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Process of Irons Smelting in Yala Local Government Area of Cross River State
Ajoma Simon Okwoche,
Tawo Alfred Oyong,
Inyabri Samuel Atam
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
1-5
Received:
19 January 2021
Accepted:
18 February 2021
Published:
9 March 2021
Abstract: Iron smelting entails heating of iron at a particular temperature to enable smelter to form objects of desirable shape, Such temperature can be obtainable in a well-insulated medium size furnace, when efficient bellows and a suitable type of charcoal (and of course strong and experienced workers) are employs but some lower temperature can or may still give the satisfactory result of the time of operation is congruity, in Nigeria, especially the Yala axis the bellows used for smelting and forging iron was of rubber-tube. In Nigeria, irons smelting was said to have started from East precisely the Awka people, why inyala today we have black smelter who forges hole, knife, rake, axe, and other agricultural tools, but traditional iron smelting is gradually going to extinction where nobody is willing to learn iron smelting work, as such agricultural implement is becoming very expensive as the people of Yala continue to buy from the Ezza people who few of them are engaging in smelting. This paper therefore x-ray the processes and materials involved or used in forging. Descriptives method of data collection were employed.
Abstract: Iron smelting entails heating of iron at a particular temperature to enable smelter to form objects of desirable shape, Such temperature can be obtainable in a well-insulated medium size furnace, when efficient bellows and a suitable type of charcoal (and of course strong and experienced workers) are employs but some lower temperature can or may st...
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Modification of Bitumen Properties Using Waste Polymer in Context of Bangladesh
Mohammad Mohayminul Islam,
Mosammat Shamima Shirin,
Tausif Rahman Tonoy,
Sanzit Ahmed Sweet
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
6-11
Received:
28 March 2021
Accepted:
12 April 2021
Published:
26 April 2021
Abstract: Proper disposal of plastics and its derivatives is one of the biggest challenges all over the globe. Due to the improper management of plastic product environment is being polluted. Plastic waste generation and plastic waste-based pollution in Bangladesh is leaping at a high pace. Among numerous ways of disposal of waste plastics, one can be using it in flexible pavement construction. According to the Bangladesh Waste Database 2014, Dhaka city alone produces 25.44% (5,925.51 tons/ day) of waste, of which 8.45% is plastic. In the construction of bituminous pavement, plastics, as well as construction debris, are being used in the form of aggregate and filler materials popularly. This study focusses on the improvement of properties of bitumen by blending it with LDPE (Low-density polyethylene) and PP (Polypropylene) at a different proportion. Three cases were considered in the study for plastic waste addition, Case-01:- only LDPE; Case-02:- LDPE: PP=3:1; Case-03:- LDPE: PP=1:1. For each case, 3%, 6%, 9%, 12%, and 15% of plastic waste was mixed with bitumen. It was found that the penetration value and ductility decrease with the increasing proportion of plastic waste in bitumen, whereas the softening point increases for every case. Loss on heating, flash & fire point also been improved with the plastic addition. The performance of Case- 03 (LDPE: PP=1:1) is better than others. Minimum penetration value, 11 and maximum softening point, 90°C, is found for this case, which indicates a 90% improvement compared to virgin bitumen. Due to the addition of plastic waste, the ductility always gets affected. But overall, a significant improvement in the properties of bitumen is noticeable.
Abstract: Proper disposal of plastics and its derivatives is one of the biggest challenges all over the globe. Due to the improper management of plastic product environment is being polluted. Plastic waste generation and plastic waste-based pollution in Bangladesh is leaping at a high pace. Among numerous ways of disposal of waste plastics, one can be using ...
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The Impact of Mining Exploration on Sangaredi Community’s Sustainable Development: Inhabitants Perspectives on Livelihood
Ibrahima Sory Madiana Camara,
Jiang Deyi,
Li Lin
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 1, March 2021
Pages:
12-19
Received:
16 April 2021
Accepted:
4 May 2021
Published:
14 May 2021
Abstract: Mining exploration has left many communities in deplorable conditions, ranging from low levels of livelihood sustenance to poor health facilities and poor road networks. This study examined the impact of mining exploration on sustainable development of a community in Guinea, West Africa. The paper reviews literature published on mining and exploration and its impact on community environments.’ However, this study employed descriptive quantitative and correlational methods, which facilitated the gathering, classification and presentation of data that led to analysis, description and conclusion of the study. In this study, 300 questionnaires were distributed to community inhabitants, which enhanced the compilation of first-hand information. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. The results disclosed numerous problems, ranging from health to education and poor road networks. It was revealed that, exploration activities have damaged lands utilised for agricultural purposes, and deposits of toxic substances have damaged soil nutrients, which caused degradation of the land tenure system. Such problems have left lands to be unproductive. Because of the foregoing problems discovered as negative impact, it is fitting for government and mining corporations to pay considerable attention to Sangaredi community and address such problems. This study identified issues bothering Sangaredi and other communities where mining explorations are conducted. It descriptively explained issues of exploration and established the negative impact mining activities have caused in the community. However, such impact adversely affects the community at large. In addition, academics and mining consultants will use this information as a source for further investigation on the subject matter.
Abstract: Mining exploration has left many communities in deplorable conditions, ranging from low levels of livelihood sustenance to poor health facilities and poor road networks. This study examined the impact of mining exploration on sustainable development of a community in Guinea, West Africa. The paper reviews literature published on mining and explorat...
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