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Kinetic Modeling of Multiple Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Using Activated Carbon from Nigerian Bamboo for Design of Adsorbers

Received: 30 August 2016     Accepted: 10 September 2016     Published: 11 October 2016
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Abstract

In this study, the kinetics modeling for design of adsorbers for multiple adsorption of heavy metal ions was carried out using activated carbon from waste Nigerian bamboo. The bamboo was cut into sizes, washed, dried and was carbonized at 350°C-500°C. It was then activated at 800°C using nitric acid. Simultaneous batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr3+,Cu2+and Zn2+) in same aqueous solution using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was carried out at different initial concentration till equilibrium was reached. In order to determine the mechanism of sorption for multiple adsorption of these heavy metals ions, the kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo first order, pseudo second order kinetic equations, and intra-particle diffusion models. The pseudo first order did not fit well into the kinetic data. The pseudo second order equation was the best applicable model to describe the sorption process. Hence the pseudo second order kinetic reaction is the rate controlling step with some intra particle diffusion taking place. An empirical model was also developed which can then be used for predicting and designing adsorber for the multiple removal of 99% heavy metal ions at any given initial heavy metal ions concentration and the adsorption time required for any multi-stage adsorption system using Nigerian Bamboo activated carbon.

Published in American Journal of Chemical Engineering (Volume 4, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajche.20160405.13
Page(s) 105-113
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nigerian Bamboo, Activated Carbon, Heavy Metal Ions, Multiple Adsorption, Kinetics, Adsorber Design

References
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[2] S. Debnath, A. Maity, and K. Pillay "Magnetic chitosan–GO nanocomposite: Synthesis, characterization and batch adsorber design for Cr(VI) removal" Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering, Vol. 2, Issue 2, pp 963-973, (2014)
[3] U. John, K. Oubagaranadin and Z. V. P. Murthy "Isotherm modeling and batch adsorber design for the adsorption of Cu(II) on a clay containing montmorillonite" Applied Clay Science, Vol 50, Issue 3, pp 409-413, (2010).
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[6] K. Kadirvelu, M. Kavipriya, C. Karthika, M. Radhika, N. Vennilamani, and S. Pattabhi "Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solution" Bioresource. Technology, Vol 87 pp. 129–132, (2003).
[7] F. Ge, M. Li, H. Ye, and B. Zhao " Effective removal of heavy metal ions Cd2+, Zn2+, Pb2+, Cu2+ from aqueous solution by polymer-modified magnetic nanoparticles" J. of Hazardous Materials, Vol. 211–212, pp 366-372, (2012).
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[9] I.G. Karthikeyan, S. Siva Ilango, "Equilibrium Sorption studies of Fe, Cu and Co ions in aqueous medium using activated Carbon prepared from Recinius Communis Linn." J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Vol. 12 (2) 81-87, (2008).
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[11] F. T Ademiluyi and J. C. Nze "Sorption Characteristics for Multiple Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Using Activated Carbon from Nigerian Bamboo", Journal of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering Vol 4, Issue 4, pp39-48 (2016b).
[12] F. T Ademiluyi and E. O David-West, "Effect of Chemical Activation on the Adsorption of Heavy Metals using Activated Carbons from Waste Materials", ISRN Chemical Engineering (2012): Retrieved from http://www.hindawi.com/isrn/Chemeng/2012/674209/.
[13] E.A Mehmet, S. Dursun, C. Ozdemir, and M. Karatas "Heavy metal adsorption by modified oak sawdust: Thermodynamics and kinetics" Journal of Hazardous Materials 141, pp 77–85, (2007).
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    Ademiluyi Falilat Taiwo. (2016). Kinetic Modeling of Multiple Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Using Activated Carbon from Nigerian Bamboo for Design of Adsorbers. American Journal of Chemical Engineering, 4(5), 105-113. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160405.13

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    ACS Style

    Ademiluyi Falilat Taiwo. Kinetic Modeling of Multiple Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Using Activated Carbon from Nigerian Bamboo for Design of Adsorbers. Am. J. Chem. Eng. 2016, 4(5), 105-113. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160405.13

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    AMA Style

    Ademiluyi Falilat Taiwo. Kinetic Modeling of Multiple Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Using Activated Carbon from Nigerian Bamboo for Design of Adsorbers. Am J Chem Eng. 2016;4(5):105-113. doi: 10.11648/j.ajche.20160405.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajche.20160405.13,
      author = {Ademiluyi Falilat Taiwo},
      title = {Kinetic Modeling of Multiple Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Using Activated Carbon from Nigerian Bamboo for Design of Adsorbers},
      journal = {American Journal of Chemical Engineering},
      volume = {4},
      number = {5},
      pages = {105-113},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajche.20160405.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160405.13},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajche.20160405.13},
      abstract = {In this study, the kinetics modeling for design of adsorbers for multiple adsorption of heavy metal ions was carried out using activated carbon from waste Nigerian bamboo. The bamboo was cut into sizes, washed, dried and was carbonized at 350°C-500°C. It was then activated at 800°C using nitric acid. Simultaneous batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr3+,Cu2+and Zn2+) in same aqueous solution using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was carried out at different initial concentration till equilibrium was reached. In order to determine the mechanism of sorption for multiple adsorption of these heavy metals ions, the kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo first order, pseudo second order kinetic equations, and intra-particle diffusion models. The pseudo first order did not fit well into the kinetic data. The pseudo second order equation was the best applicable model to describe the sorption process. Hence the pseudo second order kinetic reaction is the rate controlling step with some intra particle diffusion taking place. An empirical model was also developed which can then be used for predicting and designing adsorber for the multiple removal of 99% heavy metal ions at any given initial heavy metal ions concentration and the adsorption time required for any multi-stage adsorption system using Nigerian Bamboo activated carbon.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    AU  - Ademiluyi Falilat Taiwo
    Y1  - 2016/10/11
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    T2  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JF  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
    JO  - American Journal of Chemical Engineering
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20160405.13
    AB  - In this study, the kinetics modeling for design of adsorbers for multiple adsorption of heavy metal ions was carried out using activated carbon from waste Nigerian bamboo. The bamboo was cut into sizes, washed, dried and was carbonized at 350°C-500°C. It was then activated at 800°C using nitric acid. Simultaneous batch adsorption of different heavy metal ions (Cd2+, Ni2+, Pb2+, Cr3+,Cu2+and Zn2+) in same aqueous solution using activated carbon from Nigerian bamboo was carried out at different initial concentration till equilibrium was reached. In order to determine the mechanism of sorption for multiple adsorption of these heavy metals ions, the kinetic data were modeled using the pseudo first order, pseudo second order kinetic equations, and intra-particle diffusion models. The pseudo first order did not fit well into the kinetic data. The pseudo second order equation was the best applicable model to describe the sorption process. Hence the pseudo second order kinetic reaction is the rate controlling step with some intra particle diffusion taking place. An empirical model was also developed which can then be used for predicting and designing adsorber for the multiple removal of 99% heavy metal ions at any given initial heavy metal ions concentration and the adsorption time required for any multi-stage adsorption system using Nigerian Bamboo activated carbon.
    VL  - 4
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Author Information
  • Department of Chemical/Petrochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Rivers State University of Science and Technology, Nkpolu, Port Harcourt, Nigeria

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