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Environmental Change and Its Impacts on Lives and Livelihoods of South-Central Coastal Districts of Bangladesh
Md. Mahmudul Hasan,
Ruma Khanam,
Md. Ibrahim,
A. K. M. Mostafa Zaman
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
42-48
Received:
19 February 2018
Accepted:
5 March 2018
Published:
23 March 2018
Abstract: The coastal region of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to disasters due to its geographical location and cover about 20% of total land area and over 30% of the cultivated lands of the country. The coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh encompasses a highly functional and structurally diverse ecology e.g. the world’s largest mangroves forest (the Sundarbans), dunes, wetlands, beaches, and coral reefs. It provides a wide range of goods and services to the people of Bangladesh due to its dynamic natural environment. Climate related change represents potential additional stress on systems and the ecology in coastal zones is gradually being degraded. These bio-geophysical possessions will have subsequent effects on ecosystems and in time affect socio-economic systems in the coastal zone. Coastal zone have already been facing numerous climate change effects such as floods, salinity intrusion, river bank erosion, cold waves, cyclone, tornado, arsenic contamination in ground water and water logging; are gradually escalating by climate change and creating risks for the coastal people in Bangladesh. Research study is concerned with climate change related risks and hazards that affects the inhabitants of coastal Bangladesh. The study findings revealed that the climate change has affected the livelihood of coastal people in many sectors including scarcity of pure drinking water, extreme poverty, health problems, malnutrition, damage in crop cultivation, poultry, vegetables garden and fisheries. Elsewhere, it also created a state of unemployment among the peoples of coastal communities. As a result, the affected people are losing their means of livelihoods and forced to take several alternative ways to survive with the adverse impact of climate change associated disasters. Research paper reveals that the coastal community people try to solve their problems through embracing and exploring alternative employments. To reduce the impacts there are two options in the coastal zone of Bangladesh is that mitigation and adaptation. The country has very limited scope for mitigation cause of mitigation involves global efforts to execute and adaptation is more indigenous. As a result, effective adaptation policies and mitigation measures should be built-up and implemented to minimize climate related impacts on Bangladesh.
Abstract: The coastal region of Bangladesh is highly vulnerable to disasters due to its geographical location and cover about 20% of total land area and over 30% of the cultivated lands of the country. The coastal ecosystem of Bangladesh encompasses a highly functional and structurally diverse ecology e.g. the world’s largest mangroves forest (the Sundarbans...
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Analysis of Climate Variability Effects on Wheat Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f.sp tritici) Epidemics in Bale and Arsi Zones of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia
Tamene Mideksa,
Chemeda Fininsa,
Bekele Hundie
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
49-65
Received:
15 February 2018
Accepted:
7 March 2018
Published:
30 March 2018
Abstract: Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp tritici, is the most destructive disease of wheat in the world. Bale and Arsi zones are conducive for stem rust epidemics. The study was conducted in 2013 to assess and model the effect of climate variability on wheat stem rust epidemics. The meteorological and disease data for the year 2004 to 2013 of Sinana and Kulumsa were obtained from the respective research centers and were analyzed. Four bread wheat cultivars, namely Kubsa, Madawalabu, Sofumer and Tusie were included in the study. The present study showed that stem rust epidemics was higher at kulumsa than at Sinana over the last 10 years. The increased stem rust severity at Sinana and Kulumsa were due to the total seasonal rainfall increase during wheat growing seasons. A reduction in stem rust severity was manifested at Sinana and kulumsa as seasonal mean minimum temperature increased, whereas a reduction in stem rust severity occurred at Kulumsa as the seasonal average relative humidity increased. The total seasonal rainfall had positive effect on the development of wheat stem rust, while the seasonal mean minimum temperature and seasonal average relative humidity significantly affected the development of wheat stem rust in the field.
Abstract: Stem rust caused by Puccinia graminis f.sp tritici, is the most destructive disease of wheat in the world. Bale and Arsi zones are conducive for stem rust epidemics. The study was conducted in 2013 to assess and model the effect of climate variability on wheat stem rust epidemics. The meteorological and disease data for the year 2004 to 2013 of Sin...
