| Peer-Reviewed

Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil

Received: 9 January 2021     Accepted: 16 January 2021     Published: 9 February 2021
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Environmental challenges and high cost of fossil fuel has made Biodiesel gained more recognition as alternative fuel. In this study, heterogeneous catalyst was developed via dealumination of Ukpor clay and calcined snail shells. Basicity, morphology, textural characteristics among other properties of catalyst were studied using XRF, FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDS, BET, XPS and TGA analyses. The optimization of Moringa Oleifera seed oil biodiesel production was carried out via Central Composite Rotatable Design matrix (CCRD) and Response Surface Methodology (RMS). The variables investigated were temperature, time, catalyst concentration and agitation speed. Biodiesel samples were separated from reactant and impurities via decantation and distillation processes. At a combination of 240min, 300°C, 4.0wt%, and 300rpm of time, temperature, catalyst concentration and agitation speed, the maximum yield of 45.50% was obtained. The FTIR, GC-MS and characteristics of the biodiesel produced conform to ASTM standards. The statistical model developed for the effects and percentage contributions of the optimization variables is in the form of; Yield = +25.85 + 5.88*A + 3.19*B - 2.60*C + 0.71*D + 2.29 *A*B + 1.67 *A*C - 0.069*A*D+2.54*B*C + 0.66*B*D - 2.27*C*D + 0.14*A2 + 2.12 *B2 + 1.49*C2 - 0.78*D2 while the reaction obeys first order kinetics, the reaction proceeds faster at elevated temperatures. The calculated activation (Ea) recorded is 2.94 kJmol-1K-1.

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 9, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11
Page(s) 1-17
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

