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Equilibrium and Kinetics Behavior of Oil Spill Process onto Synthesized Nano-Activated Carbon

Received: 8 January 2015     Accepted: 10 January 2015     Published: 23 January 2015
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Abstract

Oil spills were removed from polluted wastewater using synthetic nano-activated carbon that prepared through the alkaline activation of water hyacinth roots followed by zinc chloride treatment prior to its carbonization. The prepared nano-activated carbon attains high oil sorption capacity of 28.31 g oil/ g sorbent and no water pickup. The SEM examination of the prepared activated carbon investigates its spherical morphological structure with average diameter of 60nm. The different processing parameters affecting on the oil sorption onto the prepared nano-activated carbon were optimized. The maximum oil sorption capacity of 30.2 g oil/g activated carbon has been recorded after 60 min sorption time using 10 g from the prepared nano-activated carbon at initial oil film thickness of 1 mm. The oil sorption data recorded at equilibrium conditions have been analyzed using the linear forms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models and the applicability of these isotherm equations to the sorption system was compared by judging the correlation coefficients, R2. It was established that the equilibrium isotherm models applicability follows the order of: Freundlich< Langmuir< Dubinin-Radushkevich for the oil sorption onto activated carbon. Accordingly, the oil sorption process at equilibrium may be described mainly using both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms. These results give prediction that the oil sorption process takes place onto nano-activated carbon as mono-layer coverage with some degree of heterogeneity. The kinetics of the oil sorption process was modeled using four kinetic models namely pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The pseudo second-order model yielded the highest R2 value of 0.9933. So, the kinetics of the oil sorption process onto the prepared nano-activated carbon may be described as second-order, which reveals that the main oil adsorption mechanism is probably chemisorption reaction.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 3-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Technology for Environmental Aspects

DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14
Page(s) 22-30
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2015. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nano-Activated Carbon, Oil Spills, Sorption Isotherms, Kinetic Modeling

References
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[3] Teas, C., Kalligeros, S., Zanikos, F., Stoumas, S., Lois, E., and Anastopoulos, G., “Investigation of the Efectiveness of Absorbent Materials in Oil Spills Cleanup”, Desalination, N140, PP. 259-264, 2001.
[4] Madkour, R. A., International Journal of Energy and Environment, Vol. 2, N1, 2008.
[5] Wardley-Smith J., “The Control of Oil Pollution”, Graham and Trotman Publication, London, 1983.
[6] National Research Council (NRC), “Using Oil Spill Dispersants on the Sea”, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1989.
[7] http://www.epa.gov/oilspill/sorbents.htm.
[8] Riazi, M.R., and AL-Enezi, G.A., “Modeling of the Rate of Oil Spill Disappearance from Seawater for Kuwaiti Crude and its Products”, Chemical Engineering Journal, Vol. 73, N2, PP. 161-172, 1999.
[9] Adamson, A.W., “Physical Chemistry of Surfaces”, (5th edition), Wiley Journal, New York, PP. 662, 1990.
[10] Ali N., Chaudhary B.L., and Khandelwal S.K., “Better Use of Water Hyacinth for Fuel, Manure and Pollution Free Environment”, Indian Journal Environ, 2004.
[11] Bansal, R.C., Vastola, F.J., and Walker, P.L., “Carbon journal”, Vol. 9, N185, 1971.
[12] Toles, C.A., Marshall, W.E., and Johns, M.M., “Granular Activated Carbons from Nutshells for the Uptake of Metals and Organic Compounds”, Vol. 35, N9, PP. 1407-1414, 1997.
[13] Elkady, M.F., Hussein, M.M., and Salama, M.M., “Synthesis and characterization of nano-activated carbon from el maghara coal, Sinai, Egypt to be utilized for wastewater Purification”, American Journal of Applied Chemistry, Vol.3, PP. 1-7, 2015.
[14] Elkady, M.F., Hussein, M.M., and Abou-rady, R., “Extraction of Nano-activated Carbon from Water Hyacinth as Adsorbent Material for Oil Spills Treatment", Batholia Journal, Vol. 44, (2014), 115-138.
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[16] Abd El-Latif, M.M., and Elkady, M.F., “Kinetic study and thermodynamic behavior for removing cesium, cobalt and nickel ions from aqueous solution using nano-zirconium vanadate ion exchanger”, Desalination, Vol. 271, PP. 41-54, 2011.
[17] Jianlong, W., Xinmin, Z., Decai, D., and Ding, Z., “Bioadsorption of Lead (II) from Aqueous Solution by Fungal Biomass of Aspergillus niger”, Journal of Biotechnology, Vol. 87, 2001.
[18] Elkady, M.F., EL-Sayed, E.M., Farag, H.A. and Zaatout, A.A., “Assessment of novel synthetized nano-zirconium tungstovanadate as cation exchanger for Lead ion decontamination”, Journal of Nanomaterials, PP. 1-11, 2014.
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[21] Shokry, H.H., El-Kady, M.F., El-Shazly, A., and Bamufleh, H., “Formulation of Synthesized Zinc Oxide Nano-Powder into Hybrid Beads for Dye Separation”, Journal of Nanomaterials, PP. 1-4, 2014.
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  • APA Style

