Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia

Welay Tesfay

doi:doi:10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16

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Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia

Welay Tesfay^*

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 14, Issue 2)

Received: 13 March 2025 Accepted: 1 April 2025 Published: 28 April 2025

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Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple, and cash crop used as the main source of calorie intake for humans and animals in the globe and feeds more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. Introduced to Ethiopia in the 1970s, rice has since become a key source of food, income, and employment for smallholder farmers. The research used a simple and systematic sampling technique to take 180 smallholder rice producers to examine the determinants of rice output market surplus in Northwester Ethiopia. The research used descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. The descriptive statistics revealed that 87.22%, 52.78%, 46.11%, 47.22%, and 61.67% of the respondents were male-headed, got extension services, owned fertile rice land, were members of cooperatives, and owned their cell phones respectively. The multiple linear regression model identified that Adoption of improved rice variety, rice farming experience, cultivated land allocated for rice production, soil fertility, and training on rice production practices are variables that determined the rice output marketable surplus in Northwestern Ethiopia. All these factors maximize the marketable rice output surplus. Thus, policy interventions should focus on enhancing infrastructure, supporting farmer cooperatives, and promoting the adoption of modern agricultural technologies to improve productivity and competitiveness in the rice market. By overcoming these barriers, Ethiopia can further harness the potential of rice farming to improve food security and economic development for smallholder farmers.

Published in	Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 14, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16
Page(s)	72-82
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2025. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Rice, Determinant, Value Addition, Market Surplus, Multiple Linear Regression, Ethiopia

References

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[2]	Y. Asmelash, "Determinants of adoption of upland rice varieties in Fogera district, South Gondar, Ethiopia," Journal of Agricultural Extension and Rural Development, vol. 8, no. 12, pp. 332-338, 2014.
[3]	MoA, NaTional Rice Development Strategy II, Addis Ababa: Ministry of Agriculture, 2020.
[4]	C. S. Agency), "The Federal Democratic Repbulic of Ethiopia Centeral Statistics Agency. Area and Production of Major Crops, Private Peasant Holding, Meher Season," Centeral Statistics Agency, Addis Ababa, 2020.
[5]	A. Meron and G. Tegene, "The Contributions and Challenges of Rice Value Chain Development on the Livelihood of Small Holder Rice Farmers," Addis Ababa Univesity, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1-124, 2016.
[6]	A. Dawit and S. Kiyoshi, Challenges and Opportunities of Rice in Ethiopian, Addis Ababa: Ethiopia Institute of Agricultural Research, 2011.
[7]	D. A. O. PDAO, "Performance of Agricultural Activities Annual Report," Pawe District Agriculture Office, Pawe, Ethiopia, 2020.
[8]	Biruhalem, Kassa Gebremeskel; Paul, Issac; Ranjitha, Puskur, "RICE VALUE CHAIN IN METEMA DISTRICT, NORTH GONDAR ETHIOPIA: CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR INNOVATION," Addis Ababa University, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1-116, 2010.
[9]	D. A. O. JDAO, "Performance of Agricultural Activities Annual Report," Jawi District Agiculture Office, Jawi, Ethiopia, 2020.
[10]	W. Cochran, Sampling techniques. John Wiley & Sons, 2007.
[11]	Takele Atnafu Delele, Almaz Giziew Adugna & Birhanu Melesse Gelaw, "Determinants of soybean (Glycine max.) market supply in Northwestern Ethiopia," Cogent Economics & Finance, vol. 0, pp. 1-21, 2022.
[12]	A. Takele, "Determinants of Rice Production and Marketing in low Producer Farmers: the Case of Fogera Districts, North-Western Ethiopia," International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology (IJEAB), vol. 2, no. 5, p. 1.12, 2017.
[13]	E. Bezabih and N. Mengistu, "Potato Value Chain Analysis and Development in Ethiopia Case of Tigray and SNNP Regions," International Potato Center, pp. 1-82, 2011.
[14]	W. Tesfay, "Analyses of Factors Determine the Rate and Level of Improved Soybean Variety Adoption Under Smallholder Farmers in North Western Ethiopia," Journal of Economics and Sustainable Development, vol. 10, no. 23, pp. 61-71, 2019.
[15]	B. Tamirat and T. Jember, "REVIEW ON ADOPTION, TREND, POTENTIAL, AND CONSTRAINTS OF RICE PRODUCTION TO LIVELIHOOD IN ETHIOPIA," Internaltional Journal of Research-Granthaalayah, vol. 5, no. 6, pp. 1-15, 2017.

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APA Style

Tesfay, W. (2025). Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 14(2), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16

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ACS Style

Tesfay, W. Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia. Agric. For. Fish. 2025, 14(2), 72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16

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AMA Style

Tesfay W. Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia. Agric For Fish. 2025;14(2):72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16

