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Predicting Growth and Yield Models for Eucalyptus Species in Aek Nauli, North Sumatera, Indonesia
Siti Latifah,
Teodoro Reyes Villanueva,
Myrna Gregorio Carandang,
Nathaniel Cena Bantayan,
Leonardo M. Florece
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
209-216
Received:
13 June 2014
Accepted:
3 July 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: This study was conducted primarily to develop a yield prediction model for Eucalyptus spp plantations in Aek Nauli, North Sumatera, Indonesia as a contribution to sustain development and management of forest plantations. Data for growth and yield model were collected from the inventory and permanent sample plots (PSPs). The data in this study used 650 rhombic plots consisting of 106 PSPs and 544 inventory plots with several variations of plot size. Stands’ features referred to diameter, height, merchantable volume, age, species, spacing, site index, basal area, and density of Eucalyptus species. Models using initial age, specifically, model 2 was found consistently to be the best model in most Eucalyptus plantations. Among the models using initial and projection age, model 4 was the better one. Model 2 using original ages looks better than model 4 because of it is being more reliable and its sigmoid growth curve. Nonetheless, significant differences were noticed between different models for predicting the merchantable volume of Eucalyptus spp. Plantations. Growth and yield models can be used to identify the best growing species of Eucalyptus spp. E. hybrid is recommended for plantation in this study area because it had the highest of merchantable volume.
Abstract: This study was conducted primarily to develop a yield prediction model for Eucalyptus spp plantations in Aek Nauli, North Sumatera, Indonesia as a contribution to sustain development and management of forest plantations. Data for growth and yield model were collected from the inventory and permanent sample plots (PSPs). The data in this study ...
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The Most Important Factors Affecting Yield of the Eucalyptus Species
Siti Latifah,
Teodoro Reyes Villanueva,
Myrna Gregorio Carandang,
Nathaniel Cena Bantayan,
Leonardo M. Florece
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
217-223
Received:
14 June 2014
Accepted:
10 July 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: This study was conducted primarily to obtain factors affecting yield for forest plantation Eucalyptus spp in Aek Nauli, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The data in this study used 650 rhombic plots consisting of 106 PSPs and 544 inventory plots with several variations of plot size. Stands features referred to diameter, height, merchantable volume, age, species, spacing, site index, basal area, and density of Eucalyptus species. Geographical features referred to slope, elevation, rain fall and soil of the study area .The most important factors affecting yield of the E. hybrid, E. urophylla, and all Eucalyptus species are rainfall followed by soil group A while for E. grandis, E. pellita and mixed Eucalyptus are stand density, elevation, interaction site index and age, respectively.
Abstract: This study was conducted primarily to obtain factors affecting yield for forest plantation Eucalyptus spp in Aek Nauli, North Sumatera, Indonesia. The data in this study used 650 rhombic plots consisting of 106 PSPs and 544 inventory plots with several variations of plot size. Stands features referred to diameter, height, merchantable volume, age, ...
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Forest Offence Types, Trends and Lapses: Case Study of the Nkawie Forest District of Ghana from 2005-2010
Mercy A. A. Derkyi,
Ton Dietz
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
224-232
Received:
14 June 2014
Accepted:
24 June 2014
Published:
20 July 2014
Abstract: The documented analysis of the forest offences revealed eight forest offence types with prevalent cases being chainsaw milling, illegal logging and illegal farming. Between 2005 and 2010, the district recorded 121 offences with more offences occurring in the on-reserve areas than in the off-reserve areas. The timber species, which was most exploited illegally is Triplochiton scleroxylon (wawa), a scarlet star-rated species, which is under imminent economic threat. Analyses of the official records revealed lapses in record keeping since there are no references to the outcomes of most offences, especially those relating to cases under investigation by the Police and Regional Forest Services Division. A call for capacity development of the frontline staff of the Forest Services Division at the District levels is paramount especially in detecting, collecting, entering and analyzing forest offences cases and outcomes as well as training in forest investigation and incident management. Furthermore, equipping the district offices with the requisite technological equipment like computers and accessories, software and real-time Global Positioning System (GPS) trackers will enhance effective monitoring and data management of forest resources especially when Ghana is committed in ensuring timber legality under the Voluntary Partnership Agreement.
