| Peer-Reviewed

Ammonium Di-Hydrogenocitrate and Mono-Hydrogenocitrate Synthesis by Citric Acid Neutralization with Ammonia Using Ethanol as Co-Solvent for the Crystallization – Swelling Test to Confirm Gases Emissions Capacity

Received: 11 September 2017     Accepted: 25 September 2017     Published: 23 December 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

Citric acid is a α-hydroxylated tricarboxylic acid present in abundance in lemon. More than one million tons of citric acid are industrially produced throughout the year. Our objective in this manuscript was to increase the value of the citric acid to ammonium citric acid salts by crystallization such as ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate. Studies and tests were carried out in this direction but the characteristic of our last process was the use of a co-solvent ethanol which proved more effective and more economical. At the end, we tested the capacity of the ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and the ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate to swell a mixture and compared theirs capacities to the sodium bicarbonate. Results showed an excellent swelling capacity of the ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate to produce a uniformly very not much porous product’s texture.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 6, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12
Page(s) 6-14
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Citric Acid, Ammonia, Ethanol, Crystallization, Co-solvent Crystallization, Ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate, Ammonium Mono-hydrogenocitrate, Sodium Bicarbonate, Swelling Test

References
[1] OMRI, Citric acid and its salts, Technical Evaluation for the USDA National Organic Program February 17, 2015.
[2] Rawat A., BURGESS DJ. “Effect of ethanol as a processing co-solvent on the PLGA microsphere characteristics” Int. J. Pharm. 2010 Jul 15; 394(1-2): 99-105. Doj: 10.1016/j.ijpharm. 2010.05.013. Epub. 2010 May 22.
[3] M. Laffitte, F. Rouquerol La réaction chimique Tome 2. Aspects thermodynamiques (suite) et cinétiques, 1991, Eds. Masson p. 22.
[4] Wikipedia Encyclopedia on line.
[5] Silva AM, Kong X, Hider RC, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Division, King’s College London, London, UK «Determination of the pKa of the hydroxyl group in the alpha-hydroxycarboxylates citrate, malate and lactate by 13C NMR: implications for metal coordination in biological systems» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19288211.
[6] Gougerot-Schwartz A. “Cosmétologie et dermatologie esthétique” Encyclopedie Méd. Chir. (2000) 7p.
[7] Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara, Marie Nicole Rabemananjara, Nambinina Richard Randriana, Haritiana Jeannelle Rakotonirina, Edouard Andrianarison, André Razafimandefitra, Baholy Robijaona Chemical Process Engineering Department (E. S. P. A), Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar « Auto-Inflammation Test of Black Citric Acid Polymer (PN) and Fuel Oil (FO) Mixes – Coke Formation » American Journal of Applied Chemistry, Vol. 5, Issue Number 3, June 2017.
[8] M. Laffitte, F. Rouquerol La réaction chimique Tome 2. Aspects thermodynamiques (suite) et cinétiques, 1991, Eds. Masson p. 30.
[9] O'Neil, M. J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Cambridge, UK: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2013., p. 416.
[10] Budavari, S. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 1996., p. 87 https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/14923#section
[11] M. Laffitte, f. Rouquerol La réaction chimique Tome 2. Aspects thermodynamiques (suite) et cinétiques, 1991, Eds. Masson annexe 24.
[12] Raymond C Rowe, Paul J Sheskey, Marian E Quinn, Handbook of Pharmaceutical Excipients, Pharmaceutical Press and American Pharmacists Association, 2009, 6e éd., 888 p. (ISBN 978 0 85369 792 3), p. 40.
[13] Sammy Eric andriambolA Valorisation de l’acide citrique en polymères et en sels de mono- di- et tri-ammonium. Mémoire de fin d’étude en vue de l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingénieur en Génie Chimique. E. S. P. A. Université d’Antananarivo. 2013.
[14] A. G. Jones, Professor of Chemical Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, UCL (University College London), London, UK. Crystallization Process Systems.
[15] ethanol (anhydre) [archive], fiche de sécurité du Programme International sur la Sécurité des Substances Chimiques [archive].
