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Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Activated Carbon from El Maghara Coal, Sinai, Egypt to be Utilized for Wastewater Purification

Received: 4 November 2014     Accepted: 7 November 2014     Published: 14 November 2014
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Abstract

This study targeted to evaluate the availability of extraction the nano-activated carbon from el maghara coal that represents as Jurassic coal deposits in the Maghara area, Sinai, Egypt to be utilized as adsorbent material for methyl orange dye decontamination from polluted wastewater. Nano-activated carbon was prepared through the alkaline and acidic activation of el maghara coal with potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid respectively at different conditions such as activation temperature, activation time and activating agent/ carbon ratio. The maximum removal for methyl orange with the extracted nano-activated carbon was recorded to be 90%. This efficient nano-activated carbon was synthesized through the reaction of el maghara coal with potassium hydroxide with 1:2 weight ratios for 90 minutes. Then the yielded powder material was carbonized at 600ºC for 90 minutes. The physical and chemical characteristics of raw coal and the most efficient extracted nano-activated carbon material were examined using different techniques such as scanning electron microscopic and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The different factors affecting the methyl orange treatment process onto the most efficient prepared material will be optimized using the batch technique. The equilibrium time for dye sorption process onto the prepared nano-activated carbon was established at 120min. the improvement at both the agitation speed and the material dosage has positive effect on the dye sorption process. The maghara coal was establish to be suitable resource for Nano-ctivated carbon extraction as an adsorbent after alkaline and thermal activation of the raw el maghara coal for the removal of methyl orange dye from polluted industrial wastewater.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 3, Issue 3-1)

This article belongs to the Special Issue Nano-Technology for Environmental Aspects

DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11
Page(s) 1-7
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2014. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nano-Activated Carbon, Dyes Adsorption, Low Cost Adsorbents, Wastewater Treatment

References
[1] K. Kadirvelu, M. Kavipriya, C. Karthika, M. Radhika, N. Vennilamani, and S. Pattabhi, "Utilization of various agricultural wastes for activated carbon preparation and application for the removal of dyes and metal ions from aqueous solutions", Bioresour. Technol., vol. 87, pp. 129–132, 2003.
[2] S. Rajeswari, C. Namasivayam, and K. Kadirvelu, "Orange peel as an adsorbent in the removal of acid violet 17 (acid dye) from aqueous solutions", Waste Management, vol. 21, pp. 105–110, 2001.
[3] G. McKay, "Adsorption of dyestuffs from aqueous solutions with activated carbon, part I, equilibrium and batch contact time studies", J Chem Technol Biotechnol, vol. 32, pp.759–72, 1982.
[4] G. McKay, "Waste colour removal from textile effluents.Am Dyestuff Rep", vol. 68, pp. 29–34, 1979.
[5] P. Nigarn, L. Banat, D. Singh, and R.Marchant, " Microbial process for decolourisation of textile effluents containing azo, diazo and reactive dyes", Process Biochem, vol. 31, pp. 435–42, 1996.
[6] W. Weber, "Physico-Chemical Methods of Treatment of Water and Wastewater", John Wiley andSons Inc., 1978.
[7] B. Singh, and N. Rawat, "Comparative sorption equilibrium studies of toxic phenols on fly ash and impregnated fly ash", J Chem Technol Biotechnol., vol. 61, pp. 307–17, 1994.
[8] G. McKay, G. Prasad, and P. Mowli, “Equilibrium studies for the adsorption of dyestuff from aqueous solutions by low cost materials", Water Air Soil Pollution, vol.29, pp. 273–83, 1986.
[9] S. Khare, K. Panday, R. Srivastava, and V. Singh, "Removal of Victoria blue from aqueous solution by fly ash”, J Chem Technol Biotechnol., vol. 38, pp. 99–104, 1987.
[10] V. Hernández-Montoya, D.Mendoza-Castillo, A. Bonilla-Petriciolet, M. Montes-Morán, and M. Pérez-Cruz, "Role of the pericarp of Carya illinoinensis as biosorbent and as precursor of activated carbon for the removal of lead and acid blue 25in aqueous solutions", Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, vol. 92, pp. 143-151, 2011.
[11] H. Baioumy, "Mineralogical and Geochemical Characterization of the Jurassic Coal from Egypt", Journal of African Earth Sciences, vol. 54, pp. 75-84, 2009.
[12] A. Melegy, and S. Salman, "Petrological and environmental geochemical studies on the abandoned Maghara coal mine", Geolines, vol. 22, pp. 44–51, 2009.
[13] H. Deng, G. Li, H. Yang, J. Tanga, and J. Tang, "Preparation of activated carbons from cotton stalk by microwave assisted KOH and K2CO3 activation", Chemical Engineering Journal ,vol. 163, pp. 373–381, 2010.
[14] P. Chingombe, B. Saha, , and R. Wakeman, "Surface modification and characterization of a coal-based activated carbon", Carbon, vol. 43, pp. 3132–3143, 2005.
[15] R. Ubago-Pérez, F. Carrasco-Marín, D. Fairén-Jiménez, C. Moreno-Castilla, “Granular and monolithic activated carbons from KOH-activation of olive stones”, Microporous and Mesoporous Materials, vol. 92, pp. 64–70, 2006 .
[16] K.Y. Foo, B.H. Hameed, “Mesoporous activated carbon from wood sawdust by K2CO3 activation using microwave heating”, Bioresource Technology, vol. 111, pp. 425–432, 2012.
[17] M. Elkady, M. Mahmoud, H. Abd-El-Rahman, “Kinetic Approach for Cadmium Sorption using Microwave Synthesized Nano-Hydroxyapatite”, journal of non-crystalline solids, vol 357, pp. 1118-1129, 2011.
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  • APA Style

