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Efficacy of BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) Against Whiteflies on Poinsettia and Dahlia

Received: 6 August 2016     Accepted: 17 August 2016     Published: 10 September 2016
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Abstract

Efficacy of the entomopathogen fungus, Beauveria bassiana (BotaniGard) was compared with conventional insecticides against whiteflies on Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and Dahlia (Dahlia coccinea) in Maranque plant located at Doni in Eastern Shoa zone of Ethiopia between December 2010 and March 2011. The experimental site measuring 1250 m² was divided in 6 bays. Three bays in alternative fashion were allocated for treatment with the test pesticide, BotaniGard and the other three for spraying with the conventional insecticides according to the routine practice of the farm. BotaniGard was applied at the concentration of 0.15% by mixing 150 ml of the product with 100 l of water weekly for the first ten weeks and twice weekly thereafter until the termination of the experiment. Mean whitefly number per treatment was calculated to examine population fluctuation in adjacent BotaniGard and control treatments of both Dahlia and poinsettia. To assess presence of statistical differences in whitefly population between treatments as well as between plant species, a student t-test was used using counts recorded from each of the 12 cards per treatment at the different weeks. Population of whiteflies was generally low in both plant species until 17 January 2011 without appreciable difference in whiteflies number between the BotaniGard and the conventional insecticides. Whiteflies number increased after 17 January in both plant species and peaked on 7 February 2011. Pest population in BotaniGard treated bed was lower than conventional insecticides treated bed during this period in both plant species. Whiteflies population in Poinsettia fluctuated between 3.9 and 42 per trap compared to between 0.6 and 24.8 in Dahlia in the conventional insecticide treatment. On BotaniGard treated plot, whiteflies number fluctuated between 2.5 and 17.6 in poinsettia and between 1.8 and 12.5 in Dahlia. This difference between Dahlia and poinsettia was significant (P<0.05) in 5 out of 12 sampling dates in the conventional treatment and in 7 out of 12 weeks in BotaniGard treatment. Dahlia was less susceptible to whiteflies and BotaniGard resulted in lower number of whiteflies than the conventional insecticide treatment. Hence, BotaniGard may be used as a viable alternative to reducing the use of chemical insecticides in the management of whiteflies in green house produced plants.

Published in Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (Volume 5, Issue 5)
DOI 10.11648/j.aff.20160505.16
Page(s) 181-185
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2016. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

BotaniGard, Beauveria bassiana, Conventional insecticide, Dahlia, Poinsettia, Whiteflies

References
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[2] Belder E., Elings A., Yilma Y., Dawd M. and Lemessa F. 2009. On-farm evaluation of Integrated Pest Management of Red spider mites in cut roses. Final report to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural development, WUR report 296, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
[3] Brodeur, J., and Rosenheim, J. A. 2000: Intraguild interactions in aphid parasitoids. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 97: 93-108.
[4] Byrne, D. N., and Bellows, T. S. 1991. Whitefly biology. Annual Review of Entomology 36: 431-457.
[5] Dreistadt, S. H. 2001. Integrated Pest Management for Floriculture and Nurseries. University of California, Oakland, CA, 422 pp.
[6] Gashawbeza Ayalew 2016. Comparison of biological and chemical control methods against whiteflies and thrips in green house herbs in the central rift valley of Ethiopia. ARPN Journal of Agricultural and Biological sciences 11 (1) 9-17.
[7] Gorman, K., Hewitt, F., Denholm, I., and Devine, G. J. 2002. New developments in insecticide resistance in glasshouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum) and the two-spotted spider mite (Tetranychusutricae) in the UK. Pest management science. 58: 123-130.
[8] Lacey, L. A., Fransen, J. J. and Carruthers, R. 1996. Global distribution of naturally occurring fungi of Bemisia, their biologies and use as biological control agents. In: D. Gerling and R. T. Mayer (eds), Bemisia 1995: Taxonomy, Biology, Damage, Control and Management. Intercept Ltd, Andover, pp. 401–433.
[9] Mead, D. L. and Byrne D. N. 1991. The use of Verticillium lecanii against subimaginal instars of Bemisistabaci, Journal of Invertiberate Pathology, 57: 296-298.
[10] Mesquita, A. L. M., Lacey, L. A. and Leclant, F. 1997. Individual and combined effects of the fungus, Pacilomyces fumoroseus and a parasitoid, Aphelinus asychis Walker (Hym. Aphelinidae) on confined populations of the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko) (Hom., Aphididae) under field conditions. Journal of Applied Entomology. 121: 155–163.
[11] Olson, D. L. and R. D. Oetting 1999. The compatibility of Insect Growth Regulators and Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin in Controlling Green Peach Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) on greenhouse Chrysanthemum. J. entomol. Sci. 34: 286-294.
[12] SAS Institute. (1999). SAS software: Version 8.0 for Windows. Cary, NC: Author.
[13] Shipp, J., Zhang, Y., Hunt, D., & Ferguson, G. (2003). Influence of Humidity and Greenhouse Microclimate on the Efficacy of Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) for Control of Greenhouse Arthropod Pests. Environmental entomology, 32: 1154–1163.
[14] Ugine, TA., Wraight, Sp., Sanderson, JP. 2007. A tritrophic effect of host plant on susceptibility of western flower thrips to the entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 96: 162-172.
[15] Van Lenteren, J. C. 2000. Measures of success in biological control of arthropods by augmentation of natural enemies, pp 77-103. In s. Wratten and G. Gur (eds.). Measures of success in Biological control Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, the Netherlands.
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    Gashawbeza Ayalew. (2016). Efficacy of BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) Against Whiteflies on Poinsettia and Dahlia. Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 5(5), 181-185. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20160505.16