[16] James E. Mark, Physical Properties of Polymer Handbook, Springer, 2007, 2e éd., 1076 p.(ISBN 0387690026, lire en ligne [archive]), p. 294.
[17] Haynes, William M., ed. (2011). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (92nd ed.). Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. p. 3.246. ISBN 1439855110.
[18] E. Arunan, G. R. Desiraju, R. A. Klein, J. Sadlej, S. Scheiner, I. Alkorta, D. C. Clary, R. H., Crabtree, J. J. Dannenberg, P. Hobza, H. G. Kjaergaard, A. C. Legon, B. Mennucci, D. J. Nesbitt. Definition of the hydrogen bond (IUPAC Recommendations 2011) Pure Appl. Chem. 83, 1619 (2011).
[19] O'Neil, M. J. (ed.). The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Whitehouse Station, NJ: Merck and Co., Inc., 2001., p. 89.
[20] Setrarivo andriambalohery, Etude de la formation d’acide sulfurique et d’ammoniac à partir du sulfate d’ammonium par du catalyseur acide l’acide citrique. Mémoire de fin d’études en vue de l’obtention du diplôme d’ingénieur en génie chimique – 2011 - Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique d’Antananarivo (E.S.P.A) – Université d’Antananarivo.
[21] Atkins, P. W. (2006). Physical Chemistry. Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-870072-5. Section 7.4: The Response of Equilibria to Temperature.
[22] Franz HAAS, Handbook of wafer technologies – third revised and extended edition, October 2002.
[23] Maheriniaina Andriamasinoro andriamandroso, Valorisation du mono et di-hydrogenocitrate d’ammonium en levant. Mémoire en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Licence Académique en génie des procédés chimiques et industriels - 2016 - Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique d’Antananarivo (E.S.P.A) – Université d’Antananarivo.
[24] Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara, Marie Nicole Rabemananjara, Nambinina Richard Randriana, Edouard Andrianarison, André Razafimandefitra, Baholy Robijaona (ESPA), Chemical Process Engineering Department, Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar: Auto-Inflammation Test of Black Citric Acid Polymer (PN) and Fuel oil (FO) Mixes – Coke Formation. American Journal of Applied Chemistry in Vol. 5, Issue Number 3, June 2017.
[25] Marie Nicole Rabemananjara, Test d’auto-inflammation du mélange polymère noir (PN) et fuel-oil (FO), étude de formation de coke. Mémoire en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Licence Académique en génie des procédés chimiques et industriels – 2016 - Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique d’Antananarivo (E.S.P.A) – Université d’Antananarivo.
[26] Thomas Fenohery, Contribution à la valorisation de l’huile de palme en ester et polyester par estérification avec de l’acide citrique effet de l’acidité et du fer, Mémoire de fin d’étude en vue de l’obtention du diplôme d’Ingénieur en Génie Chimique. E.S.P.A. Université d’Antananarivo. 2013.
[27] Lalaina Sarah raholiarisoa, Auto-estérification de l’acide citrique en passant par une phase de chloration avec de l’acide chlorhydrique suivi d’une substitution électrophile, formation des monomères d’ester et éventuellement des polymères. Mémoire en vue de l’obtention du diplôme de Licence Académique en génie des procédés chimiques et industriels – 2014 - Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique d’Antananarivo (E.S.P.A) – Université d’Antananarivo.
[28] Wikipedia Encyclopedia on line. L’amidon.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara, Maheriniaina Andriamasinoro Andriamandroso, Nambinina Richard Randriana, Rijalalaina Rakotosaona, Edouard Andrianarison, et al. (2017). Ammonium Di-Hydrogenocitrate and Mono-Hydrogenocitrate Synthesis by Citric Acid Neutralization with Ammonia Using Ethanol as Co-Solvent for the Crystallization – Swelling Test to Confirm Gases Emissions Capacity. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 6(1), 6-14. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara; Maheriniaina Andriamasinoro Andriamandroso; Nambinina Richard Randriana; Rijalalaina Rakotosaona; Edouard Andrianarison, et al. Ammonium Di-Hydrogenocitrate and Mono-Hydrogenocitrate Synthesis by Citric Acid Neutralization with Ammonia Using Ethanol as Co-Solvent for the Crystallization – Swelling Test to Confirm Gases Emissions Capacity. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2017, 6(1), 6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara, Maheriniaina Andriamasinoro Andriamandroso, Nambinina Richard Randriana, Rijalalaina Rakotosaona, Edouard Andrianarison, et al. Ammonium Di-Hydrogenocitrate and Mono-Hydrogenocitrate Synthesis by Citric Acid Neutralization with Ammonia Using Ethanol as Co-Solvent for the Crystallization – Swelling Test to Confirm Gases Emissions Capacity. Am J Appl Chem. 2017;6(1):6-14. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12,