ANOVA, Heterogeneous, Transesterification, Optimization, Moringa Oleifera

References
[1] Ma, F. and Hanna, M. (199). Biodiesel production: A Review, Bioresource Technology, 70, 1–15.
[2] Fukuda, H., Kondo, A. and Noda, H. (2001) Biodiesel Fuel Production by Transesterification of Oils, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 92 (5), 405–416.
[3] Kiss, A., Dimian, A. and Rothenberg, G (2008). Biodiesel by Catalytic Reactive Distillation Powered by Metal Oxides, Energy Fuel, 22 (1), 598–604.
[4] Yusuf, N., Kamarudin, S. and Yaakob, Z. (2012). Overview on the Production of Biodiesel from Jatropha Curcas L. by using Heterogenous Catalysts, Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining, 6 (3), 319–334.
[5] Lee, H., Juan, J. and Abdullah, N. (2014). Heterogeneous Base Catalysts for Edible Palm and Non-edible Jatropha-Based Biodiesel Production, Chemistry Central Journal, 8 (30).
[6] Yan, S., Lu, H. and Liang, B. (2008). Supported CaO Catalysts used in the Transesterification of Rapeseed Oil for the Purpose of Biodiesel Production, Energy Fuel, 22, 646–651.
[7] Cho, Y., Seo, G. and Chang, D. (2009). Transesterification of Tributyrin with Methanol over Calcium Oxide Catalysts Prepared from Various Precursors, Fuel Process Technol, 90, 1252–1258.
[8] Kouzu, M., Kasuno, T., Tajika, M., Sugimoto, Y., Yama–naka, S. and Hidaka, J. (2008). Calcium Oxide as a Solid Base Catalyst for Transesterification of Soybean Oil and its Application to Biodiesel Production, Fuel, 87, 2798–2806.
[9] Ameh, C. U. (2018). Process Optimization Kinetic Modelling and Characterization of Biodiesel Produced from Moringa Oleifera Oil. PhD Progress Report Submitted in the Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, P. M. B. 65, Gidan Kwano Campus, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
[10] Eterigho, E. (2011). Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalysts for Direct Cracking of Triglycerides for Biodiesel Production, A PhD Thesis, School of Chemical Engineering and Advanced Materials, 1–156.
[11] Etuk, B. R., Idongesit, Etuk, F and Linus O. A. (2012). Feasibility of Using Sea Shells Ash as Admixtures for Concrete. Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering A 1 (1) 121-127, ISSN 1934-8932.
[12] Benzidane, D., Baba, M. and Abi-Ayad, S. (2017). Biodiesel Production from Marine Microalgae Nannochloropsis gaditana by in situ Transesterification Process, African Journal of Biotechnology, 16 (22), 1270-1277.
[13] Natthanicha, S. and Siriwan, M. (2017). The Development of Biodiesel Production from Vegetable Oils by Using Different Proportions of Lime Catalyst and Sodium Hydroxide, 2017 International Conference on Alternative Energy in Developing Countries and Emerging Economies 2017, Bangkok, Thailand Energy, 991–997.
[14] Widayat, H., Oki, Y. and Djoko, M. (2013). Biodiesel Production from Bulk Frying Oil with Ultrasound Assisted, Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 6 (10), 1732–1739.
[15] Asri, N., Podjojono, B., Fujiani, R. and Nuraini, A. (2017). Utilization of Eggshell Waste as Low-Cost Solid Base Catalyst for Biodiesel Production from Used Cooking Oil, 7th International Conference on Environment and Industrial Innovation, 67.
[16] Ivanoiu, A., Schmidt, F., Peter, L. and Ungurean, M. (2011). Comparative Study on Biodiesel Synthesis from Different Vegetables Oils, Chemical Bulletin of “Politehnica” University of Timisoara, Romania, Series of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chem. Bull. "POLITEHNICA" Univ. (Timisoara), 56 (70), 94–98.
[17] Mohammed, S., Aroua M., Mariod A., Sit, F., Malik, A., Abdelrahman, A. and Atabani, G. (2015). Physico-chemical characterization and thermal Behavior of Biodiesel and Biodiesel–Diesel Blends Derived from Crude Moringa Peregrina Seed Oil, Elsevier Journal of Energy Conversion and Management, 92, 535–542.
[18] Thembi, S., Kalala, J. and Reinout, M. (2014). Biodiesel Production from Waste Vegetable Oils over MgO/ZrO2 Catalyst, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, Vol. II, London, U.K.
[19] Zhen, M. and Francisco, Z. (2001). Characterization of Heterogeneous Catalysts, Chapter One, Wiley Publishers, Pp. 1–39.
[20] Roschat, W. and Siritanon, T. (2016). Biodiesel Production from Palm Oil using Hydrated Lime-Derived CaO as a Low-Cost Basic Heterogeneous Catalyst, Energy Conversion and Management, 108, 459–467.
[21] Teo, S., Rashid, U. and Taufiq-Yap, Y. (2014). Biodiesel Production from Crude Jatropha Curcas Oil using Calcium Based Mixed Oxide Catalysts, Fuel, 136, 244–252.
[22] Bamgboye, A. and Hansen, A. (2008). Prediction of Cetane Number of Biodiesel Fuel from the Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) Composition, International Journal of Agrophys., 22 (1), 21-29.
[23] Qian, F. W., Liu, S. and Yun, Z. (2008). In situ alkaline transesterification of cottonseed oil for production of biodiesel and nontoxic cottonseed meal. Bioresource Technology, vol. 99, pp. 9009–9012.
[24] Arandiyan, H. and Parvari, M. (2009). Studies on Mixed Metal Oxides Solid Solutions as Heterogeneous Catalysts, Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 26 (1), 63–74.
[25] Ndanganeni, M., Ephraim, V., Reinout, M. and Kalala, J. (2010). Biodiesel Production over ZnO/TiO2 Catalyst: Effect of Co-solvent, Temperature and Reaction Time, Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering, Vol. II, London, U.K.
