-
A Retrospective Study of Suspected Human Rabies Exposure Cases in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
44-50
Received:
15 March 2022
Accepted:
3 May 2022
Published:
26 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20221003.11
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: Rabies is a neglected viral zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus. It is widely distributed in many regions of the world. It is a fatal viral disease in human and animals. Ethiopia is one of the African countries with the highest number of rabies cases and deaths. However, there is a lack of information in the research area about the trend, seasonal distribution, and incidence of suspected human rabies cases. We analyzed suspected human rabies cases and deaths by dog bite to describe trends, incidence, seasonality, and distribution of suspected human rabies cases and deaths in Addis Ababa from 2015-2019. Methods: Suspected human rabies exposure cases in Addis Ababa from 2015 to 2019 collected secondary data of PHEM data base weekly report were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010. Results: The results showed 1772 suspected human rabies exposure cases by dog bites and eight deaths were reported in Addis Ababa from 2015 - 2019. The trend of suspected human rabies exposure cases and deaths by dog bite were increased from 2015-2020. The highest number of cases by dog bites was recorded in 2019 (1139/1772, 64.3%). The highest deaths (5/8, 75%) were reported in 2017. The highest numbers of cases of suspected rabies exposure through dog bites were reported in the months of December, October and September. The highest number of suspected human rabies exposure cases by dog bite was recorded from Kirkos sub-city (897/1772, 50.6%) while the lowest cases were from Bole sub-city (1/1772, 0.06%). The average annual incidence rate of suspected human rabies exposure cases and deaths by dog bite were (8.4/100000) and (0.04 /100000) respectively. The incidence trend of suspected human rabies exposure cases by dog bite increased from 2015 to 2019 (0 to 24.8/100000). Conclusions:. The present study shows a trend in which suspected cases of human exposure to rabies have increased and spread to all sub-cities in Addis Ababa.. Suspected human rabies remains causing serious challenge on human health and life in Addis Ababa. Hence, integrated One Health approach must be strengthened and encouraged in the study area; with its strategic control methods are recommended to control the disease.
Abstract: Background: Rabies is a neglected viral zoonotic disease caused by the rabies virus. It is widely distributed in many regions of the world. It is a fatal viral disease in human and animals. Ethiopia is one of the African countries with the highest number of rabies cases and deaths. However, there is a lack of information in the research area about ...
Show More
-
Delayed in Diagnosis of Congenital Heart Disease and Associated Factors Among Pediatric Patients in Cardiac Center Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 2021/2022 G.C
Tesfaye Hurisa,
Hirut Megersa,
Tigist Tsegaye
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
51-62
Received:
19 April 2022
Accepted:
20 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20221003.12
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Morbidity and mortality due to congenital heart disease was primarily caused by delay in diagnosis. Early screening of neonates at birth identifies congenital heart disease and decreases complications related to delayed diagnosis. To assess delayed in diagnosis of congenital heart disease and associated factors among pediatric patients who were registered in Cardiac Center Ethiopia from January 1, 2018, to December 30, 2020. Institutional based cross-sectional study design was used to assess delayed in diagnosis of congenital heart disease and associated factors among pediatric patients in the cardiac center in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and charts were selected using systematic random sampling out of 216 registered congenital heart disease pediatrics patients who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data was entered into Epi-data version 3.1 for cleaning and completeness and exported to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Then by binary logistic regression variables which p-value < 0.25 was identified and moved to multivariate logistic regression. Any statistical test with p-value < 0.05 at 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. In this study, 216 children were included, delayed diagnosis of CHD was identified in 206 (95.4%) record reviews. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, Maternal education for those who were illiterate mothers was 89.7% than delay in diagnosis of literate mother [AOR=0.103 (95% CI= (0.022-0.493)]. Place of child delivery in Health center about 97% delay in diagnosis of CHD than delivery in hospitals AOR=0.030 (95% CI= (0.003-0.293)]. Gestational age in weeks during delivery term baby 87.6% delay in diagnosis of CHD than preterm baby [AOR=0.124 (95% CI (0.020-0.758)]. The overall delay in the diagnosis of CHD was 95.4%. Maternal education, place of child delivery, and gestational age were independently associated with the delayed diagnosis of CHD. Health institutions are strongly recommended to give training to health care providers on screening of CHD during delivery.
Abstract: Morbidity and mortality due to congenital heart disease was primarily caused by delay in diagnosis. Early screening of neonates at birth identifies congenital heart disease and decreases complications related to delayed diagnosis. To assess delayed in diagnosis of congenital heart disease and associated factors among pediatric patients who were reg...
