In recent years, many countries, especially in low- and middle-income regions, have seen a concomitant increase in the prevalence of anemia and overweight among preschool children. Micronutrient deficiencies and overweight can simultaneously negatively affect children's physical growth, cognitive performance, and long-term health outcomes. This study is based on an analysis of epidemiological research, nutritional status assessments, and preventive health programs addressing anemia and overweight among preschool children. Scientific sources focusing on children aged two to five years were reviewed to identify common risk factors and effective prevention measures. The analysis aimed to synthesize existing evidence related to dietary patterns, lifestyle factors, and public health interventions relevant to the double burden of malnutrition in early childhood. The findings indicate that diets high in energy but low in essential micronutrients, particularly iron, contribute to the simultaneous development of anemia and overweight in preschool children. Insufficient physical activity, unhealthy dietary habits, socioeconomic challenges, and limited parental knowledge regarding appropriate child nutrition were identified as major contributing factors. These conditions increase the risk of both iron deficiency and excessive weight gain, often leading to delayed recognition and management of the problem. To address the identified challenges, promoting balanced diets rich in essential micronutrients is crucial. Encouraging breastfeeding and appropriate complementary feeding practices plays an important role in improving nutritional status during early childhood. In addition, food fortification programs and iron supplementation can help reduce the prevalence of anemia. Regular monitoring of children’s growth indicators and hemoglobin levels, nutrition education programs for parents and caregivers, and early screening for the double burden of malnutrition within primary healthcare services are essential components of effective prevention. In conclusion, the coexistence of anemia and overweight among preschool children represents a significant challenge for healthcare systems. This condition often remains unrecognized and, if not addressed in a timely manner, may result in serious consequences for children’s physical, cognitive, and social development. Anemia and overweight should be considered interconnected conditions rather than separate nutritional problems, requiring integrated and multisectoral approaches. Ensuring healthy dietary habits, promoting active lifestyles, and providing regular health monitoring from an early age can effectively prevent the double burden of malnutrition. Such measures are essential for supporting healthy growth and development and for securing the well being of future generations.

Anemia, Overweight, Preschool Children, Double Burden of Malnutrition, Nutrition, Preventive Strategies