New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales)

Da-Li Fu

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13

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New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales)

Da-Li Fu^*

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 12, Issue 4)

Received: 2 June 2024 Accepted: 21 June 2024 Published: 4 July 2024

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Abstract

When establishing a new genus, the utilization of incorrect genera or mere synonyms as comparative taxa will inevitably result in the emergence of a new synonym and leading to new taxonomic confusions. However, both traditional taxonomy and modern phylogeny have limitations in their objectivity and impartiality when it comes to accurately identifying taxa for scientific comparison. In order to scientifically identify the genus synonyms and resolving the taxonomic nomenclature confusions within three families of Stipaceae Burnett, Avenaceae Martinov and Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnh (Poales Small), using the minimum criterion PHS (phylogenetic similarity) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus classification by CPCG (chloroplast complete genomes) of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu, total 19 current synonyms of the five genera of Jarava Ruiz et Pav, Graphephorum Desv., Cinna L., Coleanthus Seidl and Sclerochloa P.Beauv. have been identified, 4 current synonyms of the genus Jarava Ruiz et Pav including Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, Eriocoma Nutt., Nassella (Trin.) É.Desv. and Pseudoeriocoma Romasch. et al., 6 current synonyms of the genus Graphephorum Desv. being Cinnagrostis Griseb., Leptophyllochloa C.E.Calderón ex Nicora, Limnodea Dewey, Peyritschia E.Fourn., Sphenopholis Scribn. and Trisetopsis Röser & A.Wölk, 7 current synonyms of the genus Cinna L. being Aniselytron Merr., Arctagrostis Griseb., Dupontia R.Br., Festucella E.B.Alexeev, Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev, Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie, Saxipoa Soreng et al. and Sylvipoa Soreng, 1 current synonym of the genus Coleanthus Seidl being Phippsia (Trin.) R.Br and 1 current synonym of the genus Sclerochloa P.Beauv. being Puccinellia Parl.. Additionally, 10 new specific names such as Jarava thurberiana Piper ex D.L.Fu, Graphephorum prasinum D.L.Fu and Cinna trinii D.L.Fu, along with 406 new specific combinations like Jarava acuta (Swallen) D.L.Fu, Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) D.L.Fu, Coleanthus algidus (Sol.) D.L.Fu and Sclerochloa acroxantha (C.A.Sm. & C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu have been scientifically and validly published. These publications will effectively resolve taxonomic nomenclature confusions in a scientific manner and establish a solid foundation for evolutionary system research within the order Poales Small.

Published in	American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 12, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13
Page(s)	242-259
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Jarava, Cinna, Graphephorum, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa, New Combination, CPCG (Chloroplast Complete Genome), Genus Minimum Criterion, Typical Algorithm

1. Introduction

Established as early as 1794 with the single species, Jarava ichu Ruiz & Pav., the genus Jarava Ruiz et Pav. (Stipaceae Burnett) can be morphologically distinguished by the awn not plumose, the lemma usually less thickened than in many other genera of Stipeae, and the palea much shorter than the lemma. The first combination of Jarava plumosa (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett (nom. inval.) was not published until 1997 by Jacobs & Everett

[1]

, and the genus had been consistently considered as Stipa L. sect. Jarava (Ruiz et Pav.) Trin. et Rupr. since 1842. Over 60 specific combinations of this genus have now been published by taxonomists

[2-6]

, but all of them are invalidly published according to the Article 37.1 “A name published on or after 1 January 1953 without a clear indication of the rank of the taxon concerned is not validly published” and other relevant articles of International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Melbourne Code, 2011). Furthermore, most of these combinations lack a sufficiently scientific basis, as they mostly belong to the genera Austrostipa S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett

[7]

and Pappostipa (Speg.) Romasch. (nom. inval.)

[8]

The phylogenic analysis results

[8-11]

suggest that the genus Jarava Ruiz et Pav. is most closely related to the other four genera: Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, Eriocoma Nutt., Nassella (Trin.) É.Desv. and Pseudoeriocoma Romasch. et al.. There is no general agreement upon the circumscription within the Stipeae tribe, and the genus Nassella (Trin.) É.Desv. can be easily distinguished by the presence of a usually very distinct, bone-like, often cupuliform corona at the apex of the lemma

[12]

. The genus Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth established in 2006, differs from other genera in its woody, sharp tips of the basal leaves, smooth longitudinal ribs on its caryopses, persistent stylar bases, and frequent presence of cleistogamous panicles in the axils of its basal leaf sheaths

[13]

. The genus Pseudoeriocoma Romasch. et al. established in 2019, differs from Eriocoma Nutt. in having bamboo-like culms commonly with up to 13 nodes, 3–6 mm thick below, with ramified branching at the middle and upper nodes

[14]

. However, there may be a scientific problem as compared to genus Eriocoma Nutt., owing to it may being a synonym of the genus Jarava Ruiz et Pav.. Similarly, the new genus Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie

[15]

established in 2007, and the new genus Saxipoa Soreng

[16]

established in 2009 are closely related to Festucella E.B.Alexeev and Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev

[17]

, which may be the synonyms of the genus Cinna L. (Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnh., nom. cons.) based on the phylogenic analysis results

[18-20]

In another case, the new genus Sylvipoa Soren established in 2009

[16]

was only compared to the genus Poa L. rather than to the close relative genera such as Aniselytron Merr., Arctagrostis Griseb., Cinna L., Dupontia R.Br., Festucella E.B.Alexeev, Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev, Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie and Saxipoa Soreng

[18]

. Likewise, the new genus Trisetopsis Röser & A.Wölk established in 2013

[21]

was only compared with the genus Helictotrichon Besser, without comparison to the closer genera like Graphephorum Desv., Cinnagrostis Griseb., Sphenopholis Scribn., Limnodea Dewey and Peyritschia E.Fourn (Avenaceae Martinov).

[22-27]

When establishing a new genus, the utilization of incorrect genera or mere synonyms as comparative taxa will inevitably lead to the emergence of a novel synonym. However, both traditional taxonomy and modern phylogeny encounter limitations in their objectivity and impartiality when it comes to accurately and validly identifying compared taxa. To overcome these shortcomings, the new science evolutionomy has been developed with the publications of the evolutionary continuity principle, the evolutionary particularity principle, the theoretical monograph as the Theory and Practice of Evolutionomy, and so on

[28-34]

. The establishment, publication, and implementation of the minimum criterion PHS ≤ 0.928 (inter genera, CPCG) for the classification of genus of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu have scientifically identified 34 current synonyms of the genus Phyllostachys Sieb. & Zucc., 15 ones of Bambusa Schreb., 3 ones of Dinochloa Büse and 4 ones of Guadua Kunth within the subfamily Bambusoideae, and the taxonomic confusions of the subfamily have also been scientifically resolved to a certain extent

[31-34]

To scientifically identify the synonyms of certain genera and resolve the taxonomic confusions within the three families of Stipaceae Burnett, Avenaceae Martinov and Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnh of Poales Small, some relevant CPCG sequences from the NCBI (National Center for Biotechnology Information, USA) database have been downloaded and the evolutionary analyses on these sequences have been conducted, and the results are as follows.

2. Materials and Methods

2.1. CPCG of Poales

Total 24 CPCG of representative species of three families of Poales Small were selected from the NCBI database. Their current names, scientific names and CPCG numbers of NCBI are listed in Table 1 to Table 5.

2.2. Evolutionary Analyses of CPCG

The evolutionary analyses of CPCG mainly use the typical algorithm

[28-33]

to determine the relative evolutionary relationships between different taxa by comparing the phylogenetic similarity (PHS) between the designated type and target taxa. The formula is as follows:

PHS = \frac{SPHL}{APHL}

PHS = phylogenetic similarity between the type and objective taxon; SPHL = the number of same phylogenetic loci between the type and objective taxon; APHL = the number of all phylogenetic loci of the type; statistics of phylogenetic loci using Nucleotide Barcodes (17bp).

3. Results

3.1. Synonyms of the Genus Jarava

The PHS of CPCG of 7 species of Stipaceae using the type Jarava ichu Ruiz et Pav. and the results are shown in Table 1.

Table 1. PHS of CPCG between Jarava ichu and some representative species of Stipaceae.

No.	Scientific Names and Numbers of CPCG in NCBI	Current Names	PHL/17bp	PHS
1	Jarava ichu_NC058913.1	Jarava ichu	115654	1
2	Jarava brachychaet_NC042701.1	Amelichloa brachychaet	112000	0.968
3	Jarava hyalina_MF480753.1	Nassella hyalina	111783	0.967
4	Jarava hymenoides NC027464.1	Eriocoma hymenoides	107788	0.932
5	Achnatherum inebrians_MW423581.1	Achnatherum inebrians	103221	0.893
6	Stipellula capensi_NC062958.1	Stipellula capensi	102771	0.889
7	Trikeraia hookeri_MW699773.1	Trikeraia hookeri	95077	0.822

From Table 1, it is evident that Amelichloa, Eriocoma and Nassella are synonyms of the genus Jarava using the type of Jarava ichu Ruiz & Pav., because of their evolutionary relationships with the type all not meeting the minimum criterion of genus evolution: PHS(17bp) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera).

Although the genus Pseudoeriocoma Romasch currently lack CPCG, it can also be confirmed that it is the synonyms of Jarava based on Table 1 and previous research results

[8-14]

. Therefore, it is scientific to combine the genus Jarava Ruiz & Pav. as follows.

Jarava Ruiz & Pav., Fl. Peruv. Prodr. 2. 1794. Type: Jarava ichu Ruiz & Pav. ─ Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, Sida 22(1): 146. 2006. Type: Jarava ambigua (Speg.) D.L.Fu. ─ Eriocoma Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 40. 1818. Type: Jarava hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) D.L.Fu. ─ Nassella (Trin.) É.Desv., Fl. Chil. [Gay] 6: 263. 1853. Type: Jarava chilensis (Trin.) D.L.Fu. ─ Pseudoeriocoma Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng, PhytoKeys 126: 112. 2019. Type: Jarava eminens (Cav.) D.L.Fu.

About 159 species in America, including 1 new specific name and 157 new specific combinations.

3.2. Synonyms of the Genus Graphephorum

The PHS of CPCG of 7 species of Avenaceae using the type Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) D.L.Fu and the results are shown in Table 2.

Table 2. PHS of CPCG between Graphephorum cernuum and some representative species of Avenaceae.

No.	Scientific Names and Numbers of CPCG in NCBI	Current Names	PHL/17bp	PHS
1	Graphephorum cernuum_NC027487.1	Trisetum cernuum	113374	1
2	Graphephorum deyeuxioides_NC059969.1	Peyritschia deyeuxioides	110059	0.971
3	Graphephorum elongatum_MT089575.1	Trisetopsis elongata	110009	0.97
4	Graphephorum intermedium_MT094331.1	Sphenopholis intermedia	108757	0.959
5	Acrospelion glaciale_NC059973.1	Trisetum glaciale	103344	0.912
6	Koeleria nitidula_NC042404.1	Koeleria nitidula	98454	0.868
7	Arrhenatherum elatius_NC042673.1	Arrhenatherum elatius	94713	0.835

Table 2 shows that Peyritschia E.Fourn., Trisetopsis Röser & A.Wölk and Sphenopholis Scribn. are synonyms of the genus Graphephorum Desv. using the type of Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) D.L.Fu, on account of their evolutionary relationships with the type all not meeting the minimum criterion PHS(17bp) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus classification.