Show More
-
Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Trypanosomiosis in Ofa Wereda of Wolaita Zone, SNNPR, Ethiopia
Wondimu Tessema,
Kasech Dana
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
63-75
Received:
15 April 2022
Accepted:
20 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20221003.13
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Trypanosomiosis is an important parasitic protozoan disease of livestock in the area and causes severe disease which results in loss of livestock and agricultural productivity with serious socio-economic consequences. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to November 2021 in selected kebeles in Ofa Wereda of Wolaita Zone with the objectives of determining the prevalence of trypanosomiosis and associated risk factors. Blood samples were collected from 280 selected cattle of the study villages and evaluated through standard parasitological methods. The overall prevalence was 15.00% (42/280). Trypanosoma congolense was the predominant species in the area (10.35%). Among species of trypanosomiosis, T. conglence and T. vivax were identified in 29 (10.35%) and 10 (3.57%) in examined samples respectively. Mixed infection by two species was noted in 3 (0.11%) of the samples. Meanwhile from considered epidemiological factors body condition and PCV-value were showed statistically significance difference (P < 0.05) with the overall prevalence of trypanosoma infections in cattle. On the other hand, trypanosoma infection among age, agro-ecology and sex showed no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). In conclusion, bovine trypanosomosis is economically important disease that affects the health as well as productivity of cattle in Ofa Wereda. Hence, appropriate disease prevention and control methods should be undertaken to improve livestock production and agricultural development in the area.
Abstract: Trypanosomiosis is an important parasitic protozoan disease of livestock in the area and causes severe disease which results in loss of livestock and agricultural productivity with serious socio-economic consequences. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2021 to November 2021 in selected kebeles in Ofa Wereda of Wolaita Zone with the obj...
Show More
-
The Relationship of Workplace Health Climate and Telework Status
Alyssa Lowry,
Brittany Acors,
Lana Kheir,
Dev Bhojwani,
Victor Tringali
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
76-82
Received:
9 May 2022
Accepted:
26 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20221003.14
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking has become more widely used due to the necessity of maintaining employment and production while observing social-distancing mandates. Consequently, both employers and health professionals have become more interested in exploring the effects that teleworking has on employees. Workplace health climate is one measure that employers may use to assess employees’ perceptions of workplace support for their health and well-being. Additionally, workplace health climate has been shown to impact employees’ health behaviors and health outcomes. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to determine the relationship between workplace health climate and the frequency of teleworking. The inquiry design was a needs assessment utilizing a survey consisting of 16 items. Respondents consisted of 1618 employees of a public university in the United States. Differences in workplace health climate scores based on telework frequency, age, and sex were analyzed for statistical significance. A Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant relationship between telework status and organizational support, supervisor support, and total workplace health climate scores. Additionally, there was a significant difference between the mean supervisor and peer support scores between age groups. There were no significant differences in workplace health climate scores between male and female employees. The findings from this study support existing literature that suggests remote working can be beneficial to employee health and well-being. To our knowledge, this is the first study to explore the relationship between workplace health climate and teleworking.
Abstract: During the COVID-19 pandemic, teleworking has become more widely used due to the necessity of maintaining employment and production while observing social-distancing mandates. Consequently, both employers and health professionals have become more interested in exploring the effects that teleworking has on employees. Workplace health climate is one ...
Show More
-
Modification of Macronutrient Intake for Prevention of Gout in Japanese People in 2019: 2022 Update
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
83-106
Received:
10 May 2022
Accepted:
27 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20221003.15
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The prevalence of gout in Japan has increased markedly since the 1960s because of the westernization of the Japanese diet from 1955. A previous report showed modification of dietary habits for the prevention of gout in Japanese people through the trends in macronutrient intakes of Japanese people in 1946-2016. The aim of this article is to suggest what macronutrient intake is important for the prevention of gout in Japanese people in 2019 referencing the results of clinical research reported. As the previous report, the author used the data of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan for the number of gout patients (1986-2019) and the data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan (1946-2019) for the intake of macronutrients. Macronutrient intake of Japanese people in 2019 were compared with those in 2016. The relationship between the number of gout patients and macronutrient intake in Japanese people was examined. The number of gout patients of Japanese people in 2019 was higher compared to that in 2016 (2016: 1.105 million; 2019: 1.254 million). The mean ratio of energy intake from protein in total energy intake (Protein/Energy), the mean ratio of energy intake from fat in total energy intake (Fat/Energy), the mean ratio of energy intake from saturated fatty acids in total energy intake (Saturated fatty acids/Energy) and the daily intake of energy, dietary fiber, total protein, animal protein, vegetable protein, total fat, animal fat, vegetable fat, saturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids), and cholesterol of Japanese people in 2019 were higher compared to those in 2016, respectively. Whereas the mean ratio of energy intake from carbohydrate in total energy intake (Carbohydrate/Energy) and the daily intake of carbohydrate were lower compared to those in 2016, respectively. Fat/Energy and Saturated fatty acids/Energy were positively correlated with the number of gout patients, respectively. Whereas Protein/Energy and the daily intake of energy, total carbohydrate, total protein, animal protein, vegetable protein, and vegetable fat were negatively correlated with the number of gout patients, respectively. Modification of macronutrient intake for the prevention of gout in Japanese people (especially adults) in 2019 is suggested as follows: reduce the mean ratio of energy intake from saturated fatty acids in total energy intake (Saturated fatty acids/Energy); limiting or decreasing intake of fat (particularly animal fat), saturated fatty acids, and cholesterol; increase intake of carbohydrate (particularly dietary fiber).
