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Gender Disparity in Access to Agricultural Resources and Services (Evidence from Arba Minch Zuria Woreda of Southern Ethiopia)
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
184-187
Received:
14 April 2017
Accepted:
8 May 2017
Published:
17 October 2017
Abstract: The study was conducted at Arba Minch Zuria Woreda. The main objective of this study was focused on the assessment of gender disparity in access to agricultural resources and services. This study covers the two Kebeles from the Arba Minch Zuria Woreda. From those two Kebeles 104 respondent household sware included in this study. The data were analyzed through simple descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) and inferential statistics (independent t-test). The result showed that male respondents had better mean land holding and irrigated land size than that of female respondents. Male respondents had better access to irrigation water than female respondents. The reasons behind this were in the study area the irrigation was labor and capital intensive practice. Therefore, those who have low family labor have less access to use irrigation water. Motorized water pump was less adopted by both male and female respondents. The reason was its high purchasing and maintenance cost. Therefore, it was not afforded by most of the farmers. The result also shows that male farmers have better access to extension training than female farmers. In the study area both male and female respondent farmers were affected by different constraints in access to productive resource. The finding suggested that, the governmental and non-governmental organization should give empathies for adult education and extension training for women. It improves women’s awareness and understanding about different agricultural resources and improved farm technologies.
Abstract: The study was conducted at Arba Minch Zuria Woreda. The main objective of this study was focused on the assessment of gender disparity in access to agricultural resources and services. This study covers the two Kebeles from the Arba Minch Zuria Woreda. From those two Kebeles 104 respondent household sware included in this study. The data were analy...
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Analysis of Genetic Variability Among Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes for Growth, Yield and Yield Components in Bore District, Oromia Regional State
Obsa Chimdesa,
Wassu Mohammed,
Firdissa Eticha
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
188-199
Received:
19 April 2017
Accepted:
30 August 2017
Published:
17 October 2017
Abstract: In Ethiopia, a number of improved bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties have been released by different research centres. All of these varieties were, however, not evaluated in Bore District for growth, yield and yield components which are necessary for identification of adaptable varieties for this major wheat growing District. Field experiments was conducted in 2013/14 cropping season by utilizing 21 released varieties and 4 promising lines using Randomized Complete Block Design where genotypes were replicated three times and 14 characters were recorded. Results of the analysis of variance revealed that genotypes were differed significantly for all characters studied. Genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) ranged from 4.59 (days to maturity) to 13.76% (grain yield per hectare), while phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) ranged between 5.03 (days to maturity) to 20.85% (grain yield per hectare). Heritability in broad sense and genetic advance as percent of mean (GAM) ranged from 33.33% (Tillers per plant) to 84.67% (Peduncle length) and 8.66% (Days to maturity) to 18.74% (grain yield per hectare), respectively. Grain yield per hectare was positively correlated with biological yield per plot and harvest index, but was negatively correlated with peduncle length both at genotypic and phenotypic level. The computed path coefficient for yield showed that days to maturity, number of productive tillers, and biological yield per plot, harvest index, and spike length had positive direct effect, while days to heading and grain filling period, had high negative direct effect at both genotypic and phenotypic levels. Generally, it has been observed the presence of variability among the genotypes studied and 18.74% grain yield gain is possible by exerting 5% selection intensity which can be exploited to improve yield in the District.
Abstract: In Ethiopia, a number of improved bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties have been released by different research centres. All of these varieties were, however, not evaluated in Bore District for growth, yield and yield components which are necessary for identification of adaptable varieties for this major wheat growing District. Field experi...
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Effects of Salinity on Some Haematological and Biochemical Parameters in Nile Tilapia, Oreochromus niloticus
Naglaa Elarabany,
Mohammed Bahnasawy,
Gamal Edrees,
Rajab Alkazagli
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
200-205
Received:
15 September 2017
Accepted:
26 September 2017
Published:
5 November 2017
Abstract: Any change in haematological and biochemical parameters could be a predictor of unfavorable environment or effect of different stress factors. The present study was designed to assess different salinity concentration induced changes in some haematological and biochemical parameters in 64 O. niloticus fishes captured from Manzala Lake (Egypt), they were acclimatized and fed with commercial fish diet for one week before starting the experiment for another 2 weeks. Fishes were divided into 4 equal groups assigned as; control, 4g NaCl\L, 8 g NaCl\L and 12 g NaCl\L. RBCs, HCT, Hb concentration, platelets count, superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, potassium level and serum total protein were estimated. The HCT, Hb concentration, platelets count and potassium levels were significantly higher in (4gNaCl\L, 8gNaCl\L and12gNaCl\L, respectively). The Superoxide dismutase activity (SOD), total protein, RBCs and catalase activit were significantly lower in (4gNaCl\L, 8g NaCl\L and 12gNaCl\L, respectively) compared to the control group. Other parameters such as WBCs, haematimetric indices (MCV, MCH, MCHC), malonedialdhyde (MDA) level, carbonyl protein (CP), glutathione reductase (GR) activity, as well as serum sodium, glucose, cortisol and IgM, did not show any significant differences in the estimated salinity concentrations.
