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Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants of a Hospital Wastewater and Potentials of Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and Vetiver Grass in Its Phytoremediation

Received: 20 July 2022     Accepted: 9 October 2022     Published: 29 October 2022
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Abstract

Pollution is a major environmental issue in the world due to its adverse effect on living organism. In the past few decades, uncontrolled urbanization has caused serious pollution problem due to the disposal of sewage, industrial and hospital effluents to water bodies. In this study, the Heavy Metals concentration of a hospital wastewater treatment plants in Zaria, Kaduna state was assessed for a whole season to develop a baseline data on the pollution status of the water and the potentials of water hyacinth in the phytoremediation of the water was evaluated for further removal of the contaminants to reduce the pollution to a minimal status. Some Heavy Metals in the wastewater were analyzed like Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd using Digestion and Atomic Absorbance Spectrometry method with T-test statistically and concentrations of 0.03±0.02, 0.13±0.01, 0.057±0.01, 1.00±0.40, 0.25±0.03, 0.18±0.04, 0.04±0.03, 1.31±0.33 and 0.46±0.29 respectively in dry season. And in wet season; Co (0.10±0.07), Cr (0.21±0.03), Cu (0.02±0.00), Mg (2.25±0.56), Mn (0.23±0.03), Ni (0.13±0.04), Pb (0.14±0.06), Zn (2.18±0.47) and Cd (0.47±0.23) were obtained respectively with significant differences at p>0.05 in Cr and Pb concentrations between dry and wet season. Ni and Pb were found to be above acceptable threshold for WHO and NESREA guidelines and standards but within permissible limit for FAO while Cd, Co and Mn were above acceptable limit for the standard guidelines. Phytoremediation is an attractive alternative to the conventional cleanup technologies that employ plants and their associated microorganisms to remove, contain, or rendered harmless environmental contaminants. In this study, Young Plants of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanoides) were used hydroponically for further remediation of the treated effluent, as based on above values of Ni, Pb, Cd, Co, and Mn, showing the effluent is unfit for human consumption or irrigation purposes.

Published in American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics (Volume 8, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11
Page(s) 97-101
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2022. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Heavy Metals, Wastewater, Phytoremediation, Water Hyacinth, Hydroponically

References
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[3] Oghenerobor, B. A; Gladys, O. O and Tomilola, D. O (2014). Heavy metal Pollutants in wastewater effluents: Sources, Effect and Remediation. Journal of advance in Bioscience and Bioengineering. 2 (4): 37-47.
[4] Ogoyi, D. O; Mwita, C. J; Nguu, E. K and Shiundu, P. M (2011). Determination of Heavy Metal Content in water Sediment and microalgae from Lake Victoria, East Africa. The Open Environmental Engineering Journal, 4: 156-161.
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[11] Lopez-chuken, U. J (2012). Hydroponics- a standard methodology for plant biological researches. Intech press, Croatia, pp 181-198. Mochungong, P and Zhu, J. (2015). DDTs, PCBs and PBDEs contamination in Africa, Latin America and south-southeast Asia—A review.
[12] Zhao, F; Yang, W; Zeng, Z; Li, H; Yang, X; He, Z and Peng, H., (2012). Nutrient removal efficiency and biomass production of different biornergy plants in hypereutrophic water. Journal of Biomass and Bioenergy, 42, 212-218.
[13] Darajeh, N; Truong, P; Rezania, S; Alizadeh, H and Leung, D. W (2019). Effectiveness of Vetiver grass versus other plants for phytoremediation of contaminated water. Journal of environmental treatment technology, 7: 3, 485-500.
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[19] Kouame, K. V.; Meite, L; Adijiri, O. A; Yapi, D. A. C and Tidou, A. S (2016). Bioaccumulation of Heavy metals from wastewater (Pb, Zn, Cd, Cu, and Cr) in waterhyacinth (E. crassipes) and water lettuce (P. stratiotes). International Journal of Chemical Technology Research, 9 (2): 189-195.
[20] Ali, S. V; Abdollah, H and Shahram, S (2019). Study of the accumulation of contaminants by Cyperusalternifolius, Lemna minor, Eichhornia crassipes and Canna x generalis in some contaminated aquatic environments. Journal of Environmental Science and pollution Research, 26: 21340-21350.
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Cite This Article
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    Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima, Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai, Abolude David Sunday, Yahya Ocholi. (2022). Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants of a Hospital Wastewater and Potentials of Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and Vetiver Grass in Its Phytoremediation. American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics, 8(4), 97-101. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11

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    Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima; Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai; Abolude David Sunday; Yahya Ocholi. Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants of a Hospital Wastewater and Potentials of Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and Vetiver Grass in Its Phytoremediation. Am. J. Biol. Environ. Stat. 2022, 8(4), 97-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11

