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Understanding Various Traditions of the Realism in International Relations
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
96-103
Received:
30 August 2022
Accepted:
19 September 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
Abstract: Realism is considered a very crucial theoretical approach which claims to represent the reality of international relations and it rejects the imaginative idealism. It created a place between war and peace; quarrels and moral standards; and national interests and national cooperation, it ultimately provides authenticity to the prior as compared to the latter respectively. Realist approach in International Relations emphasizes the constraints on politics imposed by human nature and the absence of the world government and together they make international relations largely an arena of power and interest. It also gives validity to selfish human nature, anarchic structure of the world, self-preservation, self-help, strategic military action, diplomatic conversations, balance of power/threat, cultural conflicts and after all violence. However, scholars who are working in this series have much to contribute to normative debates regarding international politics. But it is the need of hour to recognize the significant differences among realists. They offer conflicting results to many methodological political and ethical questions. It seems that realism is a flourishing research agenda in both international relations and political theory. This research article will theoretically and analytically examine the realism as an approach to international relations that has emerged gradually through the work-series of analysts in different continents in many ways of establishments that found logical as various traditions. In a conclusive way, it seems that realism is an inexhaustible and much timeless theory.
Abstract: Realism is considered a very crucial theoretical approach which claims to represent the reality of international relations and it rejects the imaginative idealism. It created a place between war and peace; quarrels and moral standards; and national interests and national cooperation, it ultimately provides authenticity to the prior as compared to t...
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Media Ideologies and the Factors Affecting Press Coverage of the International Events
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
104-111
Received:
3 September 2022
Accepted:
21 September 2022
Published:
11 October 2022
Abstract: This research aims to know How the media frames news events in a specific way, and How It selects and emphasizes certain events and issues, indicating that the content is not an entity independent of the political ideology of the state’s system of governance. It is useful to carry out and exploratory study, comparing the role of political system between: The journalists and that of another sample of the general public in alight of a questionnaire or scale, Relying on Exploratory Analysis as a statistical design, This is when the questionnaire or scale includes elements on the impact of state’s political system on the press, Determining the content of the press and determining the type of journalism as well as approval of publication, And how is the vision of the system clearly reflected on the press of this system, and on how the convergence is increased between the orientations of the political system and the orientations of the press in times of: crises, conflicts, disasters that occur on an international perspective or wide international scope. The findings of this study indicate that the political, economic, cultural and geographic relations are among the most important factors affecting news production in particular, and news coverage in general and that they are major and important determinants that determine if was the media going to cover this event or not, beside that the findings also indicate that the sources of information that the western media depend on have a great influence on the orientations of the western media’s covering of Arab issues, and the decisions of the media are primarily subject to political and military entities.
Abstract: This research aims to know How the media frames news events in a specific way, and How It selects and emphasizes certain events and issues, indicating that the content is not an entity independent of the political ideology of the state’s system of governance. It is useful to carry out and exploratory study, comparing the role of political system be...
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Social Trust as a Predictor of Opinions on COVID-19 Response
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
112-116
Received:
6 September 2022
Accepted:
5 October 2022
Published:
18 October 2022
Abstract: Social trust has been found to be an important factor in political participation, although this relationship may be dependent upon context. For instance, political views may be influenced by the groups with whom that trust is formed. Prior work has pointed to the importance of social trust in predicting behaviors related to COVID-19 as well as rates of transmission and containment. Leveraging data from the 2020 American National Election Study, the relationship between interpersonal trust and COVID-19 opinions in the United States is examined, specifically looking at views on state and federal COVID-19 responses, belief in vaccines and hydroxychloroquine, feelings towards Dr. Anthony Fauci, and the belief that COVID-19 was developed in a lab. In addition to Republicans and conservatives, as expected, being more skeptical of COVID-19 restrictions and treatments, interpersonal trust is found to be associated with attitudes that both might be expected to mitigate as well as exacerbate COIVD-19 transmission. Further, the effects of interpersonal trust on COVID-19 attitudes are shown to be filtered through a partisan lens, with differing effects of personal trust for Democratic and Republican party identifiers. Such findings add complexity to the role that social trust plays in political and social behaviors in the context of a pandemic.
Abstract: Social trust has been found to be an important factor in political participation, although this relationship may be dependent upon context. For instance, political views may be influenced by the groups with whom that trust is formed. Prior work has pointed to the importance of social trust in predicting behaviors related to COVID-19 as well as rate...
