| Peer-Reviewed

Epoxidation of Vernonia Oil in Acidic Ion Exchange Resin

Received: 4 January 2017     Accepted: 17 January 2017     Published: 24 February 2017
Views:       Downloads:
Abstract

In this study epoxidized vernonia oil (EVO) was synthesized by the epoxidation of vernonia oil using peroxyformic acid, formed in situ by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120 hydrogen form) as the catalyst. This method of epoxidation has resulted in product with about 78% conversion. Acid exchange resin catalyzed epoxidation reactions are found to be promising in minimizing oxirane ring opening.

Published in American Journal of Applied Chemistry (Volume 5, Issue 1)
DOI 10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11
Page(s) 1-6
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2017. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Vegetable Oils, Vernonia Oil, Epoxidation

References
[1] Guner, F. S., Yagci, Y., Erciyes, A. T., 2006. Polymers from triglyceride oils. Prog. Polym. Sci. 31, 633–670.
[2] Dyer, J. M., Stymne, S., Green, A. G., Carlsson, A. S., 2008. High-value oils from plants. The Plant Journal, 54, 640–65.
[3] Gunstone, F. D., 2001. Basic Oleochemicals, Oleochemical Products and New Industrial Oils. In: Oleochemical Manufacture and Applications; Gunstone F. D., Hamilton R. J. (eds). Sheffield Academic Press: Sheffield.
[4] Wang, X., Zhang, H., Wang, Z., Jiang, B., 1997. In situ epoxidation of ethylene propylene diene rubber by performic acid. Polymer, 38, 5407–5410.
[5] Dinda, S., Patwardhan, A. V., Goud, V. V., Pradhan, N. C., 2008. Epoxidation of cottonseed oil by aqueous hydrogen peroxide catalyzed by liquid inorganic acids. Bioresource Technol. 3737-3744.
[6] Michael, A. R., Jurgen, O. M., Ulrich, S. S., 2007. Plant oil renewable resources as green alternatives in polymer sciences. Chem. Soc. Rev, 36, 1788–1802.
[7] Bhardwaj, H. L., Hamama, A. A., Dierig, D. A., 2007. Fatty Acids in Vernonia Produced in the Mid-Atlantic Region of the United States., J Amer Oil Chem Soc, 84: 393–397.
[8] Carvalho, M. G., Patricia, M. C., Abreu, S., Heber, S., 1999. Flavanones from Vernonia diffusa. J. Braz. Chem. Soc., 10, 163.
[9] Carlson, K. D, Chang, S. P., 1985. Chemical epoxidation of natural unsaturated epoxy seed oil from vernonia galamensis and a look at epoxy oil markets. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 62, 934–939.
[10] Perdue, R. E. 1988. Systematic botany in the development of Vernonia galamensis as a new industrial oilseed crop for the semi-arid tropics. Symb. Bot. Ups, 28, 125–135.
[11] Baye, T., and Becker, H. C., 2005. Exploration of vernonia galamensis in Ethiopia, and variation in fatty acid composition of seed oil. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution, 52, 805–811.
[12] Perdue, R. E. Jr., Carlson, K. D., Gilbert, M. G., 1986. Vernonia galamensis, potential new crop source of epoxy fatty acid. Economic botany 40, 54-68.
[13] Carlson, K. D, Chang, S. P., 1985. Chemical epoxidation of natural unsaturated epoxy seed oil from vernonia galamensis and a look at epoxy oil markets. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 62, 934–939.
[14] Okieimen, F. E, Pavithran, C., Bakare, I. O., 2005. Epoxidation and hydroxylation of rubber seed oil: one-pot multi step reactions. Euro. J. Lipid Sci. & Tech, 107, 864-870.
[15] Carlson, K. D., Kleiman, R., and Bagby, M. O., 1994. Epoxidation of Lesquerella and Limnan- thes (Meadowfoam) Oils. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 71, 175-182.
[16] Marcel, S. F., Lei, K. J. and Mohammad, K. P., 1998. Epoxidation reactions of unsaturated fatty esters with peroxomonosulphate. Lipids, 33, 633-637.
[17] Patwardhan, A. V., Goud, V. V., Pradhan, N. C., 2006. Epoxidation of Karanja (Pongamiaglabra) Oil by H2O2. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 83, 247-252.
[18] Gurbanov, M. S., and Mamedov, B. A., 2009. Epoxidation of Flax Oil with Hydrogen Peroxide in a Conjugate System in the presence of Acetic Acid and Chlorinated Cation Exchanger KU-2×8 as Catalyst. Russian J. App. Chem.,, 82, 1483-1487.
[19] Ayorinde, F. O., Butler B. D., Clayton, M. T., 1990. Vernonia galamensis: A rich source of epoxy acid. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 67, 844.
[20] Badran, B. M., El-Mehelmy, F. M., Ghanem, N. A, J. 1976. Oil Colour Chem. Assoc., 59 (8) 291.
[21] Goheen, S. M., Wool, R. P., 1991. Degradation of polyethylene starch blends in soil. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 42, 2691-2701.
[22] Hernandez-Lopez, S., Campo-Lopez, E. M., Sanchez-Mendieta, V., Urena-Nunez, F. and Vigueras- Santiago, E., 2006. Gamma Irradiation on Acrylated-Expoxidized Soybean Oil: Polymerization and Characterization. Adv. In Tech. of Mat. and Mat. Proc. J., 8, 220-225.
[23] Vlcek, T., Petrovic, Z. S., 2006. Optimizationof the chemoenzymatic epoxidation of soybean oil. J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc., 83, 247–252.
[24] Pares, X. P. X., Bonnet, C., and Morin, O., 1999. Synthesis of New Derivatives from Vegetable Oil Methyl Esters via Epoxidation and Oxirane Opening, in Recent Developments in the Synthesis of Fatty Acid Derivative (Knothe, G. and Derksen, J. T. P., Eds.) AOCS Press, Champaign, IL, 141-156.
[25] Lopez-Tellez, G., Vigueras-Santiago, E., Hernandez-Lopez, S., 2009. Characterization of epoxidized linseed oil at different percentage. Surface and Emptiness, 22, 5-10.
Cite This Article
  • APA Style