Abstract: The documented analysis of the forest offences revealed eight forest offence types with prevalent cases being chainsaw milling, illegal logging and illegal farming. Between 2005 and 2010, the district recorded 121 offences with more offences occurring in the on-reserve areas than in the off-reserve areas. The timber species, which was most exploite...
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Nutritional Evaluation of Varying Levels of Cooked Flamboyant Seed Meal (Delonix Regia) on the Growth Performance and Body Composition of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis Niloticus) Fingerlings
Gabriel Gana Bake,
Elizabeth Itunu Martins,
Suleiman Omeiza Eku Sadiku
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
233-239
Received:
17 April 2014
Accepted:
6 May 2014
Published:
30 July 2014
Abstract: A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion level of cooked Delonix regia seed meal (CDRM) in the practical diet of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings through their growth performance and nutrient utilization for 56 days. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 35% crude protein and 9.5% lipid, CDRM was included at different varying inclusion levels viz: 0, 10, 15 and 20 and were designated as D1 (0 % inclusion), D2 (10 % inclusion), D3 (15 % inclusion) and D4 (20 % inclusion). Each treatment was allocated to three tanks of twenty O. niloticus per tank with initial mean weight of 1.18±0.10g. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) in the survival rate of all the treatments, D2 has the highest value in percentage weight gain, specific growth rate, feed intake, protein efficiency and protein retention, while D4 (20% inclusion) had the lowest value in all the growth parameters and feed utilization measured. However, there is no significant difference (P>0.05) between fish fed D3 (15% inclusion) and D1 (control: 0% inclusion). Proximate composition result revealed that increase in the inclusion level of cooked Delonix regia lead to an increase in carcass lipid content and a decrease in the moisture content of the fish fed experimental diet. The results indicate 10-15% inclusion of Delonix regia seed meal improved growth performance and nutrient utilization of Nile tilapia fingerlings.
Abstract: A feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effect of inclusion level of cooked Delonix regia seed meal (CDRM) in the practical diet of Oreochromis niloticus fingerlings through their growth performance and nutrient utilization for 56 days. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic experimental diets were formulated to contain 35% crude protein and 9....
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Strategies of Eco-Friendly Stimulant Use Policy in Perum Perhutani, Indonesia
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
240-248
Received:
17 July 2014
Accepted:
8 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: The use of strong acid H2SO4 stimulant (AN-ORGANIC) in effort to improve resin results in Perum Perhutani area is proved not safe for workers and the environment. On the other hand, eco-friendly stimulants such as ETRAT has been used in most areas of Perhutani and wood vinegar were developed. This research is aimed to identify strategies of eco-friendly stimulant use policies in tapping pine. Data collection was conducted through in-depth interviews to several informants consisting of tapper community, foreman, Ranger, Head of RPh, Head of KPH, Deputy head of KPH, NTFPs section chief, Head and deputy chief Production Unit. Selection of informants is carried out purposively that is derived from pine resin producing areas 3 largest in Perum Perhutani (KPH Banyumas West, KPH Kediri and KPH Sukabumi). The results showed that the strategy of eco-friendly stimulant use policies could be adopted by Perhutani with four strategies: 1) Increase the use of eco-friendly stimulant by utilizing eco-friendly wood vinegar-based stimulant produced by Perhutani; 2) Implement eco-friendly wood vinegar-based stimulant produced by Perhutani to press the price of an expensive eco-friendly stimulant; 3) Increase the use of eco-friendly and safer stimulant innovation to convince Perhutani so that eco-friendly stimulant can be accepted and used extensively; and 4) Press eco-friendly stimulant prices through innovations that could be accepted usage in Perhutani thoroughly.