Abstract: The prevalence of gout in Japan has increased markedly since the 1960s because of the westernization of the Japanese diet from 1955. A previous report showed modification of dietary habits for the prevention of gout in Japanese people through the trends in macronutrient intakes of Japanese people in 1946-2016. The aim of this article is to suggest ...
Show More
-
Modification of Micronutrient Intake for Prevention of Gout in Japanese People in 2019: 2022 Update
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
107-131
Received:
10 May 2022
Accepted:
26 May 2022
Published:
31 May 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20221003.16
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: The prevalence of gout in Japan has increased markedly since the 1960s. The westernization of the Japanese diet from 1955 is thought to be one factor the increase in the prevalence of gout. In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the number of gout patients are higher in men than in women. A previous report showed modification of dietary habits for the prevention of gout in Japanese people through the trends in micronutrient (vitamin and mineral) intake of Japanese people in 1946-2016. The aim of this article is to suggest what micronutrient intake is important for the prevention of gout in Japanese people in 2019 referencing the results of clinical research reported. As the previous report, the author used the data of the Comprehensive Survey of Living Conditions in Japan for the number of gout patients (1986-2019) and the data of the National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan (1946-2019) for the intake of micronutrients. Micronutrient intakes of Japanese people in 2019 was compared with those in 2016. The relationship between the number of gout patients and micronutrient intake in Japanese people was examined. The number of gout patients of Japanese people in 2019 was higher compared to that in 2016 (2016: 1.105 million; 2019: 1.254 million). The daily intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin K, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin, pantothenic acid, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, sodium, salt, calcium, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, and zinc of Japanese people in 2019 were higher compared to those in 2016, respectively. Whereas the daily vitamin D intake of Japanese people in 2019 was lower compared to that in 2016. The daily intake of vitamin A, vitamin D, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B12, vitamin C, salt, calcium, iron, and copper were negatively correlated with the number of gout patients, respectively. Modification of micronutrient intake for the prevention of gout in Japanese people (especially adults) in 2019 is suggested as follows: limiting or decreasing salt intake; decreasing intake of phosphorus and copper; increase intake of vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B6, folate, vitamin B12, calcium, potassium, magnesium, and zinc; increase intake of vitamin B2 and vitamin C in Japanese men (aged 20-59 years) and women (aged 20-59 years).
Abstract: The prevalence of gout in Japan has increased markedly since the 1960s. The westernization of the Japanese diet from 1955 is thought to be one factor the increase in the prevalence of gout. In Japan, most of gout patients are adults, and the number of gout patients are higher in men than in women. A previous report showed modification of dietary ha...
Show More
-
Exploration of Patient’s Experience with Quality of Care at Outpatient Department of Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College, Addis Ababa Ethiopia
Tirhas Tadese,
Getachew Weldeyohaness,
Getabalew Endazenew,
Tadese Alemu,
Getasew Amogene
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 3, May 2022
Pages:
132-139
Received:
28 April 2022
Accepted:
31 May 2022
Published:
9 June 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajhr.20221003.17
Downloads:
Views:
Abstract: Background: The patient flow to outpatient service in any hospital of Ethiopia is increasing from time to time. It is a fact that meeting the growing demands of patients for health care service in the outpatient departments must ensure quality of care. Exploring the quality of care in terms of patient perspective is very vital. Therefore, the aim of this study was to explore patients’ experience of quality of care at outpatient department of Yekatit 12 Hospital Medical College. Method: A qualitative phenomenological approach research design was used. Eighteen focused group discussions each contains eight patients were conducted. A total of 144 patients were recruited through purposive sampling technique. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. Semi structured questioner was used to collect the data. Result: The study participants described their experiences about the quality care at the hospital. The finding obtained from the focused group discussion was grouped in to three themes: breach of ethical principles, lack of necessary infrastructure and un-welcoming physical environment. Conclusion: It was found that the quality of care at the hospital was unsatisfactory. Thus the hospital mangers should design and implement a strategy to improve the quality of care provided at the hospital so as to improve patients’ satisfaction with the service.
Abstract: Background: The patient flow to outpatient service in any hospital of Ethiopia is increasing from time to time. It is a fact that meeting the growing demands of patients for health care service in the outpatient departments must ensure quality of care. Exploring the quality of care in terms of patient perspective is very vital. Therefore, the aim o...
Show More
