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Biophysical Characterisation of Baobab Parks in Middle and Upper Casamance in Southern Senegal

Received: 4 October 2021     Accepted: 22 October 2021     Published: 5 November 2021
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Abstract

In the middle and upper Casamance, the products of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) make an important contribution to the lives of the population. However, information on the status of baobab populations in this area is insufficient. The aim of this study is to characterise the baobab parks in this area from a biophysical point of view. To do this, the sample involved 756 baobab trees, 89 of which were in hut parks, 223 in villages and 444 in the bush. The parameters assessed on each baobab tree were circumference at 1.3m, total height, crown diameter, number of primary branches, distance between individuals, level of fruiting and signs of anthropisation. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance with the ANOVA test followed by the Student Newman Keuls test at the 05% threshold. The results showed a significant difference (Pvalue <0.05) between parks for each parameter except circumference at 1.3m. The village parks had the highest values for circumference at 1.3m (5.27±2.12m), for crown diameter (14.06±6.62m) and for distance between baobabs (19.12±8m). On the other hand, the tallest baobabs (37.79±8.93m) with the highest number of primary branches (22±14) are observed in the bush parks. According to the structural analysis, the majority of the parks (<50%) have large baobabs. The hut and village parks are dominated by the height and diameter classes of [25-35] m and [5-10] m respectively. On the other hand, in the bush parks, the most represented baobabs are found in the height <35m and diameter [1-5] m classes. Furthermore, the results on fruiting showed that bush parks have more baobabs with a high level of fruiting. Also, concerning anthropisation, high rates (more than 52% of baobabs) were noted for each type of park. These results show an ageing baobab population threatened by strong anthropic pressure. Thus, efforts should be made to ensure the survival of these baobab populations, which are essential to the life of local populations, through better management.

Published in American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry (Volume 9, Issue 6)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11
Page(s) 334-341
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2021. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Park Types, Characterisation, Anthropisation, Fruiting, Management, Middle and Upper Casamance