Although other three genera of Cinnagrostis Griseb., Leptophyllochloa C.E.Calderón ex Nicora and Limnodea Dewey currently lack CPCG, it can also be confirmed that they all are the synonyms of Graphephorum based on Table 2 and previous research results

[22-27]

. Therefore, it is scientific to combine the genus Graphephorum Desv. as follows.

Graphephorum Desv., in Nouv. Bull. Soc. Philom. ii. 189. 1810. Type: Graphephorum melicoides (Michx.) Desv. ─ Cinnagrostis Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 256. 1874. Type: Graphephorum polygamum (Griseb.) D.L.Fu ─ Leptophyllochloa C.E.Calderón ex Nicora, Fl. Patagonica 3: 69. 1978. Type: Graphephorum micratherum (É.Desv.) D.L.Fu. ─ Limnodea Dewey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2: 518. 1894. Type: Graphephorum arkansanum (Nutt.) D.L.Fu. ─ Peyritschia E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 109. 1886. Type: Graphephorum koelerioides (Peyr.) D.L.Fu. ─ Sphenopholis Scribn., Rhodora 8(no. 92): 142. 1906. Type: Graphephorum obtusatum (Michx.) D.L.Fu. ─ Trisetopsis Röser & A.Wölk, Schlechtendalia 25: 57. 2013. Type: Graphephorum elongatum (A.Rich.) D.L.Fu.

About 131 species in America and Asia, including 6 new specific name and 122 new specific combinations.

3.3. Synonyms of the Genus Cinna

The PHS of CPCG of 5 species of Poaceae were analyzed using the type of Cinna arundinacea L. and the results are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. PHS of CPCG between Cinna arundinacea and some representative species of Poaceae.

No.	Scientific Names and Numbers of CPCG in NCBI	Current Names	PHL/17bp	PHS
1	Cinna arundinacea_NC059959.1	Cinna arundinacea	114205	1
2	Cinna latiphylla _MT094313.1	Arctagrostis latifolia	108913	0.954
3	Beckmannia syzigachne_MT653696.1	Beckmannia syzigachne	105251	0.924
4	Arctopoa saltuensis_NC050408.1	Poa saltuensis	103911	0.910
5	Alopecurus pratensis_NC067048.1	Alopecurus pratensis	102198	0.895

From Table 3, it can be concluded that using the type of Cinna arundinacea L., the genus Arctagrostis Griseb. is a synonym of the genus Cinna L., owing to its evolutionary relationship with the type being 0.954, not meeting the minimum criterion PHS(17bp) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus evolution.

Based on Table 1, combined with the results of relevant phylogenic analysis

[18-20]

, it can also be confirmed that there are 7 current synonyms of the genus Cinna L., including Aniselytron Merr., Dupontia R.Br., Festucella E.B.Alexeev, Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev, Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie, Saxipoa Soreng et al. and Sylvipoa Soreng. Therefore, it is scientific to combine the genus Cinna L. as follows.

Cinna L., Sp. Pl. 1: 5. 1753. Type: Cinna arundinacea L..─ Aniselytron Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 328. 1910. Type: Cinna agrostoides (Merr.) D.L.Fu. ─ Arctagrostis Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4(13): 434. 1852. Type: Cinna latiphylla D.L.Fu. ─ Dupontia R.Br., Chlor. Melvill. 32. 1823. Type: Cinna fisheri (R.Br.) D.L.Fu. ─ Festucella E.B.Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 90(5): 104. 1985. Type: Cinna eriopoda (Vickery) D.L.Fu. ─ Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 90(5): 106. 1985. Type: Cinna hookeriana (Hook.f.) D.L.Fu. ─ Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94(4): 842. 2007. Type: Cinna andina (Trin.) D.L.Fu. ─ Saxipoa Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs, Austral. Syst. Bot. 22(6): 406. 2009. Type: Cinna saxicola (R.Br.) D.L.Fu. ─ Sylvipoa Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs, Austral. Syst. Bot. 22(6): 404. 2009. Type: Cinna queenslandica (C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu.

About 19 species in America, Asia, Europe and Oceania, including 2 new specific names and 14 new specific combinations.

3.4. Synonyms of the Genus Coleanthus

The PHS of CPCG of 5 species of Poaceae were analyzed using the type Coleanthus subtilis Seidl ex Roem. & Schult. and the results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. PHS of CPCG between Coleanthus subtilis and relevant species of Poaceae.

No.	Scientific Names and Numbers of CPCG in NCBI	Current Names	PHL/17bp	PHS
1	Coleanthus subtilis_NC062353.1	Coleanthus subtilis	113770	1
2	Coleanthus algidus_NC059982.1	Phippsia algida	109695	0.964
3	Sclerochloa distans_NC054281.1	Puccinellia distans	98916	0.869
4	Scolochloa festucacea_NC042709.1	Scolochloa festucacea	89163	0.784
5	Cinna arundinacea_NC059959.1	Cinna arundinacea	88743	0.780

From Table 4, it is obvious that using the type of Coleanthus subtilis Seidl ex Roem. & Schult., the genus Phippsia (Trin.) R.Br. is a synonym of the genus Coleanthus Seidl, for its evolutionary relationship with the type being 0.964, far from reaching the minimum criterion PHS(17bp) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus classification. Therefore, it is scientific to combine the genus Coleanthus Seidl (nom. cons.) as follows.

Coleanthus Seidl, Syst. Veg., ed. 15 bis [Roemer & Schultes] 2: 11, 276. 1817, nom. cons. Type: C. subtilis (Trattinick) W. B. Seidl. ─ Phippsia (Trin.) R.Br., Chlor. Melvill. 27. 1823. Type: Coleanthus algidus (Sol.) D.L.Fu.

About 4 species, in America, Asia & Europe, including 3 new specific combinations.

3.5. Synonyms of the Genus Sclerochloa

The PHS of CPCG of 5 species of Poaceae were analyzed using the type Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv. and the results are shown in Table 5.

Table 5. PHS of CPCG between Sclerochloa dura and relevant species of Poaceae.

No.	Scientific Names and Numbers of CPCG in NCBI	Current Names	PHL/17bp	PHS
1	Sclerochloa dura_MT094329.1	Sclerochloa dura	113302	1
2	Sclerochloa distans_NC054281.1	Puccinellia distans	105596	0.932
3	Coleanthus subtilis_NC062353.1	Coleanthus subtilis	97054	0.857
4	Scolochloa festucacea_NC042709.1	Scolochloa festucacea	88910	0.785
5	Cinna arundinacea_NC059959.1	Cinna arundinacea	88494	0.781

Table 5 indicates that the genus Puccinellia Parl. is a synonym of the genus Sclerochloa P.Beauv., because the evolutionary relationship between Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv. and Puccinellia distans (Jacq.) Bab. is 0.932, not meeting the minimum criterion PHS(17bp) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus evolution. Therefore, the latest combination of the genus Puccinellia Parl. are as follows.

Sclerochloa P.Beauv., Ess. Agrostogr. 97. 1812. Type: Sclerochloa dura (L.) Beauv. ─ Puccinellia Parl., Fl. Ital. (Parlatore) 1: 366. 1848. Type: Sclerochloa distans (Jacq.) Bab.

About 116 species, in Africa, America, Asia, Europe & Oceania, including 1 new specific name and 107 new specific combinations.

4. New Names and New Combinations

Acrospelion distichophyllum (Vill.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena distichophylla Vill., Prosp. Hist. Pl. Dauphiné 2: 144. 1787; Acrospelion distichophyllum (Vill.) Barberá, J. Syst. Evol. 58(4): 523. 2019, nom. inval.

Acrospelion glaciale (Bory) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena glacialis Bory, Ann. Gén. Sci. Phys. 3: 6. 1820; Acrospelion glaciale (Bory) Barberá, Soreng & Quintanar, Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 159-107110: 9. 2021.

Arctopoa saltuensis (Fernald & Wiegand) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa saltuensis Fernald & Wiegand, Rhodora 20: 122. 1918.

Cinna agrostoides (Merr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Aniselytron agrostoides Merr., Philipp. J. Sci., C 5: 329. 1910.

Cinna andina (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa andina Trin., Linnaea 10: 306. 1836. ─ Nicoraepoa andina (Trin.) Soreng & L.J.Gillespie, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 94(4): 843. 2007.

Cinna chonotica (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa chonotica Phil., Linnaea 29: 97. 1858.

Cinna eriopoda (Vickery) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Festuca eriopoda Vickery, Contr. New South Wales Natl. Herb. 1: 10. 1939. ─ Festucella eriopoda (Vickery) E.B.Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 90(5): 104. 1985.

Cinna fisheri (R.Br.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Dupontia fisheri R.Br., Chlor. Melvill. 33. 1823.

Cinna fulva (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa fulva Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 378. 1830.

Cinna hookeriana (Hook.f.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Festuca hookeriana F.Muell. ex Hook.f., Fl. Tasman. 2: 127. 1858. ─ Hookerochloa hookeriana (F.Muell. ex Hook.f.) E.B.Alexeev, Byull. Moskovsk. Obshch. Isp. Prir., Otd. Biol. 90(5): 106. 1985.

Cinna latiphylla D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Colpodium latifolium R.Br., Chlor. Melvill. 28. 1823. non Cinna latifolia (Trevir. ex Göpp.) Griseb. ─ Arctagrostis latifolia Griseb., Fl. Ross. (Ledeb.) 4(13): 434. 1852.

Cinna pugionifolia (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa pugionifolia Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 199. 1902.

Cinna queenslandica (C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa queenslandica C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. 1934: 449. 1934. ─ Sylvipoa queenslandica (C.E.Hubb.) Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs, Austral. Syst. Bot. 22(6): 404. 2009.

Cinna robusta (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa robusta Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 426. 1854.

Cinna saxicola (R.Br.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa saxicola R.Br., Prodr. Fl. Nov. Holland.: 180. 1810. ─ Saxipoa saxicola (R.Br.) Soreng, L.J.Gillespie & S.W.L.Jacobs, Austral. Syst. Bot. 22(6): 407. 2009.

Cinna stepparia (Nicora) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa stepparia Nicora, Hickenia 1: 101. 1977.

Cinna subenervis (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa subenervis Hack., Ark. Bot. 7(2): 7. 1907.

Cinna treutleri (Kuntze) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Milium treutleri Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 780. 1891.

Cinna trinii D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Vilfa arundinacea Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl.: 157. 1824, non Cinna arundinacea L.

Coleanthus algidus (Sol.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Agrostis algida Sol. in C.J.Phipps, Voy. North Pole: 200. 1774. ─ Phippsia algida (Sol.) R.Br., Chlor. Melvill. 27. 1823.