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Investment Determinants Modeling for Territorial Development of Southern Ukraine: Institutional Quality and Economic Growth
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
117-126
Received:
20 June 2022
Accepted:
1 September 2022
Published:
10 November 2022
Abstract: Foreign direct investment plays an important role in the global economy. There is a huge competition among countries for their attraction, since they have a positive impact on the economy of the country that receives the investment. In addition to direct effects - an increase in GDP, budget revenues, and the decrease in unemployment - foreign direct investment also indirectly has a positive impact on the host country in the form of new knowledge, transfer of experience, dissemination of technology. This study is aimed at identifying and assessing the factors (determinants) that affect the inflow of foreign direct investment into the regions of Ukraine. The paper proposes the use of modern tools for monitoring macroeconomic indicators and the study of their non-stationary dynamics in the context of the implementation of investment policy based on the tools of phase and co integration analysis, which makes it possible to obtain a comprehensive assessment and analyze the stability of the macroeconomic dynamics of Ukraine in the context of increasing globalization transformations in the dynamics of territorial development, ongoing in the conditions of global crisis processes. The paper examined the factors that have a significant impact on the volume of foreign direct investment. To verify the hypotheses, an economic-mathematical model with fixed effects is proposed. In this paper, the author proposes an analysis of models of interaction between macroeconomic indicators. The phase trajectories of modeling allow us to conclude that at this stage of the development of the Ukrainian economy, there is a non-stationary and unstable dynamics, the trajectories are oscillatory-periodic or periodic, therefore, insufficient stability of the system can lead to catastrophic consequences. The results which are obtained in the course of econometric modeling will be useful for representatives of public authorities, as they can be used to develop strategies aimed at attracting foreign direct investment in the regional economy.
Abstract: Foreign direct investment plays an important role in the global economy. There is a huge competition among countries for their attraction, since they have a positive impact on the economy of the country that receives the investment. In addition to direct effects - an increase in GDP, budget revenues, and the decrease in unemployment - foreign direc...
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Liberal Economic Reforms and the Rise of Crony Capitalism in the MENA Region
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
127-132
Received:
3 September 2022
Accepted:
25 October 2022
Published:
8 December 2022
Abstract: This article examines how the economic liberalisation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region created a ripe climate for crony capitalism. The incomplete character of the neoliberal program that was encouraged by Western governments and international financial institutions in the 1990s resulted in selective liberalisation and allowed for the tightening of state-business relations. The implementation of the liberal economic agenda facilitated the takeover of state resources and privileged access to the domestic market by dominant political-economic coalitions and produced a novel regime whereby hopes of a plural political system and a de-regulated free market were replaced with a version of Arab ‘crony capitalism’. The evolvement of this phenomenon is analysed and explained by appealing to the example of economic reforms that took place in Egypt and Tunisia, two countries which, between the 1990s and 2010s, were hailed as success stories of the neoliberal reforms in the Arab World. Although the façade of the countries' respective economies became apparent as de-regulated, new reforms became a powerful instrument for the foundation of a novel network of preferential beneficiaries leading to the reshuffling of alliances among the country's major players. The overarching argument of this paper is that liberalisation efforts in Egypt in Tunisia, rather than eradicating distributional coalitions, have merely rearranged them by reshuffling the existing alliance among the countries' major players.
Abstract: This article examines how the economic liberalisation in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region created a ripe climate for crony capitalism. The incomplete character of the neoliberal program that was encouraged by Western governments and international financial institutions in the 1990s resulted in selective liberalisation and allowed for ...
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Bruhat Bengaluru Mahanagara Palike and the Issues of Urban Governance
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
133-146
Received:
29 September 2022
Accepted:
21 November 2022
Published:
27 December 2022
Abstract: The entire developing world is witness to an unprecedented shift of human settlement to the cities. While India’s population remains substantially rural, it is emerging as one of the fastest urbanizing countries in the world and has already a staggering large urban population of around 285 million. The economic base of the nation through expanding industries, trade, commerce and services has already shifted to urban centers. Cities have strongly emerged as the prime engines of Indian economy and generators of national wealth. Even though the level of urbanization is relatively low in India, the contribution of urban economy to national economic structure is significantly high. It is realized that handling of urban development is a very delicate issue and has to be strategically operated. Thus, it can be seen that urban India is facing a challenge. Cities must cope with great numbers of people, plan to provide them services, find resources to meet needs of maintaining infrastructure, respond to urbanization and poverty. Solving these complex problems is the goal of good urban governance. It envisages improving the quality of life in cities through improved local governance by reinventing the city as an inclusive city. Such a city provides space and voice to its stakeholders through inclusive decision-making, since decision-making is the heart of urban governance.