[26] Aldes, L., Palita, T., Risfidian, M. and Fahmariyanti, A. (2013). Preparation of Calcium Oxide from Achatina Fulica as Catalyst for Production of Biodiesel from Waste Cooking Oil, Indo. J. Chem., 13 (2), 176–180.
[27] Sujan, S., Gajanan, S., Sudipta, D., Prakash, C., Satyanarayan, N. (2017). Methanolysis of Jatropha Curcas Oil using K2CO3/CaO as a Solid Base Catalyst, Turkish Journal of Chemistry, 41, 845–861.
[28] Farook, A., Saraswathy, B. and Phee-Lee, W. (2006). Rice Husk Ash Silica as a Support Material for Ruthenium Based Heterogeneous Catalyst, Journal of Physical Science, 17 (2), 1–13.
[29] Leung, D., Wu, X. and Leung, M. (2011). A Review on Biodiesel Production using Catalyzed Transesterification, Journal of Applied Energy, 87 (4), 1083–1095.
[30] Dharmesh-Kumar, N. and Math, M. (2016). Application of Response Surface Methodology for Optimization of Biodiesel Production by Transesterification of Animal Fat with Methanol, International Journal of Renewable Energy, 6 (1), 74–79.
[31] Sharma, Y., Bhaskar, S. and John, K. (2010). Application of an Efficient Non-Conventional Heterogeneous Catalyst for Biodiesel.
[32] Alhassan, Y., Kumar, N., Bugaje, I. and Mishra, C. (2014). Optimization of Gossypium arboreum Seed Oil Biodiesel Production by Central Composite Rotatable Model of Response Surface Methodology and Evaluation of its Fuel Properties, Journal of Petroleum Technology and Alternative Fuels, 5 (1), 1–12.
[33] Goyal, P., Sharma, M. P. Jain, S. (2013). Optimization of transesterification of Jatropha curcas Oil to Biodiesel using Response Surface Methodology and its Adulteration with Kerosene Journal of Materials and Environmental Science 4 (2) 277-284 ISSN: 2028-2508 CODEN: JMESCN.
[34] Noordin, M., Venkatesh, V., Elting, S. and Abdullah, A. (2004). Application of Response Surface Methodology in Describing the Performance of Coated Carbide Tools when Turning AISI 1045 Steel, Journal of Material Proc. Technol., 145l, 46–58.
[35] Basri, M., Rahman, N., Ebrahimpour, A., Salleh, A., Gunawan, E. and Basyyaruddin, M. (2010). Comparison of Estimation Capabilities of Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with Artificial Neutral network (ANN) in Lipase-Catalysed Synthesis of Palm-Based Wax Ester, BMC Biotechnology. 7 (53), 1–14.
[36] Abdullah, A. Z., Razali, N., Lee, K. T. (2009). Optimization of Mesoporous K/SBA-15 Catalyzed Transesterification of Palm oil using Response Surface Methodology. Fuel Process. Technol. 90, 958–964.
[37] Ahmed, I., Ayman, A., Mohamed, A. and Ahmed, M. (2016). Biodiesel Production by Aspergillus niger Lipase Immobilized on Barium Ferrite Magnetic Nanoparticles, Journal of Bioengineering, 3 (14), 1–15.
[38] Felizardo, P., Correia, M., Raposo, I., Mendes, J., Rui, B. and Bordado, J. (2006). Production of Biodiesel from Waste Frying Oils, Journal of Waste Management, 26, 487–494.
[39] Radha, K. and Manikandan, G. (2011). Novel Production of Biofuels from Neem Oil, World Renewable Energy Congress, 471–478.
[40] Oyerinde, A. and Bello, E. (2016). Use of Fourier Transformation Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy for Analysis of Functional Groups in Peanut Oil Biodiesel and Its Blends, British Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 13 (3), 1-14.
[41] Roseli, A., Anna, L., Turtelli, P., and Kil, J. (2011). Biodiesel Production and Quality, Food Technology Institute and Campinas State University, Brazil Synthesis from Pongamia pinnata Oil, Energy Fuels, 3 (8), 3223–3231.
[42] Cancela, Á., Maceiras, R., Alfonsín, V. and Sánchez, Á. (2015). Transesterification of Waste Frying Oil under Ultrasonic Irradiation, European Journal of Sustainable Development, 4, 401–406.
[43] Fátima, S. Marina, C., Rubén, L., Rubén, E. and Eliseo, P. (2017). An Improvement in Biodiesel Production fromWaste Cooking Oil by Applying Thought Multi-Response Surface Methodology Using Desirability Functions, Journal of Energies, 10, 130.
[44] Richa, S., Prateek, S., Dinesh, B. and Savita, K. (2012). Optimization of Biodiesel Production by Response Surface Methodology and Genetic Algorithm, Journal of ASTM International, 9 (5), 1–2.
[45] America Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM International) (2012). Testing Methods. 190 Howard St, Ste 404; Franklin, PA–USA 16323–2362, Info@wetestII.com
[46] Mostafaei, B., Ghobadian, B., Barzegar, M. and Banakar, A. (2013). Optimization of Ultrasonic Reactor Geometry for Biodiesel Production using Response Surface Methodology, J. Agr. Sci. Tech., 15, 697–708.
[47] Chhetri, A., Watts, K. and Islam, M. (2008). Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternate Feedstock for Biodiesel Production, Journal of Energies, 1, 3–18.
[48] Xiaohu, F., Xi, W. and Feng, C. (2011). Biodiesel Production from Crude Cottonseed Oil: An Optimization Process Using Response Surface Methodology, Journal of Open Fuels Energy Science, 4, 1–8.
[49] Widayat, W. Darmawan, T. Hadiyanto, H. and Ar-Rosyid, R. (2018). Preparation of Heterogeneous CaO Catalysts for Biodiesel Production, International Conference on Energy Sciences (ICES 2016) IOP Publishing, IOP Conf. Series: Journal of Physics: Conf. Series 877, 1–8.
[50] Hilber, T.; Ahn, E.; Mittelbach, M.; Schmitd, E. Animal Fats perform Well in Biodiesel, Render Magazine, Technical Review and Life-Cycle Analysis, Renewable Energy, 35, 1–13.
[51] Shrestha, D., Van Gerpen, J. and Thompson, J. (2008). Effectiveness of Cold Flow Additives on various Biodiesels, Diesel and their Blends, Trans. ASABE, 51, 1365–1370.
