Review on Adoption of Improved Soya Bean Technologies: Empirical Evidence from Ethiopia
Belete Woundefiraw Alemu,
Birhanu Argaw Embiale
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
1-7
Received:
16 February 2023
Accepted:
1 April 2023
Published:
24 April 2023
Abstract: Soybean is a legume crop grown in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates which are used for food and animal feed. However, the production and productivity of soybean is low and improvement in production and productivity depends on the extent to which a household has applied the recommended production technologies. The review was aimed to identify the determinants of adoption and intensity of improved soybean varieties to generate information that helps to understand and evaluate the key challenges in Ethiopia. The review showed that sex of household, age of household head, education, farm experience, participation in training, and extension service affect the adoption of improved soya bean varieties positively and significantly while the distance to the nearest market affects adoption of improved soya bean varieties negatively and significantly. On the other hand, the intensity of adoption was affected by age, soya bean farm experience, participation in training, and size of livestock holding. Most of the studies reviewed in this paper indicated that sex has a significant positive impact on the adoption of improved soya bean varieties. However, the participation of female households in the adoption process indicated that 15% of female-headed households and dominated by 85% of male household heads. Therefore, to improve the adoption of modern agricultural technologies like improved soya beans the following recommendations are forwarded. Female-headed households should get emphasis in all activities of the promotion of new technologies. On the other hand, evidences showed that the huge oil factories in Ethiopia like W. A and BK are using soya bean as a major input to their production. Consequently, those industries demanding a higher amount of soya bean as an input and they are creating a backward linkage to smallholder soya bean producer farmers. For instance, W. A's edible oil factory alone needs 20,000 hectares of land to run the business and 500,000 quintals of soya bean requires per year. Therefore, it can improve smallholder farmers' livelihood by creating market opportunities to supply their products directly to factories. Thus, the promotion of new soya bean varieties, strong linkage between farmers and factories and comprehensive studies on the adoption and impact of soya bean should get attention from the regional and federal government of Ethiopia.
Abstract: Soybean is a legume crop grown in the tropical, subtropical, and temperate climates which are used for food and animal feed. However, the production and productivity of soybean is low and improvement in production and productivity depends on the extent to which a household has applied the recommended production technologies. The review was aimed to...
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Efficient Sign-Detection-Scheme Using Modular Computation Technique for the Moduli Set {2n-1, 2n, 2n+1, 2(n+1)-1, 22n-5}
Mohammed Ibrahim Daabo,
Valentine Aveyom
Issue:
Volume 4, Issue 1, March 2023
Pages:
8-16
Received:
25 April 2023
Accepted:
19 May 2023
Published:
31 May 2023
Abstract: In computer arithmetic, one of the most important things to consider in hardware design is the ability of the system to detect and display numbers with their signs. This when properly managed will reduce errors and ensure hardware reliability. But interestingly, detecting and knowing the sign of a residue number during arithmetic operation is very difficult. Magnitude Comparison, Scaling and Number conversions are some of the other difficult operations in Residue Number System (RNS). Unlike the weighted number system, it is even extremely difficult to determine the sign of a number in an RNS architecture thereby hampering the full implementation RNS in general purpose computing. In this paper, an efficient sign detection algorithm for detecting the sign of a number in an RNS architecture is presented. In formulating the algorithms, X maximum, (Xmax) is computed from the Dynamic Range, M=∏ki=1(mi). Modular Computation Technique is employed as a converter to compute X from the residues (r1, r2, r3) with respect to a given moduli set, say S= {m1, m2 ..., mn}. X is positive if X-Xmax<0 otherwise X is negative and the actual value is this case is computed as X-M. The moduli set {2n-1, 2n, 2n+1, 2(n+1)-1, 22n-5} is used for the system design implementation and for numerical illustrations. It is observed that the scheme effectively detects the sign of RNS numbers and theoretical analysis showed that simple hardware resources and low-power modular adders are used in the design. It is also observed that the scheme when implemented practically can help project RNS to be used in general purpose computing.
Abstract: In computer arithmetic, one of the most important things to consider in hardware design is the ability of the system to detect and display numbers with their signs. This when properly managed will reduce errors and ensure hardware reliability. But interestingly, detecting and knowing the sign of a residue number during arithmetic operation is very ...
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