Abstract: The use of strong acid H2SO4 stimulant (AN-ORGANIC) in effort to improve resin results in Perum Perhutani area is proved not safe for workers and the environment. On the other hand, eco-friendly stimulants such as ETRAT has been used in most areas of Perhutani and wood vinegar were developed. This research is aimed to identify strategies of eco-fri...
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Comparison and Relationship between Water Parameters and Abundance of Insects in Field and Irrigation System of Paddy Area of Sungai Burong, Tanjung Karang, Selangor, Malaysia
Norazliza R.,
Fauziah I.,
Mohd Rasdi Z.,
Fairuz K.,
Ismail R.
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
249-256
Received:
18 July 2014
Accepted:
6 August 2014
Published:
20 August 2014
Abstract: Any disturbance that occurs in agro-ecosystem especially in alteration of water quality has significant effects towards the diversity and distribution of insects. Improper agronomic practices in plantation areas such as the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides may cause the disturbance of water quality. Thus, affecting the diversity and distribution of the insect communities. Following to that, the intention of this study is to determine the effect of water parameter on abundance of beneficial insects in the paddy field of Sungai Burong at two seasons of sampling periods. Indeed, sampling was done in both paddy plots and drains. The measurement of water temperature, salinity, turbidity, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO in mg/L and %) was analyzed using YSI 550A Multi-parameter probe while the suspended solid, ammonia, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were analyzed in the laboratory. The results showed that there were relationships between all beneficial insects with water parameters. Moreover, the water temperature, DO, BOD and COD were good predictors for abundances of beneficial insects which were Anisoptera, Zygoptera, Gerridae and Coccinellidae. Therefore, it was recommended that all farmers maintain the quality of water in inlet, paddy plots and drains at the acceptable level thus, the abundance of beneficial insects can be increased, reducing the dependency on application of insecticides.
Abstract: Any disturbance that occurs in agro-ecosystem especially in alteration of water quality has significant effects towards the diversity and distribution of insects. Improper agronomic practices in plantation areas such as the extensive use of fertilizers and pesticides may cause the disturbance of water quality. Thus, affecting the diversity and dist...
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Bioefficacy of Allium sativum (L.) Oil and Capsicum annum Miller (Chili Pepper) Fruit Powder Against Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) Infestation in Stored Cowpea Grains
Duna Madu Mailafiya,
Fatima Mohammed Maina,
Michael Mamman Degri,
Habila Atirbau Sharah
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
257-263
Received:
23 May 2014
Accepted:
16 July 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: The oil and fruit powder of Allium sativum Linn and Capsicum annum Miller (chili pepper) respectively and the combination of both were evaluated in the laboratory (30 - 35˚C and 60 - 65% RH) against the pulse beetle - Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infestation of stored cowpea grains. The bioactivity of these plant materials on C. maculatus oviposition, adult (F1) emergence, developmental period, percentage grain damage and percentage adult mortality were assessed on two cowpea grain cultivars (Borno Brown and Borno White) admixed (singly and in combination) at the rates of 0.0% (control), 0.5/0.4%, 1/0.8%, 1.5/1.2% and 2/1.6% (wt/wt) concentration. Ten pairs or 35 adult beetles (zero to three days old) were introduced in each experimental jar for all the parameters tested. All tests were carried out in a complete randomized design (CRD) replicated four times, and data generated were subjected to the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The number of eggs laid, number of adult beetles (F1) emerged and percentage grain damage significantly (P<0.05) reduced compared to the untreated control, whilst percentage adult mortality increased on treated cowpea grains of both Borno Brown and Borno White. The mean values of all the parameters were generally lower or higher at the highest test concentration, 2/1.6% (wt/wt), respectively. Progeny development of C. maculatus was significantly (P<0.05) longer on cowpea grains of both cultivars treated with A. sativum oil and A. sativum oil plus C. annum powder than on those treated with C. annum powder as well as untreated control. In summary, these results indicate the relatively high potential of A. sativum oil and A. sativum oil plus C. annum powder as cowpea grain protectants against C. maculatus infestation especially at higher rates over C. annum powder that proved less effective.