    Tegene Desalegn Zeleke, Yadessa Melaku Ayana. (2017). Epoxidation of Vernonia Oil in Acidic Ion Exchange Resin. American Journal of Applied Chemistry, 5(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11

    Copy | Download

    ACS Style

    Tegene Desalegn Zeleke; Yadessa Melaku Ayana. Epoxidation of Vernonia Oil in Acidic Ion Exchange Resin. Am. J. Appl. Chem. 2017, 5(1), 1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11

    Copy | Download

    AMA Style

    Tegene Desalegn Zeleke, Yadessa Melaku Ayana. Epoxidation of Vernonia Oil in Acidic Ion Exchange Resin. Am J Appl Chem. 2017;5(1):1-6. doi: 10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11

    Copy | Download

  • @article{10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11,
      author = {Tegene Desalegn Zeleke and Yadessa Melaku Ayana},
      title = {Epoxidation of Vernonia Oil in Acidic Ion Exchange Resin},
      journal = {American Journal of Applied Chemistry},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {1-6},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajac.20170501.11},
      abstract = {In this study epoxidized vernonia oil (EVO) was synthesized by the epoxidation of vernonia oil using peroxyformic acid, formed in situ by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120 hydrogen form) as the catalyst. This method of epoxidation has resulted in product with about 78% conversion. Acid exchange resin catalyzed epoxidation reactions are found to be promising in minimizing oxirane ring opening.},
     year = {2017}
    }
    

    Copy | Download

  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Epoxidation of Vernonia Oil in Acidic Ion Exchange Resin
    AU  - Tegene Desalegn Zeleke
    AU  - Yadessa Melaku Ayana
    Y1  - 2017/02/24
    PY  - 2017
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11
    T2  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JF  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    JO  - American Journal of Applied Chemistry
    SP  - 1
    EP  - 6
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2330-8745
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajac.20170501.11
    AB  - In this study epoxidized vernonia oil (EVO) was synthesized by the epoxidation of vernonia oil using peroxyformic acid, formed in situ by the reaction of hydrogen peroxide and formic acid in the presence of an acidic ion exchange resin (Amberlite IR-120 hydrogen form) as the catalyst. This method of epoxidation has resulted in product with about 78% conversion. Acid exchange resin catalyzed epoxidation reactions are found to be promising in minimizing oxirane ring opening.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 1
    ER  - 

    Copy | Download

Author Information
  • Department of Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia

  • Department of Chemistry, Adama Science and Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia

  • Sections