International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research

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Comparative Study on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Breast Examination and Breast Cancer Screening Between First and Second Class Women of Kitwe District

Received: 31 October 2018    Accepted: 03 December 2018    Published: 02 March 2019
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Abstract

Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in both developing and developed countries. One major contributor to high morbidity is late diagnosis which is due to lack of knowledge of the risk factors, causes, early signs and symptoms and simple screening tools like Self Breast Examination (SBE) and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE). The aim of this study was to compare level of knowledge of BC, CBE and SBE as well as attitude and practice towards CBE and SBE between women in rural and urban areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 women who were residents of Parklands (Urban area) and Kawama (Rural area). Equal numbers of women from each area were recruited into the study. All the 300 questionnaires were properly filled and returned. Data was entered and analysed in SPSS version 20.0 software. The majority of participants (34.3%) were between the age of 36 and 45 years and resided in Parklands (59.2%). All the participants (100%) had heard about CBE but only 87.3% of these respondents were able to explain correctly what it is (53.7% urban and 42.7% rural). Of all the respondents, 57.7% had heard about Self Breast Examination before the day of the interview. The most common source of information of CBE was ‘friends’ (77%). Furthermore, 49.7% of the subjects had good knowledge about BC and CBE, while 28% had poor knowledge. Of all the women, 45% had good knowledge about BSE while 53.7% had poor knowledge. In addition, 96.3% of the respondents showed good attitude toward CBE and 3.7% showed poor attitude. Level of education showed significant relationship with Practice of CBE (P – value: 0.00), Practice of SBE (P- Value: 0.00), level of knowledge of CBE (P – value: 0.00) and level of knowledge of SBE (P – Value: 0.00). Lastly, attitude towards CBE did not seem to show any significant relationship with practice of CBE (P – Value: 0.522). The findings of the study showed that most of rural than urban women had poor knowledge about BC, CBE and SBE. Educational programs on breast cancer and SBE should be conducted in print and electronic media using the local languages to reach out to the women in rural areas.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180305.11
Published in International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research (Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2018)
Page(s) 59-71
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Breast Cancer, Clinical Breast Examination, Self-Breast Examination, Knowledge, Attitude, Practice, Kitwe

References
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[10] “American Cancer Association, Breast Cancer Survival Rates. https://www.amp.cancer.org/cancer/breast-cancer/understanding-a-breast-diagnosis/breast-cancer-survival-rate.html. Accessed on 20th October, 2018.
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[15] Amoroto, Jean B, Antonio, Frances Rica D., Anua, Gemma B. Arriola, Daniel Ryan II M., Bagaporo, and John Allen M (2014). Breast Self-Examination: Awareness, Compliance, and Confidence of Lyceum of the Philippines University - Laguna Students. CAM Research Journal Vol 2 No. 1 September 2014.
[16] Erlewein, Joni L., "Rural Women's Participation in Breast Self-Examination" (1998). Masters Theses. 367. http://scholarworks.gvsu.edu/theses/367 accessed on24th October, 2018.
[17] Veena K. S, Kollipaka. R and Rekha R (2015). The Knowledge and attitude of breast self-examination and mammography among rural women. Int J Reprod Contracept Obstet Gynecol. 2015 Oct; 4 (5): 1511-1516. www.ijrcog.org accessed on 25th October, 2018.
[18] Petro-Nustus. W and Mikhail. B (2002). Factors Associated with Breast Self-Examination among Jordanian Women. Public Health Nursing Vol. 19 No. 4, pp. 263–2710737-1209/02/$15.00. Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
[19] Mukupo. F. C (2006). Breast Self-Examination Practices among Rural (Solwezi) and Urban (Lusaka). A Dissertation submitted to the University of Zambia in partial fulfilment of the requirement for the award of the Degree of Masters of Science in Mursing MSc (N).
[20] Mukupo, FC and Mubita-Ngoma, CA. Breast Cancer Knowledge and Breast Self-Examination Practice among Rural and Urban Women in Zambia. Africa Journal of Nursing and Midwifery 9 (1) 2007 pp. 50–58.
[21] Veena D (2010). A Study to Assess the Knowledge and Attitude Regarding Breast Cancer and Breast Self-Examination among Women in Rural Phc of Tumkur, With A View to Develop Self Instructional Module” Proforma for Registration of Subjects For Community Health Nursing. Akshaya College of Nursing, Tumkur, Karnataka.
[22] Sideeq. K, Ayoub. T. T, and Khan. S. S. M (2017). Breast self-examination: assessing its knowledge attitude and practice among ethnic Kashmiri females. Int J Community Med Public Health. 2017 Sep; 4 (9): 3288-3292 http://www.ijcmph.comaccessed on 25th October, 2018.
[23] Iurigh. K. H, Majdi. M, Hajtalebi. H, Ghorbani. A and Hajtalebi. H (2016). Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices towards Breast Cancer Screening Programs among Iranian Rural Female Populations in North of Iran. International Journal of Life Science and Pharma Research. Vol 6/ Issue 2/April 2016.
[24] Obaji NC, Elom HA, Agwu UM, Nwigwe CG, Ezeonu PO, Umeora O (2013). Awareness and Practice of Breast Self-Examination among Market Women in Abakaliki, South East Nigeria. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2013; 3: 7-12.
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Author Information
  • Department of Public Health, Michael Chilufya Sata School of Medicine, Copperbelt University, Ndola, Zambia

