| Peer-Reviewed

Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol and Iohexol Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Anode Modified with Gold Particles

Received: 8 July 2023     Accepted: 2 August 2023     Published: 28 August 2023
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals (iohexol and paracetamol) released into the environment is an environmental problem. Thus our objective is to propose an effective and less expensive method for the determination of their concentrations in the environment. In this work the detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals (iohexol and paracetamol) were performed using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The anode used is a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) modified with gold particles (Au-BDD). The characterization of the Au-BDD electrode surface by scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy and by the electrochemical method (cyclic voltammetry) showed the presence of gold particles uniformly distributed on the anode surface. DPV method allowed to obtain two calibration curves for iohexol and paracetamol concentrations ranging respectively from 4 µM to 67.42 µM and from 0.8 µM to 22.943 µM. The limits of detection are respectively 1.13 µM and 0.045 µM for iohexol and paracetamol. These results show that the presence of gold particles on the anode surface improved the detection of paracetamol. These pharmaceuticals were detected in an ionic environment and it was noted that the interference phenomenon was very negligible during the detection of these two pharmaceuticals. This shows that our anode can be used to determine PCM and IHX concentrations in highly charged media.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 11, Issue 4)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12
Page(s) 103-111
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2023. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Detection, Paracetamol, Iohexol, Gold, Voltammetry