Abstract: The oil and fruit powder of Allium sativum Linn and Capsicum annum Miller (chili pepper) respectively and the combination of both were evaluated in the laboratory (30 - 35˚C and 60 - 65% RH) against the pulse beetle - Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae) infestation of stored cowpea grains. The bioactivity of these plant materials ...
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Agro-Economic Performance of Crop Diversification in Rice Based Cropping Systems of Northwest Bangladesh
Md. Abu Zaman Sarker,
Md. Ashraful Alam,
Akbar Hossain,
Md. Abdul Mannaf
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
264-270
Received:
16 June 2014
Accepted:
10 July 2014
Published:
30 August 2014
Abstract: Among the winter (Rabi) crops, wheat is one of the most important temperature-sensitive crops and is the second most important grain crop after rice in Bangladesh. An experiment was conducted in research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh with 5 different cropping patterns including wheat and transplanted (T) Aman rice, and a non-wheat cropping pattern started from Rabi of 2008-09 to Kharif II of 2012 to evaluate the agronomic and economic performance of the patterns in the light soil of northwestern part of Bangladesh. Wheat-Jute-T.Aman Rice cropping pattern gave comparable gross margin with higher benefit-cost ratio (BCR) but need lower total variable cost. Lower gross return and gross margin were obtained from cropping pattern Wheat-T.Aus Rice-T.Aman Rice. Cropping pattern Wheat-Mungbean-T.Aman Rice produced higher gross return and gross margin than the cropping pattern Wheat-T.Aus Rice-T.Aman Rice. Cropping pattern Potato-Wheat-Maize-T.Aman Rice produced higher wheat equivalent yield in all the 4 years. Cropping pattern Wheat-T.Aus Rice-T.Aman Rice produced lower wheat equivalent yield than other cropping patterns and also induced acidity rapidly. Cropping pattern Wheat-Mungbean-T.Aman Rice needed lowest cost but gave economic benefit with comparable BCR.
Abstract: Among the winter (Rabi) crops, wheat is one of the most important temperature-sensitive crops and is the second most important grain crop after rice in Bangladesh. An experiment was conducted in research field of Wheat Research Centre, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Dinajpur, Bangladesh with 5 different cropping patterns including whea...
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Decomposition Rate of Pigs’ Manures and Nutrient Release Pattern in Wetland Condition
Bokossa Hervé Kouessivi Janvier,
Saïdou Aliou,
Fiogbé Emile Didier,
Kossou Dansou
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
271-278
Received:
13 August 2014
Accepted:
26 August 2014
Published:
10 September 2014
Abstract: Recent studies reported the important contribution of animal dejections as organic manure for crop production but, little is known on the decomposition rate and nutrient release pattern in wetland of the manure of pigs nourished with diet enriched with Azolla filiculoides. A litter bag study was carried out under full control during 6 weeks in pots containing 25 liters of tap water and 15g of pigs’ dejection in each decomposition bag. The experimental design was a completely randomized block design with three replications. The treatments consisted of dejections of pigs nourished with : T1 (recommended diet composition) consisted of 15% Azolla + 55% provender + 5% coconut copra + 5% oil palm + 5% soybean bran + 10% rice bran + 5% kitchen waste ; T2 (partially improved diet with Azolla) consisted of 30% Azolla + 65% rice bran + 5% oil palm ; T3 (improved diet with Azolla) consisted of 47.5% Azolla + 47.5% rice bran + 5% oil palm; and T4 (improved diet with cereal bran) consisted of 15% Azolla + 40% rice bran + 40% wheat bran + 5% oil palm). Four pigs per diet were considered leading to 16 white landrace pigs of six months age. Decomposition rates in water were significantly (P < 0.05) fast during the first week and became very slow during the following weeks. After the six weeks of experiment, 58.2 % of manure from treatments T1 and T4 were decomposed against 47.2 % for T2 and T3. However, 40.1, 53.3, 67.4 and 57.1% of total N content in treatments T1, T2, T3 and T4 respectively were released. As consequence, manure from improved diet with Azolla (T3 and T2) are suggested for integrated rice and fish production system. Nevertheless, decomposition and nutrients (P, K, Ca and Mg) release patterns had significantly (P < 0.05) increased in water in treatments T1 and T4 compared with the two treatments containing more Azolla in the diet (T2 and T3).
