Water pollution remains a critical global challenge, necessitating innovative and sustainable solutions for wastewater treatment. Biomass-based composites have emerged as an eco-friendly and efficient alternative to conventional treatment technologies, leveraging naturally available materials to remove contaminants such as heavy metals, dyes, and organic pollutants. Inspired by nature, these composites derived from agricultural residues, biochar, cellulose, chitosan, and other biomaterials, offer high adsorption capacity, biodegradability, and cost-effectiveness. This research explores the devel-opment, modification, and application of biomass-based composites in wastewater treatment. Advances in material science, nanotechnology, and surface chemistry have enabled the functionalization of biomass composites, improving their effi-ciency in targeted pollutant removal. By integrating fundamental scientific principles with sustainability goals, biomass composites represent a paradigm shift toward greener and more efficient wastewater treatment technologies. Also, these composites contribute to the advancement of circular economy principles while addressing global water challenges. Conclusively, this work underscores the potential of biomass-based materials as scalable, nature-inspired solutions for a cleaner and more sustainable future.

Sustainability, Biomass-Based Composites, Adsorption, Wastewater Treatment, Contaminants