References
[1] Sadia SP, Kambiré O, Gnamba CQ-M, Pohan LAG, Berté M, Ouattara L (2021) Mineralization of Wastewater from the Teaching Hospital of Treichville by a Combination of Biological Treatment and Advanced Oxidation Processes. Asian Journal of Chemical Sciences 10 (2): 1-10. DOI: 10.9734/AJOCS/2021/v10i219086
[2] Kimou KJ, Kambiré O, Koffi KS, Kouadio KE, Koné S, Ouattara L (2021) Electrooxidation of Iohexol in Its Commercial Formulation Omnipaque on Boron Doped Diamond Electrode. International Research Journal of Pure & Applied Chemistry 22 (11): 29-41. DOI: 10.9734/IRJPAC/2021/v22i1130444
[3] Yi X, Tran NH, Yin T, He Y, Gin KY-H (2017) Removal of selected PPCPs, EDCs, and antibiotic resistance genes in landfill leachate by a full-scale constructed wetlands system. Water Research 121: 46–60. doi: 10.1016/j.watres.2017.05.008.
[4] Le T-H, Ng C, Tran NH, Chen H, Yew-Hoong GK (2018) Removal of antibiotic residues, antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes in municipal wastewater by membrane bioreactor systems. Water Research 145: 498-508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2018.08.060
[5] Rasheed T, Bilal M, Nabeel F, Adeel M, Iqbal HMN (2019) Environmentally-related contaminants of high concern: Potential sources and analytical modalities for detection, quantification, and treatment. Environment International 122: 52-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2018.11.038
[6] Mendoza A, Zonja B, Mastroianni N, Negreira N, López de Alda M, Pérez S, Barceló D, Gil A, Valcárcel Y (2016) Drugs of abuse, cytostatic drugs and iodinated contrast media in tap water from the Madrid region (central Spain): A case study to analyse their occurrence and human health risk characterization. Environment International 86: 107–118. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.11.001
[7] Lopez-Prieto IJ, Wu S, Ji W, Daniels KD, Snyder SA (2020) A direct injection liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method for the kinetic study on iodinated contrast media (ICMs) removal in natural water. Chemosphere 243: 125311. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125311
[8] Brillantino D, Ferro T, Brillantino C, Rossi E, Minelli R, Bignardi E, Tufano A, Zeccolini R, Zeccolini M (2020) Clinical pharmacology, use, and adverse reactions of intravenous iodinated contrast media in computed tomography. Journal of Radiology and Imaging 4 (1): 1-6 http://dx.doi.org/10.14312/2399-8172.2020-1
[9] Kouadio KE, Kambiré O, Koffi KS, Ouattara L (2021) Electrochemical oxidation of paracetamol on boron-doped diamond electrode: analytical performance and paracetamol degradation. J. Electrochem. Sci. Eng. 11 (2): 71-86; DOI: https://doi.org/10.5599/jese.932
[10] Denis MC, Venne K, Lesiège D, Francoeur M, Groleau S, Guay M, Cusson J, Furtos A (2008) Development and evaluation of a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay and its application for the assessment of renal function. J Chromatogr A. 1189 (1-2): 410-416. doi: 10.1016/j.chroma.2007.12.061.
[11] Sirajuddin ARK, Afzal S, Muhammad IB, Abdul N, Sarfaraz M (2007) Simpler spectrophotometric assay of paracetamol in tablets and urine samples. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 68 (3): 747-751. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2006.12.055
[12] Cavalier E, Rozet E, Dubois N, Charlier C, Hubert P, Chapelle JP, Krzesinski JM, Delanaye P (2008) Performance of iohexol determination in serum and urine by HPLC: validation, risk and uncertainty assessment. Clin Chim Acta. 396 (1-2): 80-85. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2008.07.011.
[13] Weimeng S, Wu L, Zhen H, Yuehua Z, Qingli H, Mingzhu X (2014) Electrochemical sensing of acetaminophen based on poly (3, 4 ethylenedioxythiophene)/graphene oxide composites. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 193: 823-829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2013.12.052
[14] Riham KA, Engy MS, Hussein MF, Rasha MEN (2021) Design and application of molecularly imprinted Polypyrrole/Platinum nanoparticles modified platinum sensor for the electrochemical detection of Vardenafil. Microchemical Journal 171: 106771. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2021.106771
[15] Geto A, Amare M, Tessema M, Admassie S (2012) Polymer-modified glassy carbon electrode for the electrochemical detection of quinine in human urine and pharmaceutical formulations. Anal Bioanal Chem. 404 (2): 525-30. doi: 10.1007/s00216-012-6171-8.
[16] Karine RT, Luciano CA, Pablo AM, Anne AM, Dilton MP, Diego PR, Anderson CO, Eduardo MR, Rodrigo AAM, Wallans TPDS (2020) Electrochemical detection of 3, 4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (ecstasy) using a boron-doped diamond electrode with differential pulse voltammetry: Simple and fast screening method for application in forensic analysis. Microchemical Journal 157: 105088. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2020.105088
[17] Elizabeth AMG, Greg MS (2016) A comparison of boron-doped diamond thin-film and Hg-coated glassy carbon electrodes for anodic stripping voltammetric determination of heavy metal ions in aqueous media. Analytica Chimica Acta 575 (2): 180-189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2006.05.094