Abstract: Recent studies reported the important contribution of animal dejections as organic manure for crop production but, little is known on the decomposition rate and nutrient release pattern in wetland of the manure of pigs nourished with diet enriched with Azolla filiculoides. A litter bag study was carried out under full control during 6 weeks in pots...
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An Assessment of the Socio-Economic and Ecological Impacts of Environmental Changes on Rural Livelihood: A Study Across Addado, Buhodle and Northern Galkaayo of Central and Northern Somalia
Badal Ahmed Hassan,
Edinam K. Glover,
Olavi Luukkanen,
Ramni Jamnadass,
Ben Chikamai
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
279-291
Received:
17 August 2014
Accepted:
28 August 2014
Published:
10 September 2014
Abstract: The international community has long recognized desertification as a significant global social, economic and environmental problem of concern with detrimental effects on the livelihoods of people in many countries world-wide. To explore this critique, this study examined local people’s views on the causes, effect and socio-economic impact of desertification and degradation to the community. The study involved a cross-sectional survey conducted with four community categories, namely nomadic pastoralist, agro-pastoralists, villagers and Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), from Addado, Buhodle and northern Galkaayo of central and northern part of Somalia; through questionnaire-based interviews. Descriptive statistics attribute environmental changes to negative implications of human activities on the environment: the menace of which led to a decline in forage, current loss of biodiversity and the related changes in the environment, permanent migration, increased poverty and health problems. The startling results of this study conclusively demonstrate that the challenges involve proper interventions for tree planting against desertification as well as for community empowerment through public education and formation of community based environmental associations to coordinate the overall environmental management activities and to raise public awareness.
Abstract: The international community has long recognized desertification as a significant global social, economic and environmental problem of concern with detrimental effects on the livelihoods of people in many countries world-wide. To explore this critique, this study examined local people’s views on the causes, effect and socio-economic impact of desert...
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Effects of Wastewater Characteristics on Fish Quality from Integrated Wastewater Treatment System and Fish Farming in Urban Areas, Tanzania
Ahamdi Habibu Mkali,
Jasper Ijumba,
Karoli Nicholas Njau
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
292-298
Received:
19 August 2014
Accepted:
28 August 2014
Published:
10 September 2014
Abstract: Availability of suitable water is one of the most important limiting factors for development of sustainable aquaculture in the urban areas. As a consequence, the use of wastewater effluents for aquaculture is on the rise in developing countries, Tanzania being one of the implementing country; quality of fish from such environments becomes questionable for human consumption. Clarius gariepinus were raised in selected Wastewater Stabilization Ponds (WSPs) at Moshi Municipal (Maturation two (M 2), four (M 4), six (M 6), fish pond (FP) and Lake Duluti (LD as Control site) for ninety days to investigate fish contamination (heavy metals and microbial) and body composition. Among all seven selected heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Mo, Cr, As, Zn and Pb) only four (Hg, Cd, Cr and Zn) were detected in analyzed fish and water samples, while (Pb, Mo and As) was below detection limits of X-Ray Fluorescence (Spectro xepos –EDXRF) analyzer. The results revealed that fish sample had higher concentration of detected metals than water samples from all treatments except for Hg of water sample from M2 and M4 was higher than fish sample and above the permissible limits by WHO. There was variation in crude protein and crude fat in analyzed fish samples from all treatments site. The fish reared in M4 contain higher percentage of crude protein (81.36) and crude fat (18.45) than other treatments. Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus were detected in fish samples from all treatments with number of counts was within standards, while Salmonella spp was only present in M2. Results from this study reveals that with proper management, maturation ponds can be used for fish production but maturation two should be abandoned for fish farming due to high metals and microbial contamination. Public awareness on the dangers to which fish consumers from the site are exposed is highly suggested and purposeful mitigation measures of stopping all fishing activities in these sites is needed until further study on quality of indigenous fish accomplished.