Abstract: Any change in haematological and biochemical parameters could be a predictor of unfavorable environment or effect of different stress factors. The present study was designed to assess different salinity concentration induced changes in some haematological and biochemical parameters in 64 O. niloticus fishes captured from Manzala Lake (Egypt), they ...
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Floristic Composition and Community Analysis of Berbere Forest, Bale Zone, South East Ethiopia
Tesfaye Bogale,
Demeke Datiko,
Shiferaw Belachew
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
206-213
Received:
26 August 2017
Accepted:
30 September 2017
Published:
10 November 2017
Abstract: The study was conducted on Berbere forest in Bale Zone of Oromia National Regional State, South east of Ethiopia with the objective of determining the floristic composition and community type of the forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data. Seventy two quadrat size of 400 m2 (20 m x 20 m) for trees, shrubs and lianas and five 1 m2 (1 m x 1 m) for herbs one at each corner and one at the center of the main plot were used. In each of these quadrants, all vascular plant species were collected and brought to National Herbarium, Addis Ababa University for identification. Vegetation classification was performed using PC-ORD software packages. Sorensens’s similarity coefficient and Shannon-Wiener diversity index were also used to detect similarities among communities and to compute species richness and evenness between the plant communities’ respectively. A total of two hundred one plant species in 157 genera and 65 families were identified from the forest. Fabaceae and Asteraceae are the dominant families in terms of species richness. Based on the results of vegetation classification, three plant communities (Terminalia brownie-Psydrax schimperiana, Warburgia ugandensis - Podocarpus falcatus, and Euclea racemosa subsp. schimperi-Combretum molle) were recognized and described. Ethnobotanical studies to explore indigenous knowledge on the diverse uses of plants, and sound management and monitoring as well as maintenance of biodiversity that promote sustainable use of the forest and its products are recommended.
Abstract: The study was conducted on Berbere forest in Bale Zone of Oromia National Regional State, South east of Ethiopia with the objective of determining the floristic composition and community type of the forest. Systematic sampling method was used to collect vegetation data. Seventy two quadrat size of 400 m2 (20 m x 20 m) for trees, shrubs and lianas a...
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Octopus (Enterocopus dofleini) Liver Extract Displays Triglyceride-Lowering Effect in HepG2 Cells
Yasushi Hasegawa,
Tomohiko Hori
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 6, December 2017
Pages:
214-218
Received:
11 October 2017
Accepted:
26 October 2017
Published:
22 November 2017
Abstract: Fatty liver disease is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and other fats in the liver cells and is believed to be a risk of later chronic liver disease. Diet is one of the key ways to treat fatty liver disease. Octopus (Enterocopus dofleini) liver is eaten in some regions in Japan, but mostly discarded. For utilization of octopus liver, the lipid-lowering effect of octopus (Enterocopus dofleini) liver extract was investigated using human hepatoma cells (HepG2 cells). The present study showed that the octopus liver extract reduced the triglyceride content, but not cholesterol content, in HepG2 cells. Treatment with the octopus liver extract increased the mRNA expression of genes for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α, medium chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD), and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) associated with β-oxidation. On the contrary, the extract did not change the mRNA expression of genes for sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP)-1, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD)-1, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ involved in fatty acid synthesis. These results suggest that octopus liver extract may decrease the triglyceride level in HepG2 cells by promoting β-oxidation, suggestive of its usefulness as a food for lowering triglycerides in liver.
Abstract: Fatty liver disease is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and other fats in the liver cells and is believed to be a risk of later chronic liver disease. Diet is one of the key ways to treat fatty liver disease. Octopus (Enterocopus dofleini) liver is eaten in some regions in Japan, but mostly discarded. For utilization of octopus li...
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