  • Department of Biological Sciences, School of Mathematics & Natural Sciences, Copperbelt University, Kitwe, Zambia

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    Kennedy Zimba, Alfred Matafwali Sichilima. (2019). Comparative Study on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Breast Examination and Breast Cancer Screening Between First and Second Class Women of Kitwe District. International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research, 3(5), 59-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180305.11

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    ACS Style

    Kennedy Zimba; Alfred Matafwali Sichilima. Comparative Study on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Breast Examination and Breast Cancer Screening Between First and Second Class Women of Kitwe District. Int. J. Clin. Oncol. Cancer Res. 2019, 3(5), 59-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180305.11

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    AMA Style

    Kennedy Zimba, Alfred Matafwali Sichilima. Comparative Study on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Breast Examination and Breast Cancer Screening Between First and Second Class Women of Kitwe District. Int J Clin Oncol Cancer Res. 2019;3(5):59-71. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180305.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180305.11,
      author = {Kennedy Zimba and Alfred Matafwali Sichilima},
      title = {Comparative Study on the Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self Breast Examination and Breast Cancer Screening Between First and Second Class Women of Kitwe District},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {59-71},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180305.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180305.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcocr.20180305.11},
      abstract = {Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in both developing and developed countries. One major contributor to high morbidity is late diagnosis which is due to lack of knowledge of the risk factors, causes, early signs and symptoms and simple screening tools like Self Breast Examination (SBE) and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE). The aim of this study was to compare level of knowledge of BC, CBE and SBE as well as attitude and practice towards CBE and SBE between women in rural and urban areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 women who were residents of Parklands (Urban area) and Kawama (Rural area). Equal numbers of women from each area were recruited into the study. All the 300 questionnaires were properly filled and returned. Data was entered and analysed in SPSS version 20.0 software. The majority of participants (34.3%) were between the age of 36 and 45 years and resided in Parklands (59.2%). All the participants (100%) had heard about CBE but only 87.3% of these respondents were able to explain correctly what it is (53.7% urban and 42.7% rural). Of all the respondents, 57.7% had heard about Self Breast Examination before the day of the interview. The most common source of information of CBE was ‘friends’ (77%). Furthermore, 49.7% of the subjects had good knowledge about BC and CBE, while 28% had poor knowledge. Of all the women, 45% had good knowledge about BSE while 53.7% had poor knowledge. In addition, 96.3% of the respondents showed good attitude toward CBE and 3.7% showed poor attitude. Level of education showed significant relationship with Practice of CBE (P – value: 0.00), Practice of SBE (P- Value: 0.00), level of knowledge of CBE (P – value: 0.00) and level of knowledge of SBE (P – Value: 0.00). Lastly, attitude towards CBE did not seem to show any significant relationship with practice of CBE (P – Value: 0.522). The findings of the study showed that most of rural than urban women had poor knowledge about BC, CBE and SBE. Educational programs on breast cancer and SBE should be conducted in print and electronic media using the local languages to reach out to the women in rural areas.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    AU  - Alfred Matafwali Sichilima
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    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oncology and Cancer Research
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    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcocr.20180305.11
    AB  - Breast cancer (BC) is the second leading cause of cancer related deaths in both developing and developed countries. One major contributor to high morbidity is late diagnosis which is due to lack of knowledge of the risk factors, causes, early signs and symptoms and simple screening tools like Self Breast Examination (SBE) and Clinical Breast Examination (CBE). The aim of this study was to compare level of knowledge of BC, CBE and SBE as well as attitude and practice towards CBE and SBE between women in rural and urban areas. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 300 women who were residents of Parklands (Urban area) and Kawama (Rural area). Equal numbers of women from each area were recruited into the study. All the 300 questionnaires were properly filled and returned. Data was entered and analysed in SPSS version 20.0 software. The majority of participants (34.3%) were between the age of 36 and 45 years and resided in Parklands (59.2%). All the participants (100%) had heard about CBE but only 87.3% of these respondents were able to explain correctly what it is (53.7% urban and 42.7% rural). Of all the respondents, 57.7% had heard about Self Breast Examination before the day of the interview. The most common source of information of CBE was ‘friends’ (77%). Furthermore, 49.7% of the subjects had good knowledge about BC and CBE, while 28% had poor knowledge. Of all the women, 45% had good knowledge about BSE while 53.7% had poor knowledge. In addition, 96.3% of the respondents showed good attitude toward CBE and 3.7% showed poor attitude. Level of education showed significant relationship with Practice of CBE (P – value: 0.00), Practice of SBE (P- Value: 0.00), level of knowledge of CBE (P – value: 0.00) and level of knowledge of SBE (P – Value: 0.00). Lastly, attitude towards CBE did not seem to show any significant relationship with practice of CBE (P – Value: 0.522). The findings of the study showed that most of rural than urban women had poor knowledge about BC, CBE and SBE. Educational programs on breast cancer and SBE should be conducted in print and electronic media using the local languages to reach out to the women in rural areas.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 5
    ER  - 

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