Analysis of Household Energy Consumption and Energy Consumption Cost (Bio-Fuel) in Rural Areas of Dhaka Division, Bangladesh
Mahadehe Hassan,
Mohammad Mehedi Hasan
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
53-66
Received:
11 May 2023
Accepted:
6 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: With the progress of rapid population growth, the energy demand in Bangladesh has been increasing rapidly over the years, so the main objective of the study is to know the monthly and yearly energy consumption and energy consumption price (Bio-fuel) in the rural areas of Dhaka Division. To achieve the objectives and scope of work of this study, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been used. In carrying out this study, data regarding the environment, challenges, and potential recommendations have been collected from several primary and secondary sources. To collect the primary data, a survey and key informant interviews (KIIs) using semi-structured questionnaires have been carried out on household fuel stakeholders to the rural areas in Bangladesh. To furnish the objectives, primary data on the five key peer district – Dhaka, Narayangonj, Gazipur, Munshiganj and Narsingdi-have been sourced from field data. Based on the secondary data and literature review of some several policy/regulatory and market-related challenges and barriers to bio-fuel are identified in this research. The main findings of the study are as follows-(i) Most rural households still depend on biofuels for cooking and heating. Bio-fuels are: degraded vegetation and forest reserves and agricultural residues. (ii) The smart and clean energy like LPG and electricity though present have limited use by the rural households due to high price and supply and availability of accessories. (iii) Household fuel in rural areas is a critical problem for the rural poor is that teenage boys and girls are engaged in harvesting bio-fuels from nature, hampering their education. (iv) The use of obnoxious materials as fuel is causing health and environmental damage which is causing respiratory diseases among the older and children of the family due to reasons unknown to the users. (v) Due to weak financial capacity of the households, they are deprived of access to modern smart and clean energy. (vi) In most cases housewife’s have to bear all the burden of managing fuel for cooking neglecting the health and safety of children. The results of the study show that 82% of households use bio-fuels as their main source of energy, which accounts for an annual energy consumption of 4.68 MTOE in Dhaka Division and a value of $1.435 billion. Also alternative source of energy such as castor, karanja, pithraj, mahua, jatropha, neem seed, rubber seed etc. have huge potential to be sustainable source of energy to be explored.
Abstract: With the progress of rapid population growth, the energy demand in Bangladesh has been increasing rapidly over the years, so the main objective of the study is to know the monthly and yearly energy consumption and energy consumption price (Bio-fuel) in the rural areas of Dhaka Division. To achieve the objectives and scope of work of this study, bot...
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The Interference of CH4 in SO2 Monitoring by NDIR Method and Countermeasures
Huang Xiaohui,
Zhu Yongchao,
Mo Hongda
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, May 2023
Pages:
67-72
Received:
6 June 2023
Accepted:
10 July 2023
Published:
13 July 2023
Abstract: The NDIR method was not applicable for the determination of SO2 from coke oven stacks of coking industry, on account of the CH4 interference problem. This article analyzed the interference of CH4 in SO2 monitoring by NDIR method. We used a gas distributing device to prepare the mixed gas including CH4 and SO2 based on the real exhaust conditions. The study has compared the results of gas samples with different mixing ratios and has found that the CH4 caused the SO2 readings to rise. The higher the concentration of the CH4 in the mixed gas, the more deviation in the SO2 measurement is. Meanwhile, there was an obvious linear correlation between the CH4 concentration and the deviation--about 16 μmol/mol CH4 could contribute to 1 μmol/mol SO2 deviation. In this article, we have tested two methods to remove the CH4 interference deviation: gas filter and auxiliary sensor. The optical filter method could remove more than 85% of deviation while the auxiliary-sensor method could remove all the deviation caused by CH4, with indication error under ±1 μmol/mol. The test results showed that the NDIR method with suitable countermeasures can be used for the coking industry and other applications which have CH4 interference problem.
Abstract: The NDIR method was not applicable for the determination of SO2 from coke oven stacks of coking industry, on account of the CH4 interference problem. This article analyzed the interference of CH4 in SO2 monitoring by NDIR method. We used a gas distributing device to prepare the mixed gas including CH4 and SO2 based on the real exhaust conditions. T...
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