Coleanthus concinnus (Th.Fr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Catabrosa concinna Th.Fr. in Öfvers. Kongl. Vetensk.-Akad. Förh. 26(2): 140. 1869 publ. 1870.

Coleanthus wilczekii (Hack) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Phippsia wilczekii Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 321. 1909.

Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum cernuum Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 61. 1830 publ. 1831; Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) Röser & Tkach, Taxon 69(2): 265. 2020, nom. inval..

Graphephorum canescens (Buckley) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum canescens Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 100. 1863; Graphephorum canescens (Buckley) Röser & Tkach, Taxon 69(2): 265. 2020, nom. inval..

Graphephorum album (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia alba J.Presl, in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 248. 1830.

Graphephorum boliviense (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis boliviensis Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 6: 156. 1908.

Graphephorum breviaristatum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia breviaristata Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 177. 1876.

Graphephorum brevifolium (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia brevifolia J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 248. 1830.

Graphephorum cabrerae (Parodi) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis cabrerae Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 15: 59. 1948.

Graphephorum calderillense (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis calderillensis Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 72. 1908.

Graphephorum chrysophyllum (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia chrysophylla Phil., Verz. Antofagasta Pfl.: 83. 1891.

Graphephorum ciliatum (Rúgolo & Villav.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia ciliata Rúgolo & Villav., Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 31: 126. 1995.

Graphephorum coarctatum (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia coarctata Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 143. 1816.

Graphephorum crispum (Rúgolo & Villav.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia crispa Rúgolo & Villav., Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 31: 128. 1995.

Graphephorum cryptolophum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia cryptolopha Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 176. 1876.

Graphephorum curtum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia curta Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 176. 1876.

Graphephorum curvulum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia curvula Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 178. 1876.

Graphephorum cuzcoense (Tovar) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis cuzcoensis Tovar, Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado", Ser. B, Bot. 33: 11. 1985.

Graphephorum confertiflorum D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Deyeuxia densiflora J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 247. 1830, non Graphephorum densiflorum E.Fourn.

Graphephorum deserticolum (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia deserticola Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 55. 1860.

Graphephorum divergens (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis divergens Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 262. 1949.

Graphephorum fiebrigii (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis fiebrigii Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 68. 1908.

Graphephorum filifolium (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia filifolia Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 178. 1876.

Graphephorum fuscatum (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia fuscata J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 249. 1830.

Graphephorum glaciale (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia glacialis Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 178. 1876.

Graphephorum heterophyllum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia heterophylla Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 177. 1876.

Graphephorum hieronymi (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis hieronymi Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 109. 1902.

Graphephorum hirsutum (Rúgolo & Villav.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia hirsuta Rúgolo & Villav., Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 31: 136. 1995.

Graphephorum hirtum (Mille) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia hirta Sodiro ex Mille, Revista Colegio Nac. Vincento Rocafuerte 11(40-41): 76. 1930.

Graphephorum intermedium (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia intermedia J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 249. 1830.

Graphephorum involutum (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis involuta Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 259. 1949.

Graphephorum jamesonii (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis jamesonii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 191. 1854.

Graphephorum lagurus (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia lagurus Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 176. 1876.

Graphephorum leiophyllum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia leiophylla Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 177. 1876.

Graphephorum macrophyllum (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia macrophylla Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 711. 1898.

Graphephorum macrostachyum (Sodiro) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia macrostachya Sodiro, Revista Colegio Nac. Vincento Rocafuerte 11(40-41): 74. 1930.

Graphephorum malamalense (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis malamalensis Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires, ser. 3, 6: 478. 1906.

Graphephorum mandonianum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia mandoniana Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 179. 1876.

Graphephorum micratherum (É.Desv.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum micratherum É.Desv. in C.Gay Fl. Chil. 6: 352. 1854. ─ Leptophyllochloa micrathera (É.Desv.) Calderón ex Nicora, Fl. Patagonica 3: 70. 1978.

Graphephorum minimum (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Calamagrostis vicunarum var. minima Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 63. 1908; Calamagrostis minima (Pilg.) Tovar, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado" 11: 52. 1960.

Graphephorum molle (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis mollis Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 61. 1908.

Graphephorum mulleri (Luces) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis mulleri Luces, Bol. Soc. Venez. Ci. Nat. 15: 9. 1953.

Graphephorum nitidulum (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis nitidula Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 69. 1908.

Graphephorum orbignyanum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia orbignyana Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 178. 1876.

Graphephorum patagonicum (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia patagonica Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 7: 191. 1902.

Graphephorum polygamum (Griseb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Cinnagrostis polygama Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 257. 1874.

Graphephorum preslii (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Agrostis preslii Kunth, Enum. Pl. 1: 225. 1833.

Graphephorum rauhii (Tovar) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis rauhii Tovar, Mem. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado" 11: 78. 1960.

Graphephorum rectum (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia recta Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 144. 1816.

Graphephorum reitzii (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis reitzii Swallen, Sellowia 7: 11. 1956.

Graphephorum rigescens (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Agrostis rigescens J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 237. 1830.

Graphephorum rigidum (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia rigida Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 144. 1816.

Graphephorum roseum (Griseb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Agrostis rosea Griseb. in Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 253. 1874.

Graphephorum rupestre (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis rupestris Trin., Gram. Panic.: 28. 1826.

Graphephorum scaberulum (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis scaberula Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 261. 1949.

Graphephorum scleranthum (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis sclerantha Hack. in Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 108. 1902.

Graphephorum setiflorum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia setiflora Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 176. 1876.

Graphephorum spicigerum (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia spicigera J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 247. 1830.

Graphephorum steyermarkii (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis steyermarkii Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 258. 1949.

Graphephorum tarmense (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis tarmensis Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 42: 70. 1908.

Graphephorum trichodontum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia trichodonta Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 176. 1876.

Graphephorum velutinum (Nees & Meyen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia velutina Nees & Meyen, F.J.F.Meyen, Observ. Bot. 1: 349. 1834.

Graphephorum vicunarum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia vicunarum Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 177. 1876.

Graphephorum violaceum (Wedd.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia violacea Wedd., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 22: 179. 1876.

Graphephorum viridiflavescens (Poir.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Arundo viridiflavescens Poir. in J.B.A.M.de Lamarck, Encycl. 6: 271. 1804.

Graphephorum prasinum D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Deyeuxia viridis Phil., Linnaea 33: 288. 1864, non Graphephorum viride (Kunth) D.L.Fu.

Graphephorum arkansanum (Nutt.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Greenia arkansana Nutt., Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n.s., 5: 142. 1835. ─ Limnodea arkansana (Nutt.) L.H.Dewey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 2: 518. 1894.

Graphephorum swallenii D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Trisetum angustum Swallen, Phytologia 4: 423. 1953, non Graphephorum angustum (C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu.

Graphephorum pringlei (Beal) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis pringlei Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 345. 1896.

Graphephorum confertum (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum confertum Pilg., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 25: 714. 1898.

Graphephorum curvisetum (Morden & Valdés-Reyna) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum curvisetum Morden & Valdés-Reyna, Brittonia 35: 375. 1983.

Graphephorum deyeuxioides (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena deyeuxioides Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 147. 1816.

Graphephorum divaricatum (P.M.Peterson & Soreng) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis divaricata P.M.Peterson & Soreng, Sida 21: 315. 2004.

Graphephorum durangense (Finot & P.M.Peterson) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum durangense Finot & P.M.Peterson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 19. 2004.

Graphephorum erectifolium (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis erectifolia Hitchc. in N.L.Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 17: 507. 1937.

Graphephorum erianthum (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia eriantha Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 145. 1816.

Graphephorum linearifolium D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Trisetum filifolium Scribn. ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 375. 1896, non Graphephorum filifolium (Wedd.) D.L.Fu.

Graphephorum foliosum (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum foliosum Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 256. 1949.

Graphephorum howellii (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum howellii Hitchc., Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 21: 296. 1935.

Graphephorum humile (Louis-Marie) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum humile Louis-Marie, Rhodora 30: 244. 1929.

Graphephorum irazuense (Kuntze) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis irazuensis Kuntze, Revis. Gen. Pl. 2: 763. 1891.

Graphephorum killipii (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis killipii Swallen, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 29: 257. 1949.

Graphephorum koelerioides (Peyr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Aira koelerioides Peyr., Linnaea 30: 5(-6). 1859. ─ Peyritschia koelerioides (Peyr.) E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 110. 1886.

Graphephorum martha-gonzaleziae (P.M.Peterson & Finot) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum martha-gonzaleziae P.M.Peterson & Finot, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 21. 2004.

Graphephorum orizabae (E.Fourn.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia orizabae Rupr. ex E.Fourn., Bull. Soc. Bot. France 24: 181. 1877.

Graphephorum palmeri (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum palmeri Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 17: 325. 1913.

Graphephorum pinetorum (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum pinetorum Swallen, Phytologia 4: 424. 1953.

Graphephorum planifolium (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia planifolia Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 145. 1816.

Graphephorum kochianum H.Torres ex D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Deschampsia pringlei Scribn., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 43: 306. 1891, non Graphephorum pringlei Scribn.; Trisetum kochianum Hern.Torres, Phytologia 61: 454. 1987.

Graphephorum spellenbergii (Soreng) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum spellenbergii Soreng, Finot & P.M.Peterson, Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 23. 2004.

Graphephorum tolucense (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Deyeuxia tolucensis Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 143. 1816.

Graphephorum tonduzii (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum tonduzii Hitchc. in N.L.Britton et al. (eds.), N. Amer. Fl. 17: 558. 1939.

Graphephorum validum (Sohns) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis valida Sohns, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 46: 385. 1957.

Graphephorum viride (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena viridis Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 147. 1816.

Graphephorum virletii (E.Fourn.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum virletii E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 108. 1886.

Graphephorum vulcanicum (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis vulcanica Swallen, Phytologia 4: 424. 1953.

Graphephorum coahuilense (P.M.Peterson) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis coahuilensis P.M.Peterson, Soreng & Valdés-Reyna, Sida 21: 312. 2004.

Graphephorum filiforme (Chapm.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Eatonia pensylvanica var. filiformis Chapm., Fl. South. U.S.: 560. 1860; Eatonia filiformis (Chapm.) Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 11: 117. 1886.

Graphephorum rydbergii D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Eatonia intermedia Rydb., Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 32: 602. 1905, non Graphephorum intermedium (J.Presl) D.L.Fu.

Graphephorum interruptum (Buckley) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum interruptum Buckley, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia 14: 100. 1863.

Graphephorum nitidum (Biehler) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Aira nitida Biehler, Pl. Nov. Herb. Spreng.: 8. 1807.

Graphephorum obtusatum (Michx.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Aira obtusata Michx., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 62. 1803. ─ Sphenopholis obtusata (Michx.) Scribn., Rhodora 8: 144. 1906.

Graphephorum pensylvanicum (L.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena pensylvanica L., Sp. Pl.: 79. 1753.

Graphephorum angustum (C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Helictotrichon angustum C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1936: 330. 1936.

Graphephorum arctum (Cope) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Helictotrichon arctum Cope, Kew Bull. 61: 243(-244). 2006.