Abstract: Availability of suitable water is one of the most important limiting factors for development of sustainable aquaculture in the urban areas. As a consequence, the use of wastewater effluents for aquaculture is on the rise in developing countries, Tanzania being one of the implementing country; quality of fish from such environments becomes questiona...
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Analysis of Rules in Use the Formation of Committee Boundary (PTB) State Forest Area in Indonesia
Pernando Sinabutar,
Bramasto Nugroho,
Hariadi Kartodihardjo,
Dudung Darusman
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
299-306
Received:
15 August 2014
Accepted:
29 August 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: Forest area gazettment in Indonesia is done through the appointment process, boundary demarcation, mapping and determination of forest area. The process was organized by the Committee Boundary (PTB) with the involvement of several agencies in the area are coordinated by Forest Center for area stabilization (BPKH). This study analyzed the interaction of PTB in decision making and the effectiveness of the rules in-use the formation of PTB. Data were collected through in depth interviews, participant observation and document review, and then analyzed by using content analysis based IAD (Institutional Analysis and Development) Framework. The results show there has been a disparity in the interaction. Types of rules in-use the formation of PTB among others position rules, boundary rules, authority rules, agregation rules, information rules, scope rules, and pay-off rules have not been able to direct of interaction. The formation of PTB has not noticed the involvement of agencies setting, the setting position and authority, setting rights and obligations, and accountability arrangements. For improvements, the configuration of the seven types of rules that can be used because the results of the analysis showed that the seven types of rules that have found substantial weaknesses in the formation of PTB.
Abstract: Forest area gazettment in Indonesia is done through the appointment process, boundary demarcation, mapping and determination of forest area. The process was organized by the Committee Boundary (PTB) with the involvement of several agencies in the area are coordinated by Forest Center for area stabilization (BPKH). This study analyzed the interactio...
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The Role of Non-Wood Forest Products in Poverty Alleviation and Food Security in Urban Ghana
Mawutor K. Glover,
Edinam K. Glover
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
307-312
Received:
17 August 2014
Accepted:
6 September 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: Non Wood Forest Product (NWFP) is as old as the existence of humans and has gained increasing importance. The study focused on processing NWFPs in urban Ghana with special reference to the bushmeat commodity chain that supplies the urban areas. It described the existing forms of bushmeat processing requirements and constraints. It also examined the contribution of bushmeat to poverty alleviation and food security through its use, processing and trade as a NWFP. Methods for data collection involved the use of qualitative research approach in form of selective case study approach. In line with this approach, the study used both participant observation combined with focus group discussion to collect information from a cross section of primary actors in the bushmeat trade. Results showed that processing bushmeat for sale vary from place to place. It is conveyed to the major markets either smoked or fresh. Those using bushmeat for medicinal purposes cut the meat into various parts and dry them for their clientele. Results also showed that bushmeat trading activities involve a chain of actors composed of hunters, wholesalers and chop bar owners/retailers. This livelihood activity contributes highly to food security and household incomes of actors of the trade.
Abstract: Non Wood Forest Product (NWFP) is as old as the existence of humans and has gained increasing importance. The study focused on processing NWFPs in urban Ghana with special reference to the bushmeat commodity chain that supplies the urban areas. It described the existing forms of bushmeat processing requirements and constraints. It also examined the...