[52] Dunn, R. (2015). Cold Flow Properties of Biodiesel: A Guide to Getting an Accurate Analysis, Biofuels Journal, 6, 115–128.
[53] Ibiari, N., El-Enin, S., Attia, N. and El-Diwani, G. (2010). Ultrasonic Comparative Assessment for Biodiesel Production from Rapeseed, J. Am. Sci., 6, 937–943.
[54] Gajendra, K., Kumar, D., Shailandra, S., Kothari, S. Sumit, B. and Chandra, P. (2010). Continuous Low Cost Transesterification Process for the Production of Coconut Biodiesel, Journal of Energies, 3, 43–56.
[55] Kanthawut, B., Sawitri, C., Vittaya, P. and Pinya, S. (2013). Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Oil (Jatropha curcas L.) using Response Surface Methodology, Journal of Natural Science, 44, 290–299.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Ameh Charles Ugbede, Eterigho Elizabeth Jumoke, Musa Abdullahi Abdullahi. (2021). Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 9(1), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Ameh Charles Ugbede; Eterigho Elizabeth Jumoke; Musa Abdullahi Abdullahi. Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2021, 9(1), 1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Ameh Charles Ugbede, Eterigho Elizabeth Jumoke, Musa Abdullahi Abdullahi. Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil. Am J Chem Eng. 2021;9(1):1-17. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11,
      author = {Ameh Charles Ugbede and Eterigho Elizabeth Jumoke and Musa Abdullahi Abdullahi},
      title = {Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
      volume = {9},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-17},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20210901.11},
      abstract = {Environmental challenges and high cost of fossil fuel has made Biodiesel gained more recognition as alternative fuel. In this study, heterogeneous catalyst was developed via dealumination of Ukpor clay and calcined snail shells. Basicity, morphology, textural characteristics among other properties of catalyst were studied using XRF, FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDS, BET, XPS and TGA analyses. The optimization of Moringa Oleifera seed oil biodiesel production was carried out via Central Composite Rotatable Design matrix (CCRD) and Response Surface Methodology (RMS). The variables investigated were temperature, time, catalyst concentration and agitation speed. Biodiesel samples were separated from reactant and impurities via decantation and distillation processes. At a combination of 240min, 300°C, 4.0wt%, and 300rpm of time, temperature, catalyst concentration and agitation speed, the maximum yield of 45.50% was obtained. The FTIR, GC-MS and characteristics of the biodiesel produced conform to ASTM standards. The statistical model developed for the effects and percentage contributions of the optimization variables is in the form of; Yield = +25.85 + 5.88*A + 3.19*B - 2.60*C + 0.71*D + 2.29 *A*B + 1.67 *A*C - 0.069*A*D+2.54*B*C + 0.66*B*D - 2.27*C*D + 0.14*A2 + 2.12 *B2 + 1.49*C2 - 0.78*D2 while the reaction obeys first order kinetics, the reaction proceeds faster at elevated temperatures. The calculated activation (Ea) recorded is 2.94 kJmol-1K-1.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Development and Application of Heterogeneous Catalyst from Snail Shells for Optimization of Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oleifera Seed Oil
    AU  - Ameh Charles Ugbede
    AU  - Eterigho Elizabeth Jumoke
    AU  - Musa Abdullahi Abdullahi
    Y1  - 2021/02/09
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11
    T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 17
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8613
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20210901.11
    AB  - Environmental challenges and high cost of fossil fuel has made Biodiesel gained more recognition as alternative fuel. In this study, heterogeneous catalyst was developed via dealumination of Ukpor clay and calcined snail shells. Basicity, morphology, textural characteristics among other properties of catalyst were studied using XRF, FTIR, SEM, XRD, EDS, BET, XPS and TGA analyses. The optimization of Moringa Oleifera seed oil biodiesel production was carried out via Central Composite Rotatable Design matrix (CCRD) and Response Surface Methodology (RMS). The variables investigated were temperature, time, catalyst concentration and agitation speed. Biodiesel samples were separated from reactant and impurities via decantation and distillation processes. At a combination of 240min, 300°C, 4.0wt%, and 300rpm of time, temperature, catalyst concentration and agitation speed, the maximum yield of 45.50% was obtained. The FTIR, GC-MS and characteristics of the biodiesel produced conform to ASTM standards. The statistical model developed for the effects and percentage contributions of the optimization variables is in the form of; Yield = +25.85 + 5.88*A + 3.19*B - 2.60*C + 0.71*D + 2.29 *A*B + 1.67 *A*C - 0.069*A*D+2.54*B*C + 0.66*B*D - 2.27*C*D + 0.14*A2 + 2.12 *B2 + 1.49*C2 - 0.78*D2 while the reaction obeys first order kinetics, the reaction proceeds faster at elevated temperatures. The calculated activation (Ea) recorded is 2.94 kJmol-1K-1.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Chemical Engineering, School Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Engineering, School Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria

  • Department of Production, Process and Utilities, Dangote Fertiliser Ltd, Lagos, Nigeria

  • Sections