Graphephorum asperum (Thwaites) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena aspera Munro ex Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 372. 1864.

Graphephorum barbatum (Nees) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum barbatum Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 345. 1841.

Graphephorum capense (Schweick.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Helictotrichon capense Schweick., Bothalia 3: 193. 1937.

Graphephorum dodii (Stapf) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avenastrum dodii Stapf in W.H.Harvey Fl. Cap. 7: 475. 1899.

Graphephorum elongatum (A.Rich.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Danthonia elongata Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 419. 1850. ─ Trisetopsis elongata (Hochst. ex A.Rich.) Röser & A.Wölk, Schlechtendalia 25: 58. 2013.

Graphephorum galpinii (Schweick.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Helictotrichon galpinii Schweick., Bothalia 3: 192. 1937.

Graphephorum himalayense (H.Singh et al.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetopsis himalayensis Harsh Singh, D.Prasad & S.K.Barik, Nordic J. Bot. 2022(4)-e03390: 2. 2022.

Graphephorum hirtulum (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum hirtulum Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 228. 1854.

Graphephorum imberbe (Nees) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum imberbe Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 347. 1841.

Graphephorum junghuhnii (Buse) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena junghuhnii Buse, F.A.W.Miquel, Pl. Jungh., prepr.: 5. 1854.

Graphephorum lachnanthum (A.Rich.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum lachnanthum Hochst. ex A.Rich., Tent. Fl. Abyss. 2: 416. 1850.

Graphephorum leoninum (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena leonina Steud., Flora 12: 484. 1829.

Graphephorum longum (Stapf) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena longa Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1897: 292. 1897.

Graphephorum longifolium (Nees) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum longifolium Nees, Fl. Afr. Austral. Ill.: 348. 1841.

Graphephorum mannii (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avenastrum mannii Pilg., Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 9: 520. 1926.

Graphephorum milanjianum (Rendle) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Bromus milanjianus Rendle, Trans. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 4: 59. 1894.

Graphephorum namaquense (Schweick.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Helictotrichon namaquense Schweick., Bothalia 3: 189. 1937.

Graphephorum natalense (Stapf) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Avenastrum caffrum var. natalense Stapf in W.H.Harvey Fl. Cap. 7: 477. 1899; Helictotrichon natalense (Stapf) Schweick., Bothalia 3: 194. 1937.

Graphephorum newtonii (Stapf) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena newtonii Stapf, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1897: 291. 1897.

Graphephorum pirpanjalense (D.Prasad & P.Agnihotri) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetopsis pirpanjalensis D.Prasad & P.Agnihotri, Nordic J. Bot. 39(11)-e03291: 2. 2021.

Graphephorum quinquesetum (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Avena quinqueseta Steud., Flora 12: 485. 1829.

Graphephorum rogerellisii (Mashau et al.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Helictotrichon rogerellisii Mashau, Fish & A.E.Wyk, Bothalia 40: 179. 2010.

Graphephorum roggeveldense (Mashau et al.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Helictotrichon roggeveldense Mashau, Fish & A.E.Wyk, Bothalia 40: 179. 2010.

Graphephorum umbrosum (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum umbrosum Hochst. ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 227. 1854.

Graphephorum virescens (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Trisetum virescens Nees ex Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 226. 1854.

Jarava acuta (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa acuta Swallen, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 30: 212. 1940.

Jarava airoides (Ekman) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa airoides Ekman, Ark. Bot. 11(4): 31. 1912.

Jarava alta (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa alta Swallen, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 56: 79. 1943.

Jarava ambigua (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa ambigua Speg., Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 27. 1925; Jarava ambigua (Speg.) Peñail., Gayana, Bot. 59: 30. 2002, nom. inval. ─ Amelichloa ambigua (Speg.) Arriaga & Barkworth, Sida 22(1): 147. 2006.

Jarava ancoraimensis (F.Rojas) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella ancoraimensis F.Rojas, Gayana, Bot. 54(2): 165 (-166). 1997 publ. 1998.

Jarava arcaensis (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa arcaensis Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 131. 1901.

Jarava arcuata (R.E.Fr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa arcuata R.E.Fr., Nova Acta Regiae Soc. Sci. Upsal., ser. 4, 1(1): 172. 1905.

Jarava arechavaletae (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa arechavaletae Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 85. 1901.

Jarava argentinensis (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa argentinensis Speg., Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 45. 1925.

Jarava arida (M.E.Jones) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa arida M.E.Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 5: 725. 1895.

Jarava arnowiae (S.L.Welsh & N.D.Atwood) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa arnowiae S.L.Welsh & N.D.Atwood, Utah Fl., ed. 3: 799. 2003.

Jarava asplundii (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella asplundii Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 394. 1927.

Jarava ayacuchensis (Tovar) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa ayacuchensis Tovar, Opusc. Bot. Pharm. Complut. 4: 85. 1988.

Jarava barbinodis (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa barbinodis Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 93: 721. 1896.

Jarava brachychaeta (Godr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa brachychaeta Godr., Mém. Sect. Med. Acad. Sci. Montpellier 1: 450. 1853; Jarava brachychaeta (Godr.) Peñail., Gayana, Bot. 59: 30. 2002, nom. inval..

Jarava brachychaetoides (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa brachychaetoides Speg., Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 29. 1925.

Jarava brachyglumis (F.A.Roig) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa brachyglumis F.A.Roig, Fl. San Juan 4: 110. 2009.

Jarava brachyphylla (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa brachyphylla Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 275. 1925.

Jarava bracteata (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa bracteata Swallen, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 30: 213. 1940.

Jarava brasiliensis (A.Zanin & Longhi-Wagner) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa brasiliensis A.Zanin & Longhi-Wagner, Bradea 5: 342. 1990.

Jarava brevipes (É.Desv.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa brevipes É.Desv. in C.Gay Fl. Chil. 6: 282. 1854; Jarava brevipes (É.Desv.) Peñail., Gayana, Bot. 59: 30. 2002, nom. inval..

Jarava burkartii (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa burkartii Torres, Comis. Invest. Ci. 12: 17. 1993.

Jarava cabrerae (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella cabrerae Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 14. 1997, as 'cabrerai'.

Jarava caespitosa (Griseb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella caespitosa Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 19: 258. 1874.

Jarava carettei (Hauman) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa carettei Hauman, Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 29: 399. 1917, as 'carettii'.

Jarava castellanosii (F.A.Roig) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa castellanosii F.A.Roig, Revista Fac. Ci. Agrar. Univ. Nac. Cuyo 12: 82. 1967; Jarava castellanosii (F.A.Roig) Peñail., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 404. 2003, nom. inval..

Jarava catamarcensis (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella catamarcensis Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 17. 1997.

Jarava caudata (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa caudata Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 75. 1830; Jarava caudata (Trin.) Peñail., Gayana, Bot. 59: 30. 2002, nom. inval..

Jarava cernua (Stebbins & Love) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa cernua Stebbins & Love, Madroño 6: 137. 1941.

Jarava chaparensis (F.Rojas) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella chaparensis F.Rojas, Gayana, Bot. 54(2): 167 (-170). 1997.

Jarava charruana (Arechav.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa charruana Arechav., Anales Mus. Nac. Buenos Aires 4: 181. 1895.

Jarava chilensis (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Urachne chilensis Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math., Seconde Pt. Sci. Nat. 3(2): 123. 1834. ─ Nassella chilensis (Trin.) É.Desv., Fl. Chil. [Gay] 6: 267. 1853.

Jarava clandestina (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa clandestina Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 8: 516. 1910.

Jarava constricta (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa constricta Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 244. 1925.

Jarava contracta (B.L.Johnson) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Oryzopsis hymenoides var. contracta B.L.Johnson, Bot. Gaz. 107: 24. 1945; Oryzopsis contracta (B.L.Johnson) Schltr., Brittonia 18: 342. 1967.

Jarava coquimbensis (Matthei) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa coquimbensis Matthei, Gayana, Bot. 13: 35. 1965.

Jarava cordobensis (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa cordobensis Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 141. 1901.

Jarava coronata (Thurb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa coronata Thurb. in S.Watson et al. Bot. California 2: 287. 1880.

Jarava crassiflora (Roseng. & B.R.Arrill.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa crassiflora Roseng. & B.R.Arrill., Bol. Fac. Agron. Univ. Montevideo 72: 30. 1964.

Jarava curamalalensis (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa curamalalensis Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 160. 1901.

Jarava curvifolia (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa curvifolia Swallen, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 23: 456. 1933.

Jarava depauperata (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa depauperata Pilg., Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 123: 23. 1920.

Jarava duriuscula (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa duriuscula Phil., Linnaea 33: 282. 1864.

Jarava editorum (E.Fourn.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa editorum E.Fourn., Mexic. Pl. 2: 75. 1886.

Jarava elata (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Stipa caespitosa var. elata Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4: 119. 1901; Nassella elata (Speg.) Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 20. 1997.

Jarava eminens (Cav.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa eminens Cav., Icon. 5: 42. 1799. ─ Pseudoeriocoma eminens (Cav.) Romasch., PhytoKeys 126: 113. 2019.

Jarava entrerriensis (Burkart) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa entrerriensis Burkart, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 12: 285. 1968.

Jarava fabrisii (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella fabrisii Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 20. 1997.

Jarava famatinensis (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella famatinensis Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 21. 1997.

Jarava filiculmis (Delile) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa filiculmis Delile, Index Seminum (MPU, Monspeliensis) 1849: 7. 1849.

Jarava filifolia (Nees) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa filifolia Nees in C.F.P.Martius Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 379. 1829; Jarava filifolia (Nees) Ciald., Fl. Vasc. Argent. 3(2): 385. 2012, nom. inval..

Jarava formicarum (Delile) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa formicarum Delile, Index Seminum (MPU, Monspeliensis) 1849: 7. 1849.

Jarava gibba (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Piptochaetium gibbum Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 93: 731. 1896.

Jarava gigantea (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Urachne gigantea Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 123. 1854.

Jarava glabripoda (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella glabripoda Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 22. 1997.

Jarava hendersonii (Vasey) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Oryzopsis hendersonii Vasey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 267. 1893.

Jarava hirticulmis (S.L.Hatch et al.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa hirticulmis S.L.Hatch, Valdés-Reyna & Morden, Syst. Bot. 11: 186. 1986.

Jarava hirtifolia (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa hirtifolia Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 285. 1925.

Jarava holwayi (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa holwayi Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 287. 1925.

Jarava huallancaensis (Tovar) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa huallancaensis Tovar, Publ. Mus. Hist. Nat. "Javier Prado", Ser. B, Bot. 33: 11. 1985.

Jarava hunzikeri (Caro) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa hunzikeri Caro, Kurtziana 3: 75. 1966.

Jarava hyalina (Nees) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa hyalina Nees in C.F.P.Martius Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 378. 1829.

Jarava hymenoides (Roem. & Schult.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa hymenoides Roem. & Schult., Syst. Veg., ed. 15 [bis]. 2: 339. 1817. ─ Eriocoma cuspidata Nutt., Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 40. 1818.