      author = {Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara and Maheriniaina Andriamasinoro Andriamandroso and Nambinina Richard Randriana and Rijalalaina Rakotosaona and Edouard Andrianarison and André Razafimandefitra and Baholy Robijaona},
      title = {Ammonium Di-Hydrogenocitrate and Mono-Hydrogenocitrate Synthesis by Citric Acid Neutralization with Ammonia Using Ethanol as Co-Solvent for the Crystallization – Swelling Test to Confirm Gases Emissions Capacity},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {6},
      number = {1},
      pages = {6-14},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20180601.12},
      abstract = {Citric acid is a α-hydroxylated tricarboxylic acid present in abundance in lemon. More than one million tons of citric acid are industrially produced throughout the year. Our objective in this manuscript was to increase the value of the citric acid to ammonium citric acid salts by crystallization such as ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate. Studies and tests were carried out in this direction but the characteristic of our last process was the use of a co-solvent ethanol which proved more effective and more economical. At the end, we tested the capacity of the ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and the ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate to swell a mixture and compared theirs capacities to the sodium bicarbonate. Results showed an excellent swelling capacity of the ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate to produce a uniformly very not much porous product’s texture.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Ammonium Di-Hydrogenocitrate and Mono-Hydrogenocitrate Synthesis by Citric Acid Neutralization with Ammonia Using Ethanol as Co-Solvent for the Crystallization – Swelling Test to Confirm Gases Emissions Capacity
    AU  - Andry Tahina Rabeharitsara
    AU  - Maheriniaina Andriamasinoro Andriamandroso
    AU  - Nambinina Richard Randriana
    AU  - Rijalalaina Rakotosaona
    AU  - Edouard Andrianarison
    AU  - André Razafimandefitra
    AU  - Baholy Robijaona
    Y1  - 2017/12/23
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 6
    EP  - 14
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20180601.12
    AB  - Citric acid is a α-hydroxylated tricarboxylic acid present in abundance in lemon. More than one million tons of citric acid are industrially produced throughout the year. Our objective in this manuscript was to increase the value of the citric acid to ammonium citric acid salts by crystallization such as ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate. Studies and tests were carried out in this direction but the characteristic of our last process was the use of a co-solvent ethanol which proved more effective and more economical. At the end, we tested the capacity of the ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and the ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate to swell a mixture and compared theirs capacities to the sodium bicarbonate. Results showed an excellent swelling capacity of the ammonium Di-hydrogenocitrate and ammonium mono-hydrogenocitrate to produce a uniformly very not much porous product’s texture.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Chemical Process Engineering Department (E. S. P. A), Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Chemical Process Engineering Department (E. S. P. A), Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Chemical Process Engineering Department (E. S. P. A), Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Chemical Process Engineering Department (E. S. P. A), Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Chemical Process Engineering Department (E. S. P. A), Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Chemical Process Engineering Department (E. S. P. A), Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Chemical Process Engineering Department (E. S. P. A), Antananarivo University, Antananarivo, Madagascar

  • Sections