Abstract: The entire developing world is witness to an unprecedented shift of human settlement to the cities. While India’s population remains substantially rural, it is emerging as one of the fastest urbanizing countries in the world and has already a staggering large urban population of around 285 million. The economic base of the nation through expanding ...
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Addressing the Early School Leaving Issue in Niger: An Improvement of Teachers’ Status from Contract to Permanent
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
147-152
Received:
21 November 2022
Accepted:
22 December 2022
Published:
29 December 2022
Abstract: Education plays an important role in the socioeconomic development of a country. In many developing countries including Niger, education is placed as one of the key priorities of the government. The Renaissance Programme Act 2 made education mandatory and free for all Nigeriens until the age of sixteen and the authorities have created four ministries to manage and regulate the sector. Despite the importance given to education by the government, early school leaving remains an important issue as Niger has the highest rate in West Africa. This situation is expected to continue if rapid actions are not taken. Moreover, the issue is more pronounced in primary and secondary schools with an average rate of 37.15% between 2013 and 2017. Although the problem involves several actors, contract teachers have been considered to be the main driver of the education sector. Drawing on the path dependence and critical juncture of the Historical Institutionalism framework, this article examines the issue of early school leaving in Niger’s education system. The model focuses only on teachers in primary and secondary school and explains how a change of their status (from contract to permanent teachers) may reduce the number of early schools leaving students. The study finds that, due to financial constraints, the government maintains the status quo rather than changing the status of contract teachers to permanent teachers. Furthermore, the paper shows the need for the government of Niger to focus on the two years training program for new teachers to be more equipped with adequate skills and competencies to deliver quality education to students and therefore maintain them in the education system. This study is of particular interest to policymakers in Sub Sahara African countries where contract teachers play a leading role in the education system to overcome the issue of early school leavers.
Abstract: Education plays an important role in the socioeconomic development of a country. In many developing countries including Niger, education is placed as one of the key priorities of the government. The Renaissance Programme Act 2 made education mandatory and free for all Nigeriens until the age of sixteen and the authorities have created four ministri...
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The Analysis of Regional Autonomy Implementation in Indonesia: Based on the Ruling Government Paradigm
Achmad Mudjahid Zein,
Sri Yunanto,
Ita Nurhayati,
Asep Setiawan,
Azhari Aziz Samudra
Issue:
Volume 5, Issue 4, December 2022
Pages:
153-163
Received:
24 November 2022
Accepted:
19 December 2022
Published:
29 December 2022
Abstract: This study aims to understand the development of regional autonomy in Indonesia through a historical context. The research begins by tracing the evolution of regional autonomy laws since the Old Order, New Order, and Reformation eras which caused casualties. For more than 50 years, Indonesia has changed from a centralized system of government to a decentralized one. The government uses the concept of regional autonomy because the area is large and the population is large and requires an administrative structure appropriate to the region. This study uses a qualitative methodology by collecting primary data from national libraries, historical museums, university research, and scientific journals. The findings of this study illustrate that the large area and population require an administrative structure that is by the local government. The decentralization system has become the preferred choice for various provinces. Decentralization refers to the establishment of autonomous regions and the delegation of legal authority. This delegation must be clear because, based on history, rebellions in several provinces were due to beleid (provinces' distrust of the central government). The desired delegation from the Central Government to regional governments is in the context of managing independent regional government affairs. Regional autonomy is closely related to progress in regional development and promotes national stability and unity. Nevertheless, in reality, national stability is often tested by the existence of a leader's will that is contrary to the law, which often results in conflict. An interesting finding is that since the proclamation of independence until the reform era - the decentralization system has always followed the conditions and desires of the government regime. The decentralization referred to is not pure but implies the existence of a hidden centralized system.
Abstract: This study aims to understand the development of regional autonomy in Indonesia through a historical context. The research begins by tracing the evolution of regional autonomy laws since the Old Order, New Order, and Reformation eras which caused casualties. For more than 50 years, Indonesia has changed from a centralized system of government to a ...
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