Jarava hypsophila (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa hypsophila Speg., Revista Argent. Bot. 1: 33. 1925; Jarava hypsophila (Speg.) Peñail., Gayana, Bot. 59(1): 31. 2002, nom. inval..

Jarava hystricina (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa hystricina Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 115. 1901; Jarava hystricina (Speg.) Peñail., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 405. 2003, nom. inval..

Jarava ibarrensis (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa ibarrensis Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 125. 1816.

Jarava inconspicua (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa inconspicua J.Presl, C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 227. 1830.

Jarava juergensii (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa juergensii Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 314. 1909.

Jarava karstenii (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa karstenii Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 274. 1925.

Jarava lachnophylla (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa lachnophylla Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 67. 1836.

Jarava laevissima (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Piptochaetium laevissimum Phil., Linnaea 33: 280. 1864.

Jarava latiglumis (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa latiglumis Swallen, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 23: 198. 1933.

Jarava lemmonii (Vasey) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Stipa pringlei var. lemmonii Vasey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 3: 55. 1892; Stipa lemmonii (Vasey) Scribn., Circ. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 30: 3. 1901.

Jarava lepida (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa lepida Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 302. 1915.

Jarava leptocoronata (Roseng. & B.R.Arrill.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa leptocoronata Roseng. & B.R.Arrill., Bol. Fac. Agron. Univ. Montevideo 72: 16. 1964.

Jarava leptostachya (Griseb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa leptostachya Griseb., Abh. Königl. Ges. Wiss. Göttingen 24: 299. 1879; Jarava leptostachya (Griseb.) F.Rojas, Gayana, Bot. 54(2): 173. 1997, nom. inval..

Jarava leptothera (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa leptothera Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 133. 1901.

Jarava lettermanii (Vasey) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa lettermanii Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13: 53. 1886.

Jarava leucotricha (Trin. & Rupr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa leptothera Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 133. 1901.

Jarava lobata (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa lobata Swallen, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 23: 199. 1933.

Jarava longicoronata (Roseng. & B.R.Arrill.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa longicoronata Roseng. & B.R.Arrill., Bol. Fac. Agron. Univ. Montevideo 72: 20. 1964.

Jarava longiglumis (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa longiglumis Phil., Linnaea 33: 286. 1864.

Jarava macrathera (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa macrathera Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 93: 720. 1895.

Jarava macrotricha (F.A.Roig) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa macrotricha F.A.Roig, Fl. San Juan 4: 109(-110). 2009.

Jarava manicata (É.Desv.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa manicata É.Desv. in C.Gay Fl. Chil. 6: 288. 1854.

Jarava melanosperma (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa melanosperma J.Presl, C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 226. 1830.

Jarava mexicana (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa mexicana Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 24. 1925.

Jarava meyeniana (Trin. & Rupr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Urachne meyeniana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 20. 1842.

Jarava meyeri (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella meyeri Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 26. 1997.

Jarava mucronata (Kunth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa mucronata Kunth in F.W.H.Humboldt et al. Nov. Gen. Sp. 1: 125. 1816.

Jarava multinodis (Scribn. ex Beal) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa multinodis Scribn. ex Beal, Grass. N. Amer. 2: 222. 1896.

Jarava nardoides (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Danthonia nardoides Phil., Verz. Antofagasta Pfl.: 84. 1891.

Jarava neesiana (Trin. & Rupr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa neesiana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 27. 1842.

Jarava nelsonii (Scribn.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa nelsonii Scribn., Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 11: 46. 1898.

Jarava nevadensis (B.L.Johnson) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa nevadensis B.L.Johnson, Amer. J. Bot. 49: 257. 1962.

Jarava nidulans (Mez) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa nidulans Mez, Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 205. 1921.

Jarava niduloides (Caro) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa niduloides Caro, Kurtziana 3: 86. 1966.

Jarava novari (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella novari Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 29. 1997.

Jarava nubicola (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa nubicola Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 129. 1901.

Jarava nutans (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa nutans Hack., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 7: 315. 1909.

Jarava occidentalis (S.Watson) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa occidentalis Thurb. ex S.Watson, Botany [Fortieth Parallel]: 380. 1871.

Jarava pampagrandensis (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa pampagrandensis Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 158. 1901.

Jarava pampeana (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa pampeana Speg., Contr. Fl. Sierra Vent.: 64. 1896.

Jarava paramilloensis (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa paramilloensis Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 139. 1901.

Jarava parishii (Vasey) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa parishii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 7: 33. 1882.

Jarava parodii (Matthei) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa parodii Matthei, Gayana, Bot. 13: 89. 1965.

Jarava parva (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella parva Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 32. 1997.

Jarava pauciciliata (Roseng. & Izag.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Stipa megapotamica var. pauciciliata Roseng. & Izag., Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 288. 1961; Stipa pauciciliata (Roseng. & Izag.) Roseng., B.R.Arrill. & Izag., Gram. Urug.: 80. 1970.

Jarava perplexa (Hoge & Barkworth) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Achnatherum perplexum Hoge & Barkworth, Phytologia 74: 11. 1993.

Jarava pfisteri (Matthei) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa pfisteri Matthei, Gayana, Bot. 13: 100. 1965.

Jarava philippii (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa philippii Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 125. 1854.

Jarava pinetorum (M.E.Jones) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa pinetorum M.E.Jones, Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 2, 5: 724. 1895.

Jarava pittieri (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa pittieri Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 289. 1925.

Jarava planaltina (A.Zanin & Longhi-Wagner) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa planaltina A.Zanin & Longhi-Wagner, Bradea 5: 344. 1990.

Jarava plumosa (Spreng.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Calamagrostis plumosa Spreng., Syst. Veg., ed. 16. 1: 253. 1824; Jarava plumosa (Spreng.) S.W.L.Jacobs & J.Everett, Telopea 7(3): 301. 1997, nom. inval..

Jarava poeppigiana (Trin. & Rupr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa poeppigiana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 29. 1842.

Jarava pseudoichu (Caro) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa pseudoichu Caro, Kurtziana 3: 103. 1966; Jarava pseudoichu (Caro) F.Rojas, Gayana, Bot. 54(2): 173. 1997, nom. inval..

Jarava pseudopampagrandensis (Caro) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa pseudopampagrandensis Caro, Kurtziana 3: 71. 1966.

Jarava psittacorum (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa psittacorum Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 165. 1901.

Jarava pubiflora (Trin. & Rupr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Urachne pubiflora Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 21. 1842.

Jarava pulchra (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa pulchra Hitchc., Amer. J. Bot. 2: 301. 1915.

Jarava punensis (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella punensis Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 34. 1997.

Jarava pungens (É.Desv.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella pungens É.Desv., Fl. Chil. [Gay] 6: 268. 1853.

Jarava quinqueciliata (Roseng. & Izag.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Stipa nutans var. quinqueciliata Roseng. & Izag., Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 285. 1961; Stipa quinqueciliata (Roseng. & Izag.) A.Zanin & P.Izag., Bradea 6: 206. 1993.

Jarava ragonesei (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella ragonesei Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 35. 1997.

Jarava rhizomata (A.Zanin & Longhi-Wagner) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa rhizomata A.Zanin & Longhi-Wagner, Bradea 5: 345. 1990.

Jarava richardsonii (Link) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa richardsonii Link, Hort. Berol. 2: 245. 1833.

Jarava robusta (Vasey) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Stipa viridula var. robusta Vasey, Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 1: 56. 1890; Stipa robusta (Vasey) Scribn., Bull. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 5: 23. 1897.

Jarava rosengurttii (Chase) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa rosengurttii Chase, J. Washington Acad. Sci. 33: 316. 1943.

Jarava rupestris (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa rupestris Phil., Anales Mus. Nac. Santiago de Chile 8: 81. 1891.

Jarava sanluisensis (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa sanluisensis Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 156. 1901.

Jarava scabrifolia (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa scabrifolia Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 61. 1997; Jarava scabrifolia (Torres) Peñail., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 48: 407. 2003, nom. inval..

Jarava scribneri (Vasey) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa scribneri Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 11: 125. 1884.

Jarava sellowiana (Trin. & Rupr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa sellowiana Trin. & Rupr., Sp. Gram. Stipac.: 28. 1842.

Jarava smithii (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa smithii Hitchc., J. Washington Acad. Sci. 20: 382. 1930.

Jarava soukupii (Tovar) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa soukupii Tovar, Opusc. Bot. Pharm. Complut. 4: 90. 1988.

Jarava spegazzinii (Arechav.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa spegazzinii Arechav., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(1): 68. 1902.

Jarava stuckertii (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa stuckertii Hack., Anales Mus. Nac. Hist. Nat. Buenos Aires 21: 81. 1911.

Jarava subnitida (Roseng. & B.R.Arrill.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa subnitida Roseng. & B.R.Arrill., Bol. Fac. Agron. Univ. Montevideo 72: 25. 1964; Jarava subnitida (Roseng. & B.R.Arrill.) Peñail., Gayana, Bot. 59: 33. 2002, nom. inval..

Jarava swallenii (C.L.Hitchc. & Spellenb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Oryzopsis swallenii C.L.Hitchc. & Spellenb., Brittonia 20: 164. 1968.

Jarava tenuiculmis (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa tenuiculmis Hack., Verh. K. K. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien 65: 75. 1915.

Jarava tenuis (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa tenuis Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 26: 204. 1870.

Jarava tenuissima (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa tenuissima Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 67. 1836..

Jarava thurberiana Piper ex D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Stipa occidentalis Thurb. in C.Wilkes, U.S. Expl. Exped., Phan. 17(2): 483. 1874, non. Jarava occidentalis (S.Watson) D.L.Fu; Stipa thurberiana Piper, Circ. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 27: 10. 1900, nom. nov.

Jarava torquata (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa torquata Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 88. 1901.

Jarava trachyphylla (Henrard) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella trachyphylla Henrard, Meded. Rijks-Herb. 40: 57. 1921.

Jarava trichotoma (Nees) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa trichotoma Nees in C.F.P.Martius Fl. Bras. Enum. Pl. 2: 375. 1829.

Jarava tucumana (Parodi) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa tucumana Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 15: 57. 1948.

Jarava uspallatensis (Speg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa uspallatensis Speg., Anales Mus. Nac. Montevideo 4(2): 120. 1901.

Jarava valdesii (Romasch) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Eriocoma valdesii Hoge ex Romasch., P.M.Peterson & Soreng, PhytoKeys 139: 22. 2020.

Jarava vallsii (A.Zanin & Longhi-Wagner) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa vallsii A.Zanin & Longhi-Wagner, Bradea 5: 346. 1990.

Jarava vargasii (Tovar) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa vargasii Tovar, Phytologia 47: 445. 1981.

Jarava ventanicola (Cabrera & Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa ventanicola Cabrera & Torres, Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 12: 140. 1968.

Jarava viridula (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa viridula Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 67. 1836.

Jarava wallowaensis (J.R.Maze & K.A.Robson) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Achnatherum wallowaense J.R.Maze & K.A.Robson, Madroño 43: 401. 1996.

Jarava webberi (Thurb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Eriocoma webberi Thurb. in S.Watson, Bot. California [W.H.Brewer] 2: 283. 1880.