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    Gashawbeza Ayalew. Efficacy of BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) Against Whiteflies on Poinsettia and Dahlia. Agric. For. Fish. 2016, 5(5), 181-185. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20160505.16

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    AMA Style

    Gashawbeza Ayalew. Efficacy of BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) Against Whiteflies on Poinsettia and Dahlia. Agric For Fish. 2016;5(5):181-185. doi: 10.11648/j.aff.20160505.16

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  • @article{10.11648/j.aff.20160505.16,
      author = {Gashawbeza Ayalew},
      title = {Efficacy of BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) Against Whiteflies on Poinsettia and Dahlia},
      journal = {Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries},
      volume = {5},
      number = {5},
      pages = {181-185},
      doi = {10.11648/j.aff.20160505.16},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20160505.16},
      eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.aff.20160505.16},
      abstract = {Efficacy of the entomopathogen fungus, Beauveria bassiana (BotaniGard) was compared with conventional insecticides against whiteflies on Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and Dahlia (Dahlia coccinea) in Maranque plant located at Doni in Eastern Shoa zone of Ethiopia between December 2010 and March 2011. The experimental site measuring 1250 m² was divided in 6 bays. Three bays in alternative fashion were allocated for treatment with the test pesticide, BotaniGard and the other three for spraying with the conventional insecticides according to the routine practice of the farm. BotaniGard was applied at the concentration of 0.15% by mixing 150 ml of the product with 100 l of water weekly for the first ten weeks and twice weekly thereafter until the termination of the experiment. Mean whitefly number per treatment was calculated to examine population fluctuation in adjacent BotaniGard and control treatments of both Dahlia and poinsettia. To assess presence of statistical differences in whitefly population between treatments as well as between plant species, a student t-test was used using counts recorded from each of the 12 cards per treatment at the different weeks. Population of whiteflies was generally low in both plant species until 17 January 2011 without appreciable difference in whiteflies number between the BotaniGard and the conventional insecticides. Whiteflies number increased after 17 January in both plant species and peaked on 7 February 2011. Pest population in BotaniGard treated bed was lower than conventional insecticides treated bed during this period in both plant species. Whiteflies population in Poinsettia fluctuated between 3.9 and 42 per trap compared to between 0.6 and 24.8 in Dahlia in the conventional insecticide treatment. On BotaniGard treated plot, whiteflies number fluctuated between 2.5 and 17.6 in poinsettia and between 1.8 and 12.5 in Dahlia. This difference between Dahlia and poinsettia was significant (P<0.05) in 5 out of 12 sampling dates in the conventional treatment and in 7 out of 12 weeks in BotaniGard treatment. Dahlia was less susceptible to whiteflies and BotaniGard resulted in lower number of whiteflies than the conventional insecticide treatment. Hence, BotaniGard may be used as a viable alternative to reducing the use of chemical insecticides in the management of whiteflies in green house produced plants.},
     year = {2016}
    }
    

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    T1  - Efficacy of BotaniGard (Beauveria bassiana) Against Whiteflies on Poinsettia and Dahlia
    AU  - Gashawbeza Ayalew
    Y1  - 2016/09/10
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    JF  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
    JO  - Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
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    SN  - 2328-5648
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.aff.20160505.16
    AB  - Efficacy of the entomopathogen fungus, Beauveria bassiana (BotaniGard) was compared with conventional insecticides against whiteflies on Poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) and Dahlia (Dahlia coccinea) in Maranque plant located at Doni in Eastern Shoa zone of Ethiopia between December 2010 and March 2011. The experimental site measuring 1250 m² was divided in 6 bays. Three bays in alternative fashion were allocated for treatment with the test pesticide, BotaniGard and the other three for spraying with the conventional insecticides according to the routine practice of the farm. BotaniGard was applied at the concentration of 0.15% by mixing 150 ml of the product with 100 l of water weekly for the first ten weeks and twice weekly thereafter until the termination of the experiment. Mean whitefly number per treatment was calculated to examine population fluctuation in adjacent BotaniGard and control treatments of both Dahlia and poinsettia. To assess presence of statistical differences in whitefly population between treatments as well as between plant species, a student t-test was used using counts recorded from each of the 12 cards per treatment at the different weeks. Population of whiteflies was generally low in both plant species until 17 January 2011 without appreciable difference in whiteflies number between the BotaniGard and the conventional insecticides. Whiteflies number increased after 17 January in both plant species and peaked on 7 February 2011. Pest population in BotaniGard treated bed was lower than conventional insecticides treated bed during this period in both plant species. Whiteflies population in Poinsettia fluctuated between 3.9 and 42 per trap compared to between 0.6 and 24.8 in Dahlia in the conventional insecticide treatment. On BotaniGard treated plot, whiteflies number fluctuated between 2.5 and 17.6 in poinsettia and between 1.8 and 12.5 in Dahlia. This difference between Dahlia and poinsettia was significant (P<0.05) in 5 out of 12 sampling dates in the conventional treatment and in 7 out of 12 weeks in BotaniGard treatment. Dahlia was less susceptible to whiteflies and BotaniGard resulted in lower number of whiteflies than the conventional insecticide treatment. Hence, BotaniGard may be used as a viable alternative to reducing the use of chemical insecticides in the management of whiteflies in green house produced plants.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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Author Information
  • EIAR, Melkassa Center, Adama, Ethiopia

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