah, Vudata Venkata Basava Rao. (2022). Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 10(4), 63-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11

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    ACS Style

    Sunitha Palleti; Sadam Ilaiah; Vudata Venkata Basava Rao. Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2022, 10(4), 63-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11

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    AMA Style

    Sunitha Palleti, Sadam Ilaiah, Vudata Venkata Basava Rao. Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies. Am J Chem Eng. 2022;10(4):63-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11,
      author = {Sunitha Palleti and Sadam Ilaiah and Vudata Venkata Basava Rao},
      title = {Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
      volume = {10},
      number = {4},
      pages = {63-71},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20221004.11},
      abstract = {Reactive extraction is an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly method for separating acids from waste streams. The separation of organic residues from aqueous waste streams released from industries is essential from the point of view of pollution control and recovery of useful materials. Propionic acid has become an important feedstock in chemical industries for manufacturing biodegradable polymers and synthetic resins. The disposal of wastewater containing propionic acid has been recognized as a significant expense to the industry and the environment. This study used reactive extraction to separate propionic acid from an aqueous solution using Tri-n-Pentyl Amine and Tri-n-Butyl Amine with different diluents. Kinetic variables such as order of reaction, mass transfer coefficient and rate constants were determined by conducting kinetic studies using a stirred cell in a batch-type reactive system. Physical equilibrium experiments showed that 1-Octanol has the highest extractable strength compared to chloroform and dimethylene chloride. The distribution coefficient of chemical extraction is higher than that of physical extraction. Effect of acid (0.1 to 0.4 N), amine concentration (10% to 40%) is noticed in terms of Distribution coefficient KD in the range of 3 to 19 for TPA and KD in the range of 1.5 to 5.67 for TBA at 0.1N. The Equilibrium complexion constant (KE1) was calculated using the loading ratio (Z) at 10% to 40% amine in 1-octanol. At 40% maximum Equilibrium complexion constants for TPA KE1=10.28 and TBA KE1=5.94 were obtained. The reaction regime depended on the Hatta number value, with TPA being instantaneous and TBA being a fast reaction. The enhancement factors for TPA and TBA were found to be 5.1 and 3.8, respectively.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Reactive Extraction of Propionic Acid: Equilibrium and Kinetic Studies
    AU  - Sunitha Palleti
    AU  - Sadam Ilaiah
    AU  - Vudata Venkata Basava Rao
    Y1  - 2022/07/05
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    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11
    T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
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    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8613
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20221004.11
    AB  - Reactive extraction is an efficient, economical and environmentally friendly method for separating acids from waste streams. The separation of organic residues from aqueous waste streams released from industries is essential from the point of view of pollution control and recovery of useful materials. Propionic acid has become an important feedstock in chemical industries for manufacturing biodegradable polymers and synthetic resins. The disposal of wastewater containing propionic acid has been recognized as a significant expense to the industry and the environment. This study used reactive extraction to separate propionic acid from an aqueous solution using Tri-n-Pentyl Amine and Tri-n-Butyl Amine with different diluents. Kinetic variables such as order of reaction, mass transfer coefficient and rate constants were determined by conducting kinetic studies using a stirred cell in a batch-type reactive system. Physical equilibrium experiments showed that 1-Octanol has the highest extractable strength compared to chloroform and dimethylene chloride. The distribution coefficient of chemical extraction is higher than that of physical extraction. Effect of acid (0.1 to 0.4 N), amine concentration (10% to 40%) is noticed in terms of Distribution coefficient KD in the range of 3 to 19 for TPA and KD in the range of 1.5 to 5.67 for TBA at 0.1N. The Equilibrium complexion constant (KE1) was calculated using the loading ratio (Z) at 10% to 40% amine in 1-octanol. At 40% maximum Equilibrium complexion constants for TPA KE1=10.28 and TBA KE1=5.94 were obtained. The reaction regime depended on the Hatta number value, with TPA being instantaneous and TBA being a fast reaction. The enhancement factors for TPA and TBA were found to be 5.1 and 3.8, respectively.
    VL  - 10
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, University College of Technology, Osmania University, Hyderabad, India

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