[18] Koffi KS, Kambiré O, Kouadio KE, Kimou KJ, Ouattara L (2021) Detection of Lead (II) on a Boron-doped Diamond Electrode by Differential Pulse Anodic Stripping Voltammetry. Chemical Science International Journal 30 (7): 33-46. DOI: 10.9734/CSJI/2021/v30i730242
[19] Koffi KS, Foffié TAA, Kouadio KE, Kimou KJ, Kone S, Ouattara L (2021) Cyclic and differential pulse voltammetry investigations of an iodine contrast product using microelectrode of BDD. Mediterranean Journal of Chemistry 11 (3): 244-254. http://dx.doi.org/10.13171/mjc02109301594lassiné
[20] Saha K, Agasti SS, Kim C, Li X, Rotello VM (2012) Gold nanoparticles in chemical and biological sensing. Chem Rev. 112 (5): 2739-79. doi: 10.1021/cr2001178.
[21] Izquierdo J, Mizaikoff B, Kranz C (2016) Surface-enhanced infrared spectroscopy on boron-doped diamond modified with gold nanoparticles for spectroelectrochemical analysis. Phys. Status Solidi. 213 (8): 2056. https://doi.org/10.1002/pssa.201600222
[22] Kambiré O, Alloko KSP, Pohan LAG, Koffi KS, Ouattara L (2021) Electrooxidation of the Paracetamol on Boron Doped Diamond Anode Modified by Gold Particles. International Research Journal of Pure & Applied Chemistry 22 (4): 23-35. DOI: 10.9734/IRJPAC/2021/v22i430401
[23] Bottari F, Wael KD (2017) Electrodeposition of gold nanoparticles on boron doped diamond electrodes for the enhanced reduction of small organic molecules. Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 801: 521-526. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelechem.2017.07.053.
[24] Lévy-Clément C, Ndao NA, Katty A, Bernard M, Deneuville A, Comninellis C, Fujishima A (2003) Boron doped diamond electrodes for nitrate elimination in concentrated wastewater. Diamond and Related Materials 12 (3–7): 606-612. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-9635(02)00368-0.
[25] Kambiré O, Pohan LAG, Konan KF, Mohamed B, Gnamba CQ-M, Ouattara L (2002) Behavior of boron-doped diamond anode on methyl orange oxidation, J. Mater. Environ. Sci. 13 (11): 1264-1277.
[26] Koffi KM, Ouattara L (2019) Electroanalytical Investigation on Paracetamol on Boron-Doped Diamond Electrode by Voltammetry. American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 10: 562-578. doi.org/10.4236/ajac.2019.1011039.
[27] Faye BV, Gina KV, Fabiola C, Flavio G, Shannon H (2015) Determination of iohexol in human serum by a semi-automated liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method. Clinical Biochemistry 48 (10–11): 679-685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2015.03.017.
[28] Van HSK, Seaux L, Cavalier E, Speeckaert MM, Dumoulin E, Lecocq E, Delanghe JR (2016) Determination of iohexol and iothalamate in serum and urine by capillary electrophoresis. Electrophoresis 37 (17-18): 2363-7. doi: 10.1002/elps.201600084.
[29] Zhuang L, Gao J, Zeng Y, Yu F, Zhang B, Li M, Derendorf H, Liu C (2011) HPLC method validation for the quantification of lomustine to study pharmacokinetics of thermosensitive liposome-encapsulated lomustine containing iohexol for CT imaging in C6 glioma rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 36 (2): 61-9. doi: 10.1007/s13318-011-0030-4.
[30] Minh-Phuong NB, Cheng AL, Kwi NH, Xuan-Hung P, Gi HS (2012) Determination of acetaminophen by electrochemical co-deposition of glutamic acid and gold nanoparticles. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical 174: 318-324. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2012.08.012.
[31] Meixia Z, Feng G, Qingxiang W, Xili C, Shulian J, Lizhang H, Fei G (2013) Electrocatalytical oxidation and sensitive determination of acetaminophen on glassy carbon electrode modified with graphene–chitosan composite. Materials Science and Engineering: C 33 (3): 1514-1520. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msec.2012.12.055.
[32] Margarita S, Roumen Z, Zdravka V, Velizar G, Claudia M, Benjamin V, Gergana K, Yana H, Lydia T-P (2023) The validity of using bare graphite electrode for the voltammetric determination of paracetamol and caffeine. International Journal of Electrochemical Science. 18 (5): 100120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijoes.2023.100120
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Koffi Konan Sylvestre, Kambiré Ollo, Gnamba Corneil Quand-même, Kimou Kouakou Jocelin, Berté Mohamed, et al. (2023). Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol and Iohexol Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Anode Modified with Gold Particles. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 11(4), 103-111. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Koffi Konan Sylvestre; Kambiré Ollo; Gnamba Corneil Quand-même; Kimou Kouakou Jocelin; Berté Mohamed, et al. Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol and Iohexol Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Anode Modified with Gold Particles. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2023, 11(4), 103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Koffi Konan Sylvestre, Kambiré Ollo, Gnamba Corneil Quand-même, Kimou Kouakou Jocelin, Berté Mohamed, et al. Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol and Iohexol Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Anode Modified with Gold Particles. Am J Appl Chem. 2023;11(4):103-111. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12,
