Role of BDNF-TrkB