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Evaluation and Future Options for Hillock Crop Production System in Lalmai Region of Bangladesh
Khokan Kumer Sarker,
Md. Ashraful Alam,
Mohammad Kamrul Hasan,
Mohammad Raziul Hassan Mondol
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
313-319
Received:
18 August 2014
Accepted:
4 September 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: Lalmai hillock area is emerging as one of the prominent vegetable growing areas of Bangladesh. The study was undertaken to evaluate the existing cropping patterns, economic analysis, identify general problems and develop future options for improving hillock crop production systems in the Lalmai hillock areas of Comilla region in Bangladesh. The study was concentrated in three villages of Lalmai hillock region of the Comilla district. Data were collected on 33 respondents of those three villages by interview schedule with the help of scientists as well as research personnel. The obtained findings indicated that most of the farmers practiced fallow-country bean cropping sequences on the top of hillock during kharif season. The benefit cost ratio (BCR) of the bottle gourd was observed higher than other existing crops. BCR of the cucumber, turmeric and long bean was observed almost similar. BCR of the existing cropping pattern per year in the study area was counted from the range of 1.43 to 1.95. BCR was found higher in the cropping pattern of fallow + bitter gourd + country bean than other existing cropping pattern of the study area. The lowest BCR was observed from the one crop per year. Unit production cost of the potato was lowest as compared to other crops. Vegetable cultivation with relay cropping method is the most economical viable cropping pattern. The consecutive crops are country bean + bottle gourd and country bean + matos and BCR was found 2.29 and 1.96, respectively. Overhead tank system tubewell and rainwater harvesting systems could be provided at the hillock areas for irrigation in order to increase the crop productivity. Drought resistance crops and crops requiring light irrigation are suggested for crop production of the hillock region during winter season. However, proper implementation of the crop production system may help to bring the positive changes in the economy of the country.
Abstract: Lalmai hillock area is emerging as one of the prominent vegetable growing areas of Bangladesh. The study was undertaken to evaluate the existing cropping patterns, economic analysis, identify general problems and develop future options for improving hillock crop production systems in the Lalmai hillock areas of Comilla region in Bangladesh. The stu...
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Wetland Management in Bangladesh: A Study on Beel Bakar
Shoumo Khondoker,
Md. Lokman Hossain,
Khondoker Azizul Hoque Moni
Issue:
Volume 3, Issue 4, August 2014
Pages:
320-328
Received:
27 August 2014
Accepted:
9 September 2014
Published:
20 September 2014
Abstract: Being a riverine country, Bangladesh maintains a large volume of water by its different channels like river, canal, beel, haor, baor, lake and so on. Beel is one of the ancient types of water body in the context of Bangladesh. Among all the types of water bodies existing in Bangladesh, beel is obviously a fascinating one due to its biodiversity and ecological importance in local and national perspective as it contains and passes significant amount of water connecting with river channel which ultimately goes to the sea. The Beel Bakar is a small beel in the southern part of Jessore District of Bangladesh. This study initiated to reveal the existing situation of the aquatic biodiversity of the Beel Bakar along with identifying the past and present water management system, the socio economic aspect of the beel dependent fishermen and possible future steps. The study was carried out through mix group discussion, focus group discussion, key informants interview, direct observation and household survey. The study revealed that once this beel was rich in biodiversity and important for local fisheries. Though a considerable part of the beel and its floodplain is under gher culture, still there is scope to ensure protection and to enhance livelihoods of fisher community. In spite of the degradation of natural habitats of fishes, still 19 species of fishes were observed in the beel as well as some non fish organisms like snail, crab, mussel, frog, migratory and native birds. The study also found that excessive gher culture practice and possession of non fishermen over the water body are the main constrains of the beel. Most of the fishermen live in semi concrete house and vast majority of them have debt to bank or cooperatives. Experts and local fishermen both suggested ensuring the access of real fishermen in Beel Bakar and the Mukteswari River to improve their circumstances.
Abstract: Being a riverine country, Bangladesh maintains a large volume of water by its different channels like river, canal, beel, haor, baor, lake and so on. Beel is one of the ancient types of water body in the context of Bangladesh. Among all the types of water bodies existing in Bangladesh, beel is obviously a fascinating one due to its biodiversity and...
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