      author = {Koffi Konan Sylvestre and Kambiré Ollo and Gnamba Corneil Quand-même and Kimou Kouakou Jocelin and Berté Mohamed and Kouadio Kouakou Etienne and Koné Souleymane and Ouattara Lassiné},
      title = {Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol and Iohexol Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Anode Modified with Gold Particles},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {11},
      number = {4},
      pages = {103-111},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20231104.12},
      abstract = {Persistent organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals (iohexol and paracetamol) released into the environment is an environmental problem. Thus our objective is to propose an effective and less expensive method for the determination of their concentrations in the environment. In this work the detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals (iohexol and paracetamol) were performed using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The anode used is a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) modified with gold particles (Au-BDD). The characterization of the Au-BDD electrode surface by scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy and by the electrochemical method (cyclic voltammetry) showed the presence of gold particles uniformly distributed on the anode surface. DPV method allowed to obtain two calibration curves for iohexol and paracetamol concentrations ranging respectively from 4 µM to 67.42 µM and from 0.8 µM to 22.943 µM. The limits of detection are respectively 1.13 µM and 0.045 µM for iohexol and paracetamol. These results show that the presence of gold particles on the anode surface improved the detection of paracetamol. These pharmaceuticals were detected in an ionic environment and it was noted that the interference phenomenon was very negligible during the detection of these two pharmaceuticals. This shows that our anode can be used to determine PCM and IHX concentrations in highly charged media.},
     year = {2023}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Electrochemical Detection of Paracetamol and Iohexol Using a Boron-Doped Diamond Anode Modified with Gold Particles
    AU  - Koffi Konan Sylvestre
    AU  - Kambiré Ollo
    AU  - Gnamba Corneil Quand-même
    AU  - Kimou Kouakou Jocelin
    AU  - Berté Mohamed
    AU  - Kouadio Kouakou Etienne
    AU  - Koné Souleymane
    AU  - Ouattara Lassiné
    Y1  - 2023/08/28
    PY  - 2023
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 103
    EP  - 111
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20231104.12
    AB  - Persistent organic pollutants such as pharmaceuticals (iohexol and paracetamol) released into the environment is an environmental problem. Thus our objective is to propose an effective and less expensive method for the determination of their concentrations in the environment. In this work the detection and quantification of pharmaceuticals (iohexol and paracetamol) were performed using cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The anode used is a boron-doped diamond electrode (BDD) modified with gold particles (Au-BDD). The characterization of the Au-BDD electrode surface by scanning electron microscopy coupled to energy dispersive spectroscopy and by the electrochemical method (cyclic voltammetry) showed the presence of gold particles uniformly distributed on the anode surface. DPV method allowed to obtain two calibration curves for iohexol and paracetamol concentrations ranging respectively from 4 µM to 67.42 µM and from 0.8 µM to 22.943 µM. The limits of detection are respectively 1.13 µM and 0.045 µM for iohexol and paracetamol. These results show that the presence of gold particles on the anode surface improved the detection of paracetamol. These pharmaceuticals were detected in an ionic environment and it was noted that the interference phenomenon was very negligible during the detection of these two pharmaceuticals. This shows that our anode can be used to determine PCM and IHX concentrations in highly charged media.
    VL  - 11
    IS  - 4
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Matter Constitution and Reaction Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

  • Science and Technology Training and Research Unit, University of Man, Man, Côte d’Ivoire

  • Matter Constitution and Reaction Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

  • Matter Constitution and Reaction Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

  • Matter Constitution and Reaction Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

  • Matter Constitution and Reaction Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

  • Matter Constitution and Reaction Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

  • Matter Constitution and Reaction Laboratory, Training and Research Unit of Structural Sciences of Matter and Technology, Félix Houphouët-Boigny University, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire

  • Sections