Jarava wurdackii (Tovar) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Stipa wurdackii Tovar, Phytologia 47: 445. 1981.

Jarava yaviensis (Torres) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Nassella yaviensis Torres, Monogr. Comis. Invest. Ci. Prov. Buenos Aires 13: 39. 1997.

Sclerochloa acroxantha (C.A.Sm. & C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia acroxantha C.A.Sm. & C.E.Hubb., Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1929(3): 86. 1929.

Sclerochloa altaica (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia altaica Tzvelev, Rast. Tsentral. Azii Fasc. 4, 152. 1968.

Sclerochloa andersonii (Swallen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia andersonii Swallen, J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 34: 21. 1944.

Sclerochloa angustata (R.Br.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa angustata R.Br., Chlor. Melvill.: 29. 1823.

Sclerochloa arctica (Hook.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Glyceria arctica Hook., Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 248. 1840.

Sclerochloa argentinensis (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis argentinensis Hack., Ark. Bot. 8(8): 45. 1909.

Sclerochloa arjinshanensis (D.F.Cui) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia arjinshanensis D.F.Cui, Fl. Xinjiangensis 6: 601. 1996.

Sclerochloa banksiensis (Consaul) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia banksiensis Consaul, Novon 18(1): 17 (16-20). 2008.

Sclerochloa biflora (Steud.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Festuca biflora Steud., Syn. Pl. Glumac. 1: 428. 1854.

Sclerochloa blomii (Jansen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia blomii Jansen, Blumea 5: 530. 1945. ─ Puccinellia mendozina (Hack.) Parodi, Revista Argent. Agron. 28: 105. 1962.

Sclerochloa bruggemannii (T.J.Sørensen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia bruggemannii T.J.Sørensen, Natl. Mus. Canada Bull. 135: 80. 1955.

Sclerochloa bulbosa (Grossh.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis bulbosa Grossh., Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 13-14: 36. 1919.

Sclerochloa byrrangensis (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia byrrangensis Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 80. 1971.

Sclerochloa candida (Enustsch. & Gnutikov) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia candida Enustsch. & Gnutikov, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 94(10): 1557 (-1559). 2009.

Sclerochloa chinampoensis (Ohwi) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia chinampoensis Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4(1): 31. 1935.

Sclerochloa choresmica (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis choresmica V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 761. 1934.

Sclerochloa ciliata (Bor) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia ciliata Bor, Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 28: 299. 1968.

Sclerochloa convoluta (Hornem.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa convoluta Hornem., Hort. Bot. Hafn. 2: 953. 1815.

Sclerochloa coreensis (Honda) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia coreensis Honda, J. Fac. Sci. Univ. Tokyo, Sect. 3, Bot. iii. 57. 1930.

Sclerochloa decumbens (A.R.Williams) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia decumbens A.R.Williams, Fl. Australia 44A: 386. 2009.

Sclerochloa degeensis (L.Liu) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia degeensis L.Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 405. 2002.

Sclerochloa diffusa (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis diffusa V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 766. 1934.

Sclerochloa dolicholepis (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis dolicholepis V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 764. 1934.

Sclerochloa fasciculata (Torr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa fasciculata Torr., Fl. N. Middle United States 1: 107. 1823.

Sclerochloa filifolia (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Colpodium filifolium Trin., Bull. Sci. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg 1: 69. 1836.

Sclerochloa florida (D.F.Cui) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia florida D.F.Cui, Fl. Xinjiangensis 6: 600. 1996; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Univ. 17(2): 121. 1997.

Sclerochloa fontana (Portal) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Puccinellia distans subsp. fontana Portal in Glyceria, Puccinellia, Pseudosclerochloa: 77. 2014; Puccinellia fontana (Portal) Amarell & T.Gregor, Kochia 14: 63. 2021.

Sclerochloa foucaudii (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis foucaudii Hack., Bull. Soc. Bot. Rochelaise 15: 47. 1893.

Sclerochloa frigida (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Catabrosa frigida Phil., Fl. Atacam.: 55. 1860.

Sclerochloa gabrieljanae (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia gabrieljanae Tzvelev, Botanika (Minsk) 40: 154. 2011.

Sclerochloa gigantea (Grossh.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis gigantea Grossh., Vĕstn. Tiflissk. Bot. Sada 13-14: 35. 1919.

Sclerochloa glaucescens (Phil.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Catabrosa glaucescens Phil., Anales Univ. Chile 43: 569. 1873.

Sclerochloa gorodkovii (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia gorodkovii Tzvelev, Fl. Arct. URSS 2: 199. 1964.

Sclerochloa groenlandica (T.J.Sørensen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia groenlandica T.J.Sørensen, Meddel. Gronland 136(3): 37, fig. 34, 35, 69, 70. 1953.

Sclerochloa grossheimiana (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia grossheimiana V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 477. 1934.

Sclerochloa hackeliana (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis hackeliana V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 762. 1934.

Sclerochloa harcusiana (A.R.Williams) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia harcusiana A.R.Williams, Fl. Australia 44A: 386. 2009.

Sclerochloa hauptiana (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis hauptiana V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 763. 1934.

Sclerochloa himalaica (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia himalaica Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 66. 1955.

Sclerochloa hispanica (Julià & J.M.Monts.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia hispanica Julià & J.M.Monts., Fontqueria 53: 3. 1999.

Sclerochloa howellii (J.I.Davis) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia howellii J.I.Davis, Madroño 37: 55, fig. 1. 1990.

Sclerochloa iberica (Wolley-Dod) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis iberica Wolley-Dod, J. Bot. 52: 14. 1914.

Sclerochloa intermedia (Schur) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis intermedia Schur, Enum. Pl. Transsilv.: 779. 1866.

Sclerochloa jeholensis (Kitag.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia jeholensis Kitag., Rep. Exped. Manchoukuo Sect. IV, Pt. 4, Index Fl. Jeholensis 102. 1936.

Sclerochloa jenisseiensis (Roshev.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis jenisseiensis Roshev., Izv. Bot. Sada Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 30: 300. 1932.

Sclerochloa kamtschatica (Holmb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia kamtschatica Holmb., Bot. Not. 1927: 208. 1927.

Sclerochloa kashmiriana (Bor) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia kashmiriana Bor, Kew Bull. 8(2): 270. 1953.

Sclerochloa koeieana (Melderis) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia koeieana Melderis, Biol. Skr. 14(4): 7. 1965.

Sclerochloa kuenlunica (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia kuenlunica Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 62. 1955.

Sclerochloa ladakhensis (H.Hartmann) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa ladakhensis H.Hartmann, Candollea 39: 510. 1984.

Sclerochloa ladyginii (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia ladyginii Ivanova ex Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 65. 1955.

Sclerochloa leiolepis (L.Liu) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia leiolepis L.Liu, Fl. Xizang. 5: 126. 1987.

Sclerochloa lemmonii (Vasey) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa lemmonii Vasey, Bot. Gaz. 3: 13. 1878.

Sclerochloa lenensis (Holmb.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Poa sibirica var. lenensis Holmb., Bot. Not. 1927: 207. 1927; Puccinellia lenensis (Holmb.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 80. 1971.

Sclerochloa longior (A.R.Williams) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia longior A.R.Williams, Nuytsia 16(2): 458 (-460). 2007.

Sclerochloa macquariensis (Cheeseman) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Triodia macquariensis Cheeseman, Vasc. Fl. Macquarie Isl.: 34. 1919.

Sclerochloa macranthera (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis macranthera V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 759. 1934.

Sclerochloa macropus (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia macropus V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 489. 1934.

Sclerochloa magellanica (Hook.f.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Catabrosa magellanica Hook.f., Fl. Antarct.: 387. 1847.

Sclerochloa manchuriensis (Ohwi) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia manchuriensis Ohwi, Acta Phytotax. Geobot. 4(1): 31. 1935.

Sclerochloa micrandra (Keng) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Puccinellia distans var. micrandra Keng, Sunyatsenia 6: 58. 1941; Puccinellia micrandra (Keng) Keng & S.L.Chen, Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14(2): 140. 1994.

Sclerochloa micranthera (D.F.Cui) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia micranthera D.F.Cui, Fl. Xinjiangensis 6: 600. 1996; Bull. Bot. Res. North-East. Forest. Univ. 17(2): 125. 1997, as 'microanthera'.

Sclerochloa minuta (Bor) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia minuta Bor, Nytt Mag. Bot. i. 19. 1952.

Sclerochloa multiflora (L.Liu) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia multiflora L.Liu, Fl. Xizang. 5: 123. 1987.

Sclerochloa nana D.L.Fu, sp. nom. nov. Glyceria pumila Macoun ex Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 15: 48. 1888, non Sclerochloa pumila Steud..

Sclerochloa nipponica (Ohwi) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia nipponica Ohwi, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 45: 379. 1931.

Sclerochloa nudiflora (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa nudiflora Hack., Oesterr. Bot. Z. 52: 453. 1902.

Sclerochloa nutkaensis (J.Presl) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa nutkaensis J.Presl in C.B.Presl, Reliq. Haenk. 1: 272. 1830.

Sclerochloa nuttalliana (Schult.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa nuttalliana Schult., Mant. 2: 303. 1824.

Sclerochloa pamirica (Roshev.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Atropis distans f. pamirica Roshev., Trudy Glavn. Bot. Sada 38: 121. 1924; Atropis pamirica (Roshev.) V.I.Krecz., V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 760. 1934.

Sclerochloa parishii (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia parishii Hitchc., Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington 41: 157. 1928.

Sclerochloa parviflora (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis parviflora Hack. in P.K.H.Dusén, Ergebn. Schwed. Exp. Magell. 3(5): 226. 1900. ─ Puccinellia pusilla (Hack.) Parodi, Notas Mus. La Plata, Bot. 2, Bot. no. 11: 15. 1937.

Sclerochloa parvula (Hitchc.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia parvula Hitchc., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 24: 325. 1927.

Sclerochloa pauciramea (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Atropis distans f. pauciramea Hack., Trudy Imp. S.-Peterburgsk. Bot. Sada 21: 422. 1903; Atropis pauciramea (Hack.) V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 760. 1934.

Sclerochloa perlaxa (N.G.Walsh) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Puccinellia stricta var. perlaxa N.G.Walsh, Muelleria 7: 382. 1991; Puccinellia perlaxa (N.G.Walsh) N.G.Walsh & A.R.Williams, Nuytsia 16(2): 464. 2007.

Sclerochloa phryganodes (Trin.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa phryganodes Trin., Mém. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.-Pétersbourg, Sér. 6, Sci. Math. 1: 389. 1830.

Sclerochloa poecilantha (K.Koch) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Festuca poecilantha K.Koch, Linnaea 21: 411. 1848.

Sclerochloa pooides (Hook.f.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Glyceria pooides Stapf ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 348. 1896.

Sclerochloa porsildii (T.J.Sørensen) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia porsildii T.J.Sørensen, Meddel. Grønland 136(3): 35. 1953.