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@article{10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16,
  author = {Welay Tesfay},
  title = {Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {72-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20251402.16},
  abstract = {Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple, and cash crop used as the main source of calorie intake for humans and animals in the globe and feeds more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. Introduced to Ethiopia in the 1970s, rice has since become a key source of food, income, and employment for smallholder farmers. The research used a simple and systematic sampling technique to take 180 smallholder rice producers to examine the determinants of rice output market surplus in Northwester Ethiopia. The research used descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. The descriptive statistics revealed that 87.22%, 52.78%, 46.11%, 47.22%, and 61.67% of the respondents were male-headed, got extension services, owned fertile rice land, were members of cooperatives, and owned their cell phones respectively. The multiple linear regression model identified that Adoption of improved rice variety, rice farming experience, cultivated land allocated for rice production, soil fertility, and training on rice production practices are variables that determined the rice output marketable surplus in Northwestern Ethiopia. All these factors maximize the marketable rice output surplus. Thus, policy interventions should focus on enhancing infrastructure, supporting farmer cooperatives, and promoting the adoption of modern agricultural technologies to improve productivity and competitiveness in the rice market. By overcoming these barriers, Ethiopia can further harness the potential of rice farming to improve food security and economic development for smallholder farmers.
},
 year = {2025}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia

AU  - Welay Tesfay
Y1  - 2025/04/28
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 72
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16
AB  - Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple, and cash crop used as the main source of calorie intake for humans and animals in the globe and feeds more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. Introduced to Ethiopia in the 1970s, rice has since become a key source of food, income, and employment for smallholder farmers. The research used a simple and systematic sampling technique to take 180 smallholder rice producers to examine the determinants of rice output market surplus in Northwester Ethiopia. The research used descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. The descriptive statistics revealed that 87.22%, 52.78%, 46.11%, 47.22%, and 61.67% of the respondents were male-headed, got extension services, owned fertile rice land, were members of cooperatives, and owned their cell phones respectively. The multiple linear regression model identified that Adoption of improved rice variety, rice farming experience, cultivated land allocated for rice production, soil fertility, and training on rice production practices are variables that determined the rice output marketable surplus in Northwestern Ethiopia. All these factors maximize the marketable rice output surplus. Thus, policy interventions should focus on enhancing infrastructure, supporting farmer cooperatives, and promoting the adoption of modern agricultural technologies to improve productivity and competitiveness in the rice market. By overcoming these barriers, Ethiopia can further harness the potential of rice farming to improve food security and economic development for smallholder farmers.

VL  - 14
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Welay Tesfay

Ethiopia Institute of Agriculture Research (EIAR), Mehoni Agricultural Research Center (MARC), Mehoni, Ethiopia

Contact Email

http://orcid.org/0009-0001-6613-0153

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Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Tesfay, W. (2025). Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 14(2), 72-82. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16

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ACS Style

Tesfay, W. Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia. Agric. For. Fish. 2025, 14(2), 72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Tesfay W. Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia. Agric For Fish. 2025;14(2):72-82. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16,
  author = {Welay Tesfay},
  title = {Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia
},
  journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
  volume = {14},
  number = {2},
  pages = {72-82},
  doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20251402.16},
  abstract = {Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple, and cash crop used as the main source of calorie intake for humans and animals in the globe and feeds more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. Introduced to Ethiopia in the 1970s, rice has since become a key source of food, income, and employment for smallholder farmers. The research used a simple and systematic sampling technique to take 180 smallholder rice producers to examine the determinants of rice output market surplus in Northwester Ethiopia. The research used descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. The descriptive statistics revealed that 87.22%, 52.78%, 46.11%, 47.22%, and 61.67% of the respondents were male-headed, got extension services, owned fertile rice land, were members of cooperatives, and owned their cell phones respectively. The multiple linear regression model identified that Adoption of improved rice variety, rice farming experience, cultivated land allocated for rice production, soil fertility, and training on rice production practices are variables that determined the rice output marketable surplus in Northwestern Ethiopia. All these factors maximize the marketable rice output surplus. Thus, policy interventions should focus on enhancing infrastructure, supporting farmer cooperatives, and promoting the adoption of modern agricultural technologies to improve productivity and competitiveness in the rice market. By overcoming these barriers, Ethiopia can further harness the potential of rice farming to improve food security and economic development for smallholder farmers.
},
 year = {2025}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Determinants of Rice Output Market Surplus Under Smallholder Rice Producers in North Western Ethiopia

AU  - Welay Tesfay
Y1  - 2025/04/28
PY  - 2025
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16
DO  - 10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16
T2  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
SP  - 72
EP  - 82
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2328-5648
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20251402.16
AB  - Rice (Oryza sativa) is a staple, and cash crop used as the main source of calorie intake for humans and animals in the globe and feeds more than 3.5 billion people worldwide. Introduced to Ethiopia in the 1970s, rice has since become a key source of food, income, and employment for smallholder farmers. The research used a simple and systematic sampling technique to take 180 smallholder rice producers to examine the determinants of rice output market surplus in Northwester Ethiopia. The research used descriptive statistics and a multiple linear regression model. The descriptive statistics revealed that 87.22%, 52.78%, 46.11%, 47.22%, and 61.67% of the respondents were male-headed, got extension services, owned fertile rice land, were members of cooperatives, and owned their cell phones respectively. The multiple linear regression model identified that Adoption of improved rice variety, rice farming experience, cultivated land allocated for rice production, soil fertility, and training on rice production practices are variables that determined the rice output marketable surplus in Northwestern Ethiopia. All these factors maximize the marketable rice output surplus. Thus, policy interventions should focus on enhancing infrastructure, supporting farmer cooperatives, and promoting the adoption of modern agricultural technologies to improve productivity and competitiveness in the rice market. By overcoming these barriers, Ethiopia can further harness the potential of rice farming to improve food security and economic development for smallholder farmers.

VL  - 14
IS  - 2
ER  -

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