Seasonal Assessment of Heavy Metal Contaminants of a Hospital Wastewater and Potentials of Water Hyacinth, Water Lettuce and Vetiver Grass in Its Phytoremediation
Abdullahi Ahmed Fatima,
Abdullahi Shuaibu Akpai,
Abolude David Sunday,
Yahya Ocholi
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
97-101
Received:
20 July 2022
Accepted:
9 October 2022
Published:
29 October 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.11
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Abstract: Pollution is a major environmental issue in the world due to its adverse effect on living organism. In the past few decades, uncontrolled urbanization has caused serious pollution problem due to the disposal of sewage, industrial and hospital effluents to water bodies. In this study, the Heavy Metals concentration of a hospital wastewater treatment plants in Zaria, Kaduna state was assessed for a whole season to develop a baseline data on the pollution status of the water and the potentials of water hyacinth in the phytoremediation of the water was evaluated for further removal of the contaminants to reduce the pollution to a minimal status. Some Heavy Metals in the wastewater were analyzed like Co, Cr, Cu, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn and Cd using Digestion and Atomic Absorbance Spectrometry method with T-test statistically and concentrations of 0.03±0.02, 0.13±0.01, 0.057±0.01, 1.00±0.40, 0.25±0.03, 0.18±0.04, 0.04±0.03, 1.31±0.33 and 0.46±0.29 respectively in dry season. And in wet season; Co (0.10±0.07), Cr (0.21±0.03), Cu (0.02±0.00), Mg (2.25±0.56), Mn (0.23±0.03), Ni (0.13±0.04), Pb (0.14±0.06), Zn (2.18±0.47) and Cd (0.47±0.23) were obtained respectively with significant differences at p>0.05 in Cr and Pb concentrations between dry and wet season. Ni and Pb were found to be above acceptable threshold for WHO and NESREA guidelines and standards but within permissible limit for FAO while Cd, Co and Mn were above acceptable limit for the standard guidelines. Phytoremediation is an attractive alternative to the conventional cleanup technologies that employ plants and their associated microorganisms to remove, contain, or rendered harmless environmental contaminants. In this study, Young Plants of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) and Vetiver grass (Chrysopogon zizanoides) were used hydroponically for further remediation of the treated effluent, as based on above values of Ni, Pb, Cd, Co, and Mn, showing the effluent is unfit for human consumption or irrigation purposes.
Abstract: Pollution is a major environmental issue in the world due to its adverse effect on living organism. In the past few decades, uncontrolled urbanization has caused serious pollution problem due to the disposal of sewage, industrial and hospital effluents to water bodies. In this study, the Heavy Metals concentration of a hospital wastewater treatment...
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Development of a Groundwater Quality Prediction Model for the M'pody Village of Anyama
Meless Djedjro Franck-Renaud,
Gbagbo Tchape Aubin,
Kpaibe Sawa Andre Philippe,
Yapo Toussaint Wolfgang,
Kouassi-Agbessi Therese Brah,
Amin N’cho Christophe
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
102-111
Received:
22 September 2022
Accepted:
7 November 2022
Published:
16 November 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.12
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Abstract: Context: In the village of M'pody in the Anyama district, located about 60 kilometers from the town of Anyama, a diarrhea epidemic was detected in January 2020 and affected 69 people, mostly children aged 0 to 5 years. According to the affected population, these cases of diarrhea were related to the consumption of water from the improved village water system, which had not been maintained for nearly three years. The objective of this work was to develop a bacteriological characterization model of the water table in the village of M'pody (Ivory coast) based on physicochemical parameters and meteorology in order to estimate the concentration of indicator germs of fecal pollution (Escherichia coli) by well. Methods: The methodology consisted of four water sampling campaigns per well during the year's four seasons on all 72 wells in this region, for a total of 288 visits. Conventional physico-chemical parameters were determined using electrochemical and spectrophotometric methods. Bacteriological parameters were determined by the membrane filtration technique. A sanitary inspection was also carried out. The development of the prediction model for the Escherichia coli indicator was performed using a linear mixed model. The performance of our model was evaluated by bootstrap and k-fold cross-validation techniques. Results: The mixed linear model with random intercept (log transformation) chosen following the spaghetti plot and likelihood ratio test gave the following results: The predictive model explained 30,24% of the variance in Escherichia coli concentrations (log transformation). It is based on 9 variables. Validation of the model performance by bootstrap gave us a very low relative bias < 5%, average prediction errors (RMSE) and absolute prediction errors per K-fold lower than 2,5. Conclusion: The development of the statistical model for predicting concentrations of fecal pollution indicator bacteria in wells was made possible by the existence of reliable databases. These databases made it possible to use 9 explanatory variables in a scientific approach to explaining the variable explained Escherichia coli. The validation of the predictive performances by K-fold and bootstrap showed that the model predictions are accurate and the bootstrap estimates of the parameters are unbiased. This implemented model could be used in the event of a declaration of waterborne diseases in this locality before the results of the microbiological analysis are returned.
Abstract: Context: In the village of M'pody in the Anyama district, located about 60 kilometers from the town of Anyama, a diarrhea epidemic was detected in January 2020 and affected 69 people, mostly children aged 0 to 5 years. According to the affected population, these cases of diarrhea were related to the consumption of water from the improved village wa...
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A Review: Protected Areas of Pakistan Management and Current Issues
Allah Nawaz Khan,
Hamid Aziz Khan,
Esraa El Saeed Ibrahim Ammar
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
112-116
Received:
7 November 2022
Accepted:
8 December 2022
Published:
29 December 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajbes.20220804.13
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Abstract: Significant studies conducted over the past ten years have demonstrated the numerous advantages that protected areas, like the (Natura) 2000 network, and green infrastructure have for the economy and the welfare of people. Examples include the advantages of carbon storage, water supply and purification, flood control, soil retention, leisure and tourism, and the availability of fish and wood. These evaluations have aided in raising awareness of the value of protecting biodiversity, attracting funds for maintenance and restoration, and promoting responsible participation in protected areas. Protecting biodiversity is necessary for sustainable development. It provides us with possibilities for utilizing resources now and in the future. Pakistan has protected areas, including 14 national parks, 99 wildlife sanctuaries, 96 game reserves, 16 unclassified areas (private, proposed, or suggested), a biosphere reserve, and 9 wetlands designated by the Ramsar Convention. These groupings cover 9,170,121ha (10.4%) of the land. Pakistan's Protected Areas encompass most habitats. Size, distribution, and management don't satisfy ecosystem needs. Policy and legal frameworks, enforcement of laws, capacity building, incentives, and funding from federal and provincial governments are all mandated by various statutes aimed at protecting biodiversity. Preserving and using biological diversity requires federal policies and programs. Present review focus on importance of conservation and future assessment for inhibiting biodiversity loss.
Abstract: Significant studies conducted over the past ten years have demonstrated the numerous advantages that protected areas, like the (Natura) 2000 network, and green infrastructure have for the economy and the welfare of people. Examples include the advantages of carbon storage, water supply and purification, flood control, soil retention, leisure and to...
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