Sclerochloa preslii (Hack.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis preslii Hack., in P.K.H.Dusén, Ergebn. Schwed. Exp. Magell. 3(5): 227. 1900.

Sclerochloa przewalskii (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia przewalskii Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 63. 1955.

Sclerochloa qinghaica (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia qinghaica Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 89(5): 842. 2004.

Sclerochloa raroflorens (Edgar) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia raroflorens Edgar, New Zealand J. Bot. 34(1): 22. 1996.

Sclerochloa roborovskyi (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia roborovskyi Tzvelev, Trudy Bot. Inst. Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R., Rast. Tsentral. Azii 4: 15. 1968; Rast. Tsentral. Azii Fasc. 4, 157. 1968.

Sclerochloa roshevitsiana (Schischk.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis roshevitsiana Schischk., Sist. Zametki Mater. Gerb. Krylova Tomsk. Gosud. Univ. Kuybysheva (3): 1. 1929.

Sclerochloa schischkinii (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia schischkinii Tzvelev, Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 17: 57. 1955.

Sclerochloa sereginii (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia sereginii Tzvelev, Botanika (Minsk) 40: 156. 2011.

Sclerochloa shuanghuensis (L.Liu) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia shuanghuensis L.Liu, Fl. Xizang. 5: 125. 1987.

Sclerochloa sibirica (Holmb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia sibirica Holmb., Bot. Not. 206. 1927.

Sclerochloa simplex (Scribn.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia simplex Scribn., Circ. Div. Agrostol. U.S.D.A. 16: 1. 1899.

Sclerochloa skottsbergii (Pilg.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis skottsbergii Pilg., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 305. 1913.

Sclerochloa stricta (Hook.f.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Glyceria stricta Hook.f., Fl. Nov.-Zel. 1: 304. 1853.

Sclerochloa strictura (L.Liu) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia strictura L.Liu, Fl. Reipubl. Popularis Sin. 9(2): 405. 2002.

Sclerochloa sublaevis (Holmb.) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Puccinellia kamtschatica var. sublaevis Holmb., Bot. Not. 1927: 209. 1927; Puccinellia sublaevis (Holmb.) Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 80. 1971.

Sclerochloa subspicata (V.I.Krecz.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis subspicata V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 760. 1934.

Sclerochloa tenella (Lange) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Glyceria tenella Lange in A.E.Nordenskiöld Vega-Exped. Vetensk. Iakttag. 1: 313. 1882.

Sclerochloa tenuiflora (Griseb.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis tenuiflora Griseb. in C.F.Ledebour Fl. Ross. 4: 389. 1852.

Sclerochloa tenuifolia (Boiss. & Reut.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Glyceria tenuifolia Boiss. & Reut., Pugill. Pl. Afr. Bor. Hispan.: 127. 1852.

Sclerochloa tenuissima (V.I.Krecz) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Atropis tenuissima Litv. ex V.I.Krecz. in V.L.Komarov (ed.), Fl. URSS 2: 765. 1934.

Sclerochloa thomsonii (Hook.f.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Glyceria thomsonii Stapf ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 7: 347. 1896.

Sclerochloa tianschanica (Tzvelev) D.L.Fu, sp. comb. nov. Puccinellia tenuiflora subsp. tianschanica Tzvelev, Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 8: 79. 1971; Puccinellia tianschanica (Tzvelev) Ikonn., Opred. Vyssh. Rast. Badakhshana 80. 1979.

Sclerochloa tzvelevii (Ovchinnikova & Prob.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia tzvelevii Ovchinnikova & Prob., Rast. Mir Aziatsk. Rossii 1(17): 34. 2015.

Sclerochloa vaginata (Lange) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Glyceria vaginata Lange in G.C.Oeder et al. (eds.), Fl. Dan.: t. 2583. 1858.

Sclerochloa vahliana (Liebm.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa vahliana Liebm. in G.C.Oeder et al. (eds.), Fl. Dan.: t. 2401. 1845.

Sclerochloa vassica (A.R.Williams) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia vassica A.R.Williams, Nuytsia 16(2): 460 (-461). 2007.

Sclerochloa vitalii (Yu.E.Alexeev et al.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Puccinellia vitalii Yu.E.Alexeev, Laktionov & Tzvelev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 93(11): 1792 (-1793). 2008.

Sclerochloa walkeri (Kirk) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Poa walkeri Kirk, Trans. & Proc. New Zealand Inst. 17: 224. 1885.

Sclerochloa wrightii (Scribn. & Merr.) D.L.Fu, sp. transl. nov. Colpodium wrightii Scribn. & Merr., Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 13: 74. 1910.

5. Conclusion

When establishing a new genus, the use of inaccurate and unscientific genera as compared taxa can result in a new synonym. By applying the minimum criterion for genus classification by CPCG of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu, which is a crucial and empirically validated scientific tool, it is possible to effectively address the subjectivity and partiality in traditional taxonomy and modern phylogeny. This approach allows for the scientific identification of genus synonyms and resolution of taxonomic nomenclature confusions. Through the application of this minimum criterion, a total of 19 current synonyms have been identified for the five genera: Jarava Ruiz et Pav, Graphephorum Desv., Cinna L., Coleanthus Seidl and Sclerochloa P.Beauv.. Additionally, 10 new specific names along with 406 new specific combinations have been scientifically and validly published in the paper. These publications will establish a solid foundation for evolutionary system research within the order Poales Small.

6. Recommendation

Genus is not only a crucial element in biological taxonomy names, but also a significant rank in evolutionary systems. Therefore, the definition of genus presents a scientific challenge that cannot be overlooked by biological nomenclature, taxonomists, and systematicists. However, there has been no definitive scientific answer or evaluation method. The minimum criterion for defining genera of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu serves as an effective scientific tool for identifying genus synonyms and should be widely promoted and applied. Utilizing the minimum criterion to find and identify genus synonyms, analyzing the causes of synonyms, and making scientifically sound corrections are essential for accurately naming and establishing evolutionary systems of fruit plants. The evolutionary system of the phylum Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu is notably complex, particularly regarding the unique taxonomic traits of the class Scutellopsida D.L.Fu, which poses significant challenges to traditional taxonomy and modern plant phylogeny; moreover, plants within the class are closely linked to human production and daily life. Therefore, it is recommended to continue identifying synonyms of certain plant genera while scientifically combining and publishing their species to lay a solid foundation for accurate application of plant taxonomic names — especially in agriculture and forestry.

7. Correction

Bambusa wenii D.L.Fu, Amer. J. Agr. For. 12(3): 182. 2024, (as 'weni').

Bambusa zengiae D.L.Fu, Amer. J. Agr. For. 12(3): 182. 2024, (as 'zengi').

Dinochloa holttumii D.L.Fu, Amer. J. Agr. For. 12(3): 182. 2024, (as 'holttumi').

Phyllostachys holttii D.L.Fu & H.Fu, Amer. J. Agr. For. 12(2): 95. 2024, (as 'holtti').

Phyllostachys stapletonii D.L.Fu & H.Fu, Amer. J. Agr. For. 12(2): 102. 2024, (as 'stapletoni').

Phyllostachys wenii D.L.Fu & H.Fu, Amer. J. Agr. For. 12(2): 104. 2024, (as 'weni').

Abbreviations

CPCG	Chloroplast Complete Genomes
PHL	Phylogenetic Loci
PHS	Phylogenetic Similarity

Author Contributions

Da-Li Fu is the sole author. The author read and approved the final manuscript.

Conflicts of Interest

The author declares no conflicts of interest.

References

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[16]	Soreng, R. J., Gillespie, L. J., Jacobs, S. W. L. Saxipoa and Sylvipoa – two new genera and a new classification for Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae). Austral. Syst. Bot. 2009, 22: 401–412. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB09003
[17]	Alexeev, E. B. Tzvelevia, Festucella and Hookerochloa. Bulletin of Moscow Society of Naturalists: biological department 1985, 90 (5), 103–106.
[18]	Gillespie, L. J., Soreng, R. J. & Jacobs, S. W. L. Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Poa (Poaceae: Poinae), including molecular evidence for two new genera, Saxipoa and Sylvipoa. Austral. Syst. Bot. 2009, 22: 413–436. https://doi.org/10.1071/SB09016
[19]	Gillespie, L. J., Soreng, R. J., Bull, R. D., Jacobs, S. W. L., Refulio-Rodriguez, N. F. Phylogenetic relationships in subtribe Poinae (Poaceae, Poeae) based on nuclear ITS and plastid trnT-trnL-trnf sequences. Botany 2008, 86, 938-967. https://doi.org/10.1139/B08-076
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[24]	Tkach, N., Schneider, J., Döring, E., Wölk, A., Hochbach, A., Nissen, J. Winterfeld, G., Meyer, S., Gabriel, J., Hoffmann, M. H., Röser M. Phylogenetic lineages and the role of hybridization as driving force of evolution in grass supertribe Poodae. Taxon 2020, 69, 234–277. https://doi.org/10.1002/tax.12204
[25]	Finot, V. L., Peterson, P. M., Soreng, R. J., Zuloaga, F. O. A revision of Trisetum and Graphephorum (Poaceae: Pooideae: Aveninae) in North America North of Mexico. Sida 2005, 21, 1419–1453.
[26]	Barberá, P., Soreng, R. J., Peterson, P. M., Romaschenko, K., Quintanar, A. & Aedo, C. Molecular phylogenetic analysis resolves Trisetum Pers. (Poaceae: Pooideae: Koeleriinae) polyphyletic: Evidence for a new genus, Sibirotrisetum, and resurrection of Acrospelion. J. Syst. Evol. 2020, 58, 517-526. https://doi.org/10.1111/jse.12523
[27]	Saarela, J. M., Bull, R. D., Paradis, M. J., Ebata, S. N., Peterson, P. M., Soreng, R. J. & Paszko, B. Molecular phylogenetics of cool-season grasses in the subtribes Agrostidinae, Anthoxanthinae, Aveninae, Brizinae, Calothecinae, Koeleriinae and Phalaridinae (Poaceae: Pooideae: Poeae: Poeae chloroplast group 1). PhytoKeys 2017, 87, 1–139. https://doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.87.12774
[28]	Fu, D. L., Fu, H. An evolutionary continuity principle for evolutionary system of organism divisions. Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 2018, 6(3), 25-29. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20180603.14
[29]	Fu, D. L. An evolutionary particularity principle for evolutionary system of classes of Fructophyta. Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 2019, 7(5): 191-199. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190705.15
[30]	Fu, D. L. The theory and practice of evolutionomy. Beijing: China Forestry Publishing House; 2020, 1-158.
[31]	Fu, D. L., Fu, H., Qin, Y., Zhou, D. S., Duan, R. M. Analyses of chloroplast genomic and morphological evolutionomy of Yulania subsect. Cylindricae (Magnoliaceae). Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 2019, 7(5), 200-211. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20190705.16
[32]	Fu, D. L., Fu, H., Duan, R. M., Qin, Y. Evolutionary System of Magnoliaceae Based on Chloroplast Genomic and Morphological Evolutionomy. Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 2024, 12(1), 22-50. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241201.14
[33]	Fu, D. L., Fu, H. New Names and New Combinations of Phyllostachys Sieb. & Zucc. (Bambusaceae). Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 2024, 12(2), 87-106. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241202.14
[34]	Fu, D. L. New Names and New Combinations of the Genera of Bambusa, Dinochloa and Guadua (Bambusaceae). Amer. J. Agric. Forest. 2024, 12 (3), 174-184. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241203.14