    M. F. Elkady, M. M. Hussein, M. M. Salama. (2014). Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Activated Carbon from El Maghara Coal, Sinai, Egypt to be Utilized for Wastewater Purification. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 3(3-1), 1-7. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11

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    ACS Style

    M. F. Elkady; M. M. Hussein; M. M. Salama. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Activated Carbon from El Maghara Coal, Sinai, Egypt to be Utilized for Wastewater Purification. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2014, 3(3-1), 1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11

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    AMA Style

    M. F. Elkady, M. M. Hussein, M. M. Salama. Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Activated Carbon from El Maghara Coal, Sinai, Egypt to be Utilized for Wastewater Purification. Am J Appl Chem. 2014;3(3-1):1-7. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11,
      author = {M. F. Elkady and M. M. Hussein and M. M. Salama},
      title = {Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Activated Carbon from El Maghara Coal, Sinai, Egypt to be Utilized for Wastewater Purification},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3-1},
      pages = {1-7},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.s.2015030301.11},
      abstract = {This study targeted to evaluate the availability of extraction the nano-activated carbon from el maghara coal that represents as Jurassic coal deposits in the Maghara area, Sinai, Egypt to be utilized as adsorbent material for methyl orange dye decontamination from polluted wastewater. Nano-activated carbon was prepared through the alkaline and acidic activation of el maghara coal with potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid respectively at different conditions such as activation temperature, activation time and activating agent/ carbon ratio. The maximum removal for methyl orange with the extracted nano-activated carbon was recorded to be 90%. This efficient nano-activated carbon was synthesized through the reaction of el maghara coal with potassium hydroxide with 1:2 weight ratios for 90 minutes. Then the yielded powder material was carbonized at 600ºC for 90 minutes. The physical and chemical characteristics of raw coal and the most efficient extracted nano-activated carbon material were examined using different techniques such as scanning electron microscopic and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The different factors affecting the methyl orange treatment process onto the most efficient prepared material will be optimized using the batch technique. The equilibrium time for dye sorption process onto the prepared nano-activated carbon was established at 120min. the improvement at both the agitation speed and the material dosage has positive effect on the dye sorption process. The maghara coal was establish to be suitable resource for Nano-ctivated carbon extraction as an adsorbent after alkaline and thermal activation of the raw el maghara coal for the removal of methyl orange dye from polluted industrial wastewater.},
     year = {2014}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Synthesis and Characterization of Nano-Activated Carbon from El Maghara Coal, Sinai, Egypt to be Utilized for Wastewater Purification
    AU  - M. F. Elkady
    AU  - M. M. Hussein
    AU  - M. M. Salama
    Y1  - 2014/11/14
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 7
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.s.2015030301.11
    AB  - This study targeted to evaluate the availability of extraction the nano-activated carbon from el maghara coal that represents as Jurassic coal deposits in the Maghara area, Sinai, Egypt to be utilized as adsorbent material for methyl orange dye decontamination from polluted wastewater. Nano-activated carbon was prepared through the alkaline and acidic activation of el maghara coal with potassium hydroxide and phosphoric acid respectively at different conditions such as activation temperature, activation time and activating agent/ carbon ratio. The maximum removal for methyl orange with the extracted nano-activated carbon was recorded to be 90%. This efficient nano-activated carbon was synthesized through the reaction of el maghara coal with potassium hydroxide with 1:2 weight ratios for 90 minutes. Then the yielded powder material was carbonized at 600ºC for 90 minutes. The physical and chemical characteristics of raw coal and the most efficient extracted nano-activated carbon material were examined using different techniques such as scanning electron microscopic and infrared spectroscopy analysis. The different factors affecting the methyl orange treatment process onto the most efficient prepared material will be optimized using the batch technique. The equilibrium time for dye sorption process onto the prepared nano-activated carbon was established at 120min. the improvement at both the agitation speed and the material dosage has positive effect on the dye sorption process. The maghara coal was establish to be suitable resource for Nano-ctivated carbon extraction as an adsorbent after alkaline and thermal activation of the raw el maghara coal for the removal of methyl orange dye from polluted industrial wastewater.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3-1
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • Chemical and Petrochemical Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, New Borg El-Arab City, Alexandria, Egypt

  • Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt

  • Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Alexandria, Egypt

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