References
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[2] GANABA, S., OUADBA, J. M., BOGNOUNOU, O. (2002). Utilisation des ressources végétales spontanées comme complément alimentaire en Région sahélienne du Burkina Faso [Use of spontaneous plant resources as a food supplement in the Sahel region of Burkina Faso]. Annales de Botanique de l'Afrique de l'Ouest, 02: 101-111.
[3] CISSE, M. ET GNING, F. (2013). Les parcs agroforestiers à Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) en Moyenne et Haute Casamance: opportunités et contraintes [Agroforestry parks with Adansonia digitata L. (Baobab) in Middle and Upper Casamance: opportunities and constraints]. Mémoire de licence, Université Assane SECK de Ziguinchor, 40pp.
[4] SIDIBE, M., WILLIAMS, J. T. (2002). Baobab. Adansonia digitata L. International Centre for under utilised Crops, Southampton, UK.
[5] BOFFA, J. (2000). Les parcs agroforestiers de l’Afrique subsaharienne [Agroforestry parks in sub-Saharan Africa]. Rome: FAO, 258p.
[6] BATIONO, B. A., LAMIEN, N., DEMERS, N., KANDJI, S. (2009). Culture du baobab Adansonia digitata L. (Bombacaceae) en planche maraichère: une méthode pour simplifier sa récolte et favoriser sa propagation au Sahel [Cultivation of the baobab Adansonia digitata L. (Bombacaceae) in market gardens: a method to simplify its harvesting and promote its propagation in the Sahel]. Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, 299: 79-86.
[7] BATIONO, B. A., MAÏGA, A., COMPAORE, P., KALINGANIR, A. (2010). Dimension socioculturelle du baobab Adansonia digitata L. dans le plateau central du Bukina Faso [Socio-cultural dimension of the baobab Adansonia digitata L. in the central plateau of Bukina Faso] in Bois et Forêts des tropiques, 2010, N°306 (4), 23-32p.
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[9] ASSOGBADJO, A. E. et LOO, J. (2011). Adansonia digitata L., baobab. Conservation et utilisation durable des ressources génétiques des espèces ligneuses alimentaires prioritaires de l’Afrique subsaharienne [Conservation and sustainable use of genetic resources of priority woody food species in sub-Saharan Africa]. Bioversity International (Rome, Italie), 12p.
[10] NIKIEMA, R. (1996). Commercialisation des produits alimentaires et forestiers provenant des parcs agroforestiers: cas des marchés de Zitenga et Yako au Burkina Faso [Marketing of food and forest products from agroforestry parks: the case of Zitenga and Yako markets in Burkina Faso]. In E. G. Bonkoungou, E. T. Ayuk & I. Issaka, eds. Les parcs agroforestiers des zones semi-arides d'Afrique de l'Quest, p. 31–45. Actes du séminaire international, ICRAF/IRBET/CILSS/LTC, Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso, 25–27 Oct. 1993. Nairobi, Centre international pour la recherche en agroforesterie (ICRAF).
[11] SANOGO, D. (2015). Etat actuel des peuplements de baobabs (Adansonia digitata L.) au Sénégal: Statut écologique, potentiel de production et approches participatives supportant sa domestication [Current status of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) stands in Senegal: ecological status, production potential and participatory approaches supporting its domestication]. Thèse unique Université Cheikh Anta Diop.
[12] MBAYE, T., DIA, D., TOURE, K., FAYE, N. F., SY, M. R., MANGA, A., SOW, M., DIALLO, A., SARR, M. N., DIOUF, A. (2016a) Stratégies de gestion durable des PFNL face aux menaces sur la ressource: cas des Régions de Tambacounda et de Kédougou au Sénégal [Strategies for the sustainable management of NTFPs in the face of threats to the resource: the case of the regions of Tambacounda and Kédougou in Senegal], Revue Science et Technique, Spécial hors-série n° 3 — Décembre 2016 — ISSN 1011-6028.
[13] NIANG, A., YOSSI, H. (2000). Le jardin de baobab à Ségou [The baobab garden in Segou]. L’indépendant. 340. 1 p.
[14] BATIONO, B., COMPAORE, A. et NIANG, A. (2004). Les parcs à baobab dans le Plateau Central du Burkina Faso: structure et contraintes socioculturelles à la régénération [Baobab parks in the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso: structure and socio-cultural constraints to regeneration] in Leçons tirées des expériences de lutte contre la désertification au Sahel: Actes des travaux de l’Atelier sous-Régional d’échange et de réflexion organisé par le Centre de recherches pour le développement international (CRDI), 12-16 juillet 2004, Saly Portudal, Sénégal; 72-79pp.
[15] DOSSA, K., TONI H., AZONANHOUN, P., DJOSSA, A. B. (2015). Caractérisation de quelques peuplements naturels de Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) et des pressions subies dans les différentes zones chorologiques du Bénin [Characterization of some natural stands of Baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) and the pressures suffered in the different chorological zones of Benin]. Journal of Applied Biosciences 93: 8760-8769.
[16] JANSEN, D. H. (1970). Hernivore and the Number of Tree Species in Tropical Forests. American Naturalist 104: 940.
[17] CONNELL, J. H. (1971). "On the role of natural enemies in preventing competitive exclusion in some marine animals and in rain forest trees." In: Dynamics of Population. Ed. P. J. Den Boer and G. R. Gradwell. Wageningen: Pudoc. Wageningen, The Netherlands.
[18] SANOGO, D., TAMBA, A. (2012). Inventaire des Parcs de Baobab et du potentiel pain de singe dans les CR de KOUSSANAR et BALA dans la Région de Tambacounda et la CR de DAR SALAM dans la Région de Kédougou [Inventory of Baobab Parks and fruit potential in the communes of KOUSSANAR and BALA in the Tambacounda Region and the commune of DAR SALAM in the Kédougou Region].
[19] TASSIN, J. (2010). Baobabs: un genre particulier [Baobabs: a special kind] in Bois et Forêts des tropiques, 2010, N°306 (4), 4-5p.
[20] THIOMBIANO, D. N. E., LAMIEN, N., DIBONG, S. D., BOUSSIN, I. J. (2010). Etat des peuplements des espèces ligneuses de soudure des Communes rurales de Pobé-Mengao et de Nobéré (Burkina Faso) [State of the stands of woody species in the rural communities of Pobé-Mengao and Nobéré (Burkina Faso)]. Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. Vol. 9, Issue 1: 1104-1116.
[21] SAVARD, V. (2003). Evaluation du potentiel d’adoption des parcelles maraîchères de baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) dans la Région de Ségou, au Mali [Evaluation of the adoption potential of baobab (Adansonia digitata L.) market garden plots in the Segou Region, Mali)], mémoire de Master Université de Laval, Octobre 2003. 127p.
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    Tamsir Mbaye, Ababacar Ndiaye, Marième Fall Ba, Dioumacor Fall, Daouda Ngom. (2021). Biophysical Characterisation of Baobab Parks in Middle and Upper Casamance in Southern Senegal. American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 9(6), 334-341. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11

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    Tamsir Mbaye; Ababacar Ndiaye; Marième Fall Ba; Dioumacor Fall; Daouda Ngom. Biophysical Characterisation of Baobab Parks in Middle and Upper Casamance in Southern Senegal. Am. J. Agric. For. 2021, 9(6), 334-341. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11