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Fu, D. (2024). New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 12(4), 242-259. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13

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Fu, D. New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales). Am. J. Agric. For. 2024, 12(4), 242-259. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13

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Fu D. New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales). Am J Agric For. 2024;12(4):242-259. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13,
  author = {Da-Li Fu},
  title = {New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales)
},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {242-259},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20241204.13},
  abstract = {When establishing a new genus, the utilization of incorrect genera or mere synonyms as comparative taxa will inevitably result in the emergence of a new synonym and leading to new taxonomic confusions. However, both traditional taxonomy and modern phylogeny have limitations in their objectivity and impartiality when it comes to accurately identifying taxa for scientific comparison. In order to scientifically identify the genus synonyms and resolving the taxonomic nomenclature confusions within three families of Stipaceae Burnett, Avenaceae Martinov and Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnh (Poales Small), using the minimum criterion PHS (phylogenetic similarity) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus classification by CPCG (chloroplast complete genomes) of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu, total 19 current synonyms of the five genera of Jarava Ruiz et Pav, Graphephorum Desv., Cinna L., Coleanthus Seidl and Sclerochloa P.Beauv. have been identified, 4 current synonyms of the genus Jarava Ruiz et Pav including Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, Eriocoma Nutt., Nassella (Trin.) É.Desv. and Pseudoeriocoma Romasch. et al., 6 current synonyms of the genus Graphephorum Desv. being Cinnagrostis Griseb., Leptophyllochloa C.E.Calderón ex Nicora, Limnodea Dewey, Peyritschia E.Fourn., Sphenopholis Scribn. and Trisetopsis Röser & A.Wölk, 7 current synonyms of the genus Cinna L. being Aniselytron Merr., Arctagrostis Griseb., Dupontia R.Br., Festucella E.B.Alexeev, Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev, Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie, Saxipoa Soreng et al. and Sylvipoa Soreng, 1 current synonym of the genus Coleanthus Seidl being Phippsia (Trin.) R.Br and 1 current synonym of the genus Sclerochloa P.Beauv. being Puccinellia Parl.. Additionally, 10 new specific names such as Jarava thurberiana Piper ex D.L.Fu, Graphephorum prasinum D.L.Fu and Cinna trinii D.L.Fu, along with 406 new specific combinations like Jarava acuta (Swallen) D.L.Fu, Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) D.L.Fu, Coleanthus algidus (Sol.) D.L.Fu and Sclerochloa acroxantha (C.A.Sm. & C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu have been scientifically and validly published. These publications will effectively resolve taxonomic nomenclature confusions in a scientific manner and establish a solid foundation for evolutionary system research within the order Poales Small.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales)

AU  - Da-Li Fu
Y1  - 2024/07/04
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 242
EP  - 259
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13
AB  - When establishing a new genus, the utilization of incorrect genera or mere synonyms as comparative taxa will inevitably result in the emergence of a new synonym and leading to new taxonomic confusions. However, both traditional taxonomy and modern phylogeny have limitations in their objectivity and impartiality when it comes to accurately identifying taxa for scientific comparison. In order to scientifically identify the genus synonyms and resolving the taxonomic nomenclature confusions within three families of Stipaceae Burnett, Avenaceae Martinov and Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnh (Poales Small), using the minimum criterion PHS (phylogenetic similarity) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus classification by CPCG (chloroplast complete genomes) of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu, total 19 current synonyms of the five genera of Jarava Ruiz et Pav, Graphephorum Desv., Cinna L., Coleanthus Seidl and Sclerochloa P.Beauv. have been identified, 4 current synonyms of the genus Jarava Ruiz et Pav including Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, Eriocoma Nutt., Nassella (Trin.) É.Desv. and Pseudoeriocoma Romasch. et al., 6 current synonyms of the genus Graphephorum Desv. being Cinnagrostis Griseb., Leptophyllochloa C.E.Calderón ex Nicora, Limnodea Dewey, Peyritschia E.Fourn., Sphenopholis Scribn. and Trisetopsis Röser & A.Wölk, 7 current synonyms of the genus Cinna L. being Aniselytron Merr., Arctagrostis Griseb., Dupontia R.Br., Festucella E.B.Alexeev, Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev, Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie, Saxipoa Soreng et al. and Sylvipoa Soreng, 1 current synonym of the genus Coleanthus Seidl being Phippsia (Trin.) R.Br and 1 current synonym of the genus Sclerochloa P.Beauv. being Puccinellia Parl.. Additionally, 10 new specific names such as Jarava thurberiana Piper ex D.L.Fu, Graphephorum prasinum D.L.Fu and Cinna trinii D.L.Fu, along with 406 new specific combinations like Jarava acuta (Swallen) D.L.Fu, Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) D.L.Fu, Coleanthus algidus (Sol.) D.L.Fu and Sclerochloa acroxantha (C.A.Sm. & C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu have been scientifically and validly published. These publications will effectively resolve taxonomic nomenclature confusions in a scientific manner and establish a solid foundation for evolutionary system research within the order Poales Small.

VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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Author Information

Da-Li Fu

Research Institute of Non-Timber Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Zhengzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Non-Timber Forest Germplasm Enhancement & Utilization of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Zhengzhou, China

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8107-0745

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APA Style

Fu, D. (2024). New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 12(4), 242-259. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13

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ACS Style

Fu, D. New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales). Am. J. Agric. For. 2024, 12(4), 242-259. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13

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AMA Style

Fu D. New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales). Am J Agric For. 2024;12(4):242-259. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13,
  author = {Da-Li Fu},
  title = {New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales)
},
  journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
  volume = {12},
  number = {4},
  pages = {242-259},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20241204.13},
  abstract = {When establishing a new genus, the utilization of incorrect genera or mere synonyms as comparative taxa will inevitably result in the emergence of a new synonym and leading to new taxonomic confusions. However, both traditional taxonomy and modern phylogeny have limitations in their objectivity and impartiality when it comes to accurately identifying taxa for scientific comparison. In order to scientifically identify the genus synonyms and resolving the taxonomic nomenclature confusions within three families of Stipaceae Burnett, Avenaceae Martinov and Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnh (Poales Small), using the minimum criterion PHS (phylogenetic similarity) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus classification by CPCG (chloroplast complete genomes) of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu, total 19 current synonyms of the five genera of Jarava Ruiz et Pav, Graphephorum Desv., Cinna L., Coleanthus Seidl and Sclerochloa P.Beauv. have been identified, 4 current synonyms of the genus Jarava Ruiz et Pav including Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, Eriocoma Nutt., Nassella (Trin.) É.Desv. and Pseudoeriocoma Romasch. et al., 6 current synonyms of the genus Graphephorum Desv. being Cinnagrostis Griseb., Leptophyllochloa C.E.Calderón ex Nicora, Limnodea Dewey, Peyritschia E.Fourn., Sphenopholis Scribn. and Trisetopsis Röser & A.Wölk, 7 current synonyms of the genus Cinna L. being Aniselytron Merr., Arctagrostis Griseb., Dupontia R.Br., Festucella E.B.Alexeev, Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev, Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie, Saxipoa Soreng et al. and Sylvipoa Soreng, 1 current synonym of the genus Coleanthus Seidl being Phippsia (Trin.) R.Br and 1 current synonym of the genus Sclerochloa P.Beauv. being Puccinellia Parl.. Additionally, 10 new specific names such as Jarava thurberiana Piper ex D.L.Fu, Graphephorum prasinum D.L.Fu and Cinna trinii D.L.Fu, along with 406 new specific combinations like Jarava acuta (Swallen) D.L.Fu, Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) D.L.Fu, Coleanthus algidus (Sol.) D.L.Fu and Sclerochloa acroxantha (C.A.Sm. & C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu have been scientifically and validly published. These publications will effectively resolve taxonomic nomenclature confusions in a scientific manner and establish a solid foundation for evolutionary system research within the order Poales Small.
},
 year = {2024}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - New Names and New Combinations of Jarava, Cinna, Coleanthus, Sclerochloa and Graphephorum (Poales)

AU  - Da-Li Fu
Y1  - 2024/07/04
PY  - 2024
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13
T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
SP  - 242
EP  - 259
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-8591
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20241204.13
AB  - When establishing a new genus, the utilization of incorrect genera or mere synonyms as comparative taxa will inevitably result in the emergence of a new synonym and leading to new taxonomic confusions. However, both traditional taxonomy and modern phylogeny have limitations in their objectivity and impartiality when it comes to accurately identifying taxa for scientific comparison. In order to scientifically identify the genus synonyms and resolving the taxonomic nomenclature confusions within three families of Stipaceae Burnett, Avenaceae Martinov and Poaceae (R.Br.) Barnh (Poales Small), using the minimum criterion PHS (phylogenetic similarity) ≤ 0.928 (inter genera) for genus classification by CPCG (chloroplast complete genomes) of Fructophyta D.L.Fu & H.Fu, total 19 current synonyms of the five genera of Jarava Ruiz et Pav, Graphephorum Desv., Cinna L., Coleanthus Seidl and Sclerochloa P.Beauv. have been identified, 4 current synonyms of the genus Jarava Ruiz et Pav including Amelichloa Arriaga & Barkworth, Eriocoma Nutt., Nassella (Trin.) É.Desv. and Pseudoeriocoma Romasch. et al., 6 current synonyms of the genus Graphephorum Desv. being Cinnagrostis Griseb., Leptophyllochloa C.E.Calderón ex Nicora, Limnodea Dewey, Peyritschia E.Fourn., Sphenopholis Scribn. and Trisetopsis Röser & A.Wölk, 7 current synonyms of the genus Cinna L. being Aniselytron Merr., Arctagrostis Griseb., Dupontia R.Br., Festucella E.B.Alexeev, Hookerochloa E.B.Alexeev, Nicoraepoa Soreng & L.J.Gillespie, Saxipoa Soreng et al. and Sylvipoa Soreng, 1 current synonym of the genus Coleanthus Seidl being Phippsia (Trin.) R.Br and 1 current synonym of the genus Sclerochloa P.Beauv. being Puccinellia Parl.. Additionally, 10 new specific names such as Jarava thurberiana Piper ex D.L.Fu, Graphephorum prasinum D.L.Fu and Cinna trinii D.L.Fu, along with 406 new specific combinations like Jarava acuta (Swallen) D.L.Fu, Graphephorum cernuum (Trin.) D.L.Fu, Coleanthus algidus (Sol.) D.L.Fu and Sclerochloa acroxantha (C.A.Sm. & C.E.Hubb.) D.L.Fu have been scientifically and validly published. These publications will effectively resolve taxonomic nomenclature confusions in a scientific manner and establish a solid foundation for evolutionary system research within the order Poales Small.

VL  - 12
IS  - 4
ER  -

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