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    AMA Style

    Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima, Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai, Abolude David Sunday, Yahya Ocholi. Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants of a Hospital Wastewater and Potentials of Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and Vetiver Grass in Its Phytoremediation. Am J Biol Environ Stat. 2022;8(4):97-101. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11,
      author = {Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima and Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai and Abolude David Sunday and Yahya Ocholi},
      title = {Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants of a Hospital Wastewater and Potentials of Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and Vetiver Grass in Its Phytoremediation},
      journal = {American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics},
      volume = {8},
      number = {4},
      pages = {97-101},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbes.20220804.11},
      abstract = {Pollution is a major environmental issue in the world due to its adverse effect on living organism. In the past few decades, uncontrolled urbanization has caused serious pollution problem due to the disposal of sewage, industrial and hospital effluents to water bodies. In this study, the Heavy Metals concentration of a hospital wastewater treatment plants in Zaria, Kaduna state was assessed for a whole season to develop a baseline data on the pollution status of the water and the potentials of water hyacinth in the phytoremediation of the water was evaluated for further removal of the contaminants to reduce the pollution to a minimal status. Some Heavy Metals in the wastewater were analyzed like Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd using Digestion and Atomic Absorbance Spectrometry method with T-test statistically and concentrations of 0.03±0.02, 0.13±0.01, 0.057±0.01, 1.00±0.40, 0.25±0.03, 0.18±0.04, 0.04±0.03, 1.31±0.33 and 0.46±0.29 respectively in dry season. And in wet season; Co (0.10±0.07), Cr (0.21±0.03), Cu (0.02±0.00), Mg (2.25±0.56), Mn (0.23±0.03), Ni (0.13±0.04), Pb (0.14±0.06), Zn (2.18±0.47) and Cd (0.47±0.23) were obtained respectively with significant differences at p>0.05 in Cr and Pb concentrations between dry and wet season. Ni and Pb were found to be above acceptable threshold for WHO and NESREA guidelines and standards but within permissible limit for FAO while Cd, Co and Mn were above acceptable limit for the standard guidelines. Phytoremediation is an attractive alternative to the conventional cleanup technologies that employ plants and their associated microorganisms to remove, contain, or rendered harmless environmental contaminants. In this study, Young Plants of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanoides) were used hydroponically for further remediation of the treated effluent, as based on above values of Ni, Pb, Cd, Co, and Mn, showing the effluent is unfit for human consumption or irrigation purposes.},
     year = {2022}
    }
    

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    AU  - Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima
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    AU  - Abolude David Sunday
    AU  - Yahya Ocholi
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11
    T2  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
    JF  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
    JO  - American Journal of Biological and Environmental Statistics
    SP  - 97
    EP  - 101
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2471-979X
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11
    AB  - Pollution is a major environmental issue in the world due to its adverse effect on living organism. In the past few decades, uncontrolled urbanization has caused serious pollution problem due to the disposal of sewage, industrial and hospital effluents to water bodies. In this study, the Heavy Metals concentration of a hospital wastewater treatment plants in Zaria, Kaduna state was assessed for a whole season to develop a baseline data on the pollution status of the water and the potentials of water hyacinth in the phytoremediation of the water was evaluated for further removal of the contaminants to reduce the pollution to a minimal status. Some Heavy Metals in the wastewater were analyzed like Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd using Digestion and Atomic Absorbance Spectrometry method with T-test statistically and concentrations of 0.03±0.02, 0.13±0.01, 0.057±0.01, 1.00±0.40, 0.25±0.03, 0.18±0.04, 0.04±0.03, 1.31±0.33 and 0.46±0.29 respectively in dry season. And in wet season; Co (0.10±0.07), Cr (0.21±0.03), Cu (0.02±0.00), Mg (2.25±0.56), Mn (0.23±0.03), Ni (0.13±0.04), Pb (0.14±0.06), Zn (2.18±0.47) and Cd (0.47±0.23) were obtained respectively with significant differences at p>0.05 in Cr and Pb concentrations between dry and wet season. Ni and Pb were found to be above acceptable threshold for WHO and NESREA guidelines and standards but within permissible limit for FAO while Cd, Co and Mn were above acceptable limit for the standard guidelines. Phytoremediation is an attractive alternative to the conventional cleanup technologies that employ plants and their associated microorganisms to remove, contain, or rendered harmless environmental contaminants. In this study, Young Plants of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanoides) were used hydroponically for further remediation of the treated effluent, as based on above values of Ni, Pb, Cd, Co, and Mn, showing the effluent is unfit for human consumption or irrigation purposes.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Life Sciences, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

  • Departments of Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria

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