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    AMA Style

    Tamsir Mbaye, Ababacar Ndiaye, Marième Fall Ba, Dioumacor Fall, Daouda Ngom. Biophysical Characterisation of Baobab Parks in Middle and Upper Casamance in Southern Senegal. Am J Agric For. 2021;9(6):334-341. doi: 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11,
      author = {Tamsir Mbaye and Ababacar Ndiaye and Marième Fall Ba and Dioumacor Fall and Daouda Ngom},
      title = {Biophysical Characterisation of Baobab Parks in Middle and Upper Casamance in Southern Senegal},
      journal = {American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry},
      volume = {9},
      number = {6},
      pages = {334-341},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajaf.20210906.11},
      abstract = {In the middle and upper Casamance, the products of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) make an important contribution to the lives of the population. However, information on the status of baobab populations in this area is insufficient. The aim of this study is to characterise the baobab parks in this area from a biophysical point of view. To do this, the sample involved 756 baobab trees, 89 of which were in hut parks, 223 in villages and 444 in the bush. The parameters assessed on each baobab tree were circumference at 1.3m, total height, crown diameter, number of primary branches, distance between individuals, level of fruiting and signs of anthropisation. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance with the ANOVA test followed by the Student Newman Keuls test at the 05% threshold. The results showed a significant difference (Pvalue <0.05) between parks for each parameter except circumference at 1.3m. The village parks had the highest values for circumference at 1.3m (5.27±2.12m), for crown diameter (14.06±6.62m) and for distance between baobabs (19.12±8m). On the other hand, the tallest baobabs (37.79±8.93m) with the highest number of primary branches (22±14) are observed in the bush parks. According to the structural analysis, the majority of the parks (<50%) have large baobabs. The hut and village parks are dominated by the height and diameter classes of [25-35] m and [5-10] m respectively. On the other hand, in the bush parks, the most represented baobabs are found in the height <35m and diameter [1-5] m classes. Furthermore, the results on fruiting showed that bush parks have more baobabs with a high level of fruiting. Also, concerning anthropisation, high rates (more than 52% of baobabs) were noted for each type of park. These results show an ageing baobab population threatened by strong anthropic pressure. Thus, efforts should be made to ensure the survival of these baobab populations, which are essential to the life of local populations, through better management.},
     year = {2021}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Biophysical Characterisation of Baobab Parks in Middle and Upper Casamance in Southern Senegal
    AU  - Tamsir Mbaye
    AU  - Ababacar Ndiaye
    AU  - Marième Fall Ba
    AU  - Dioumacor Fall
    AU  - Daouda Ngom
    Y1  - 2021/11/05
    PY  - 2021
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11
    T2  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JF  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    JO  - American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
    SP  - 334
    EP  - 341
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8591
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajaf.20210906.11
    AB  - In the middle and upper Casamance, the products of the baobab tree (Adansonia digitata L.) make an important contribution to the lives of the population. However, information on the status of baobab populations in this area is insufficient. The aim of this study is to characterise the baobab parks in this area from a biophysical point of view. To do this, the sample involved 756 baobab trees, 89 of which were in hut parks, 223 in villages and 444 in the bush. The parameters assessed on each baobab tree were circumference at 1.3m, total height, crown diameter, number of primary branches, distance between individuals, level of fruiting and signs of anthropisation. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance with the ANOVA test followed by the Student Newman Keuls test at the 05% threshold. The results showed a significant difference (Pvalue <0.05) between parks for each parameter except circumference at 1.3m. The village parks had the highest values for circumference at 1.3m (5.27±2.12m), for crown diameter (14.06±6.62m) and for distance between baobabs (19.12±8m). On the other hand, the tallest baobabs (37.79±8.93m) with the highest number of primary branches (22±14) are observed in the bush parks. According to the structural analysis, the majority of the parks (<50%) have large baobabs. The hut and village parks are dominated by the height and diameter classes of [25-35] m and [5-10] m respectively. On the other hand, in the bush parks, the most represented baobabs are found in the height <35m and diameter [1-5] m classes. Furthermore, the results on fruiting showed that bush parks have more baobabs with a high level of fruiting. Also, concerning anthropisation, high rates (more than 52% of baobabs) were noted for each type of park. These results show an ageing baobab population threatened by strong anthropic pressure. Thus, efforts should be made to ensure the survival of these baobab populations, which are essential to the life of local populations, through better management.
    VL  - 9
    IS  - 6
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • National Centre for Forestry Research of the Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research, Dakar, Senegal

  • Agroforestry Department, Assane Seck University, Ziguinchor, Senegal

  • National Centre for Forestry Research of the Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research, Dakar, Senegal

  • National Centre for Forestry Research of the Senegalese Institute for Agricultural Research, Dakar, Senegal

  • Plant Biology Department, Cheikh Anta Diop University, Dakar, Senegal

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