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RBF Neural Network-Based Prediction and Inverse Calculation of Air Pollutant Emission Concentration
Zheng Xipeng,
Yang Shunsheng,
Xiang Wenchuan,
Chen Yu
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
66-73
Received:
26 June 2018
Accepted:
16 July 2018
Published:
9 August 2018
Abstract: The arrangement of the sensors in the air pollutant distribution space was designed by segmented array. A data prediction model for RBF neural network was created. Other air pollution data at the unknown positions were predicted by the data measured by the arranged sensors in order to reduce the sensor arrangement cost. According to the measured values and the predicted data, Gaussian plume diffusion model for air pollution was created, and the quadratic optimization model and inversion method for inverse calculation of single pollution source and multi pollution source were built. Single pollution source and double pollution source was inversely optimized by three different intelligent optimized algorithms in experimental simulation in order to obtain the accurate information on pollution sources. The validity of this method was verified so as to provide a reference for subsequent research.
Abstract: The arrangement of the sensors in the air pollutant distribution space was designed by segmented array. A data prediction model for RBF neural network was created. Other air pollution data at the unknown positions were predicted by the data measured by the arranged sensors in order to reduce the sensor arrangement cost. According to the measured va...
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Evaluation of Advanced Bread Wheat Lines for Field and Seedling Resistance to Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici)
Bekele Hundie,
Fikirte Yirga,
Daniel Kassa,
Endale Hailu,
Tamirat Negash,
Tsegaab Tesfaye,
Netsanet Bacha,
Yewubdar Shewaye,
Getaneh Woldeab,
Habte Zegaye,
Zerihun Tadesse,
Bedada Girma
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 2, June 2018
Pages:
74-82
Received:
2 May 2018
Accepted:
23 July 2018
Published:
28 August 2018
Abstract: Field-based adult plant resistance assessment at multi-location rust hot spot sites is a crucial job for those plant pathologists screening several wheat lines at a time against the rusts. Rust resistant bread wheat genotypes that have been extracted from previous studies have sustained wheat production in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was to evaluate advanced bread wheat lines extracted from wheat breeding trials against stem rust at adult plat stage under stem rust hot spot sites and at seedling stages in the greenhouse. Eighty three lines were further re-evaluated in consecutive two years. Check varieties were included for comparison. High disease pressure was developed on adult plant in the trial as it has been revealed by high severity on susceptible check varieties. Over years average final rust severity, co-efficient of infection and field reaction have used for differentiating Adult plant resistances. Based on ACI, the 843 genotypes evaluated in initial trial in 2013 were categorized into 10 resistance levels, of which 188 genotypes were in high level resistance category, revealing that various level of adult plant resistance is operating in these test materials. Most of 83 genotypes r-evaluated in consecutive two years after initial stage have sustained low final stem rust severity and coefficient of infection as compared with check varieties. Genotypes were varied by adult plant reaction to stem rust, however, lines ETBW7818, ETBW7819, ETBW7258, ETBW 8008, ETBW 8009, ETBW 8017, ETBW 8027, ETBW 8052, ETBW 8054 and ETBW 8055 concisely showed a reaction of R to R-MR invariably with environments. Of the 83 lines tested at seedling stages against four races, 21 lines exhibited resistance to three races JRCQC, TKTTF, TTKSK and TRTTF whereas 24 lines showed susceptibility to the latter three races. Based on adult reaction, final disease severity and coefficient of infection data, Sixty six bread wheat lines and two cultivars Shorima and Huluka sustained final rust severity <30% and low ACI are acceptable for rust resistance breeding in wheat, However, 52 lines showed comparable resistance to Shorima or Hulluka are the priority materials to be used for developing resistant cultivars potentially combining non-race specific and race specific genes which is more durable than cultivars with major resistance gene effect and more efficient than sole adult plant resistance. Inherent resistance genes of these lines are unknown and warrant further description.
Abstract: Field-based adult plant resistance assessment at multi-location rust hot spot sites is a crucial job for those plant pathologists screening several wheat lines at a time against the rusts. Rust resistant bread wheat genotypes that have been extracted from previous studies have sustained wheat production in Ethiopia. The objective of this study was ...
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