    M. F. Elkady, Mohamed Hussien, Reham Abou-rady. (2015). Equilibrium and Kinetics Behavior of Oil Spill Process onto Synthesized Nano-Activated Carbon. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(3-1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14

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    ACS Style

    M. F. Elkady; Mohamed Hussien; Reham Abou-rady. Equilibrium and Kinetics Behavior of Oil Spill Process onto Synthesized Nano-Activated Carbon. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2015, 3(3-1), 22-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14

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    AMA Style

    M. F. Elkady, Mohamed Hussien, Reham Abou-rady. Equilibrium and Kinetics Behavior of Oil Spill Process onto Synthesized Nano-Activated Carbon. Am J Appl Chem. 2015;3(3-1):22-30. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14,
      author = {M. F. Elkady and Mohamed Hussien and Reham Abou-rady},
      title = {Equilibrium and Kinetics Behavior of Oil Spill Process onto Synthesized Nano-Activated Carbon},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3-1},
      pages = {22-30},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.s.2015030301.14},
      abstract = {Oil spills were removed from polluted wastewater using synthetic nano-activated carbon that prepared through the alkaline activation of water hyacinth roots followed by zinc chloride treatment prior to its carbonization. The prepared nano-activated carbon attains high oil sorption capacity of 28.31 g oil/ g sorbent and no water pickup. The SEM examination of the prepared activated carbon investigates its spherical morphological structure with average diameter of 60nm. The different processing parameters affecting on the oil sorption onto the prepared nano-activated carbon were optimized. The maximum oil sorption capacity of 30.2 g oil/g activated carbon has been recorded after 60 min sorption time using 10 g from the prepared nano-activated carbon at initial oil film thickness of 1 mm. The oil sorption data recorded  at equilibrium conditions have been analyzed using the linear forms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models and the applicability of these isotherm equations to the sorption system was compared by judging the correlation coefficients, R2. It was established that the equilibrium isotherm models applicability follows the order of: Freundlich< Langmuir< Dubinin-Radushkevich for the oil sorption onto activated carbon. Accordingly, the oil sorption process at equilibrium may be described mainly using both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms.  These results give prediction that the oil sorption process takes place onto nano-activated carbon as mono-layer coverage with some degree of heterogeneity. The kinetics of the oil sorption process was modeled using four kinetic models namely pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The pseudo second-order model yielded the highest R2 value of 0.9933. So, the kinetics of the oil sorption process onto the prepared nano-activated carbon may be described as second-order, which reveals that the main oil adsorption mechanism is probably chemisorption reaction.},
     year = {2015}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Equilibrium and Kinetics Behavior of Oil Spill Process onto Synthesized Nano-Activated Carbon
    AU  - M. F. Elkady
    AU  - Mohamed Hussien
    AU  - Reham Abou-rady
    Y1  - 2015/01/23
    PY  - 2015
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 22
    EP  - 30
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.14
    AB  - Oil spills were removed from polluted wastewater using synthetic nano-activated carbon that prepared through the alkaline activation of water hyacinth roots followed by zinc chloride treatment prior to its carbonization. The prepared nano-activated carbon attains high oil sorption capacity of 28.31 g oil/ g sorbent and no water pickup. The SEM examination of the prepared activated carbon investigates its spherical morphological structure with average diameter of 60nm. The different processing parameters affecting on the oil sorption onto the prepared nano-activated carbon were optimized. The maximum oil sorption capacity of 30.2 g oil/g activated carbon has been recorded after 60 min sorption time using 10 g from the prepared nano-activated carbon at initial oil film thickness of 1 mm. The oil sorption data recorded  at equilibrium conditions have been analyzed using the linear forms of Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models and the applicability of these isotherm equations to the sorption system was compared by judging the correlation coefficients, R2. It was established that the equilibrium isotherm models applicability follows the order of: Freundlich< Langmuir< Dubinin-Radushkevich for the oil sorption onto activated carbon. Accordingly, the oil sorption process at equilibrium may be described mainly using both Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms.  These results give prediction that the oil sorption process takes place onto nano-activated carbon as mono-layer coverage with some degree of heterogeneity. The kinetics of the oil sorption process was modeled using four kinetic models namely pseudo first-order, pseudo second-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The pseudo second-order model yielded the highest R2 value of 0.9933. So, the kinetics of the oil sorption process onto the prepared nano-activated carbon may be described as second-order, which reveals that the main oil adsorption mechanism is probably chemisorption reaction.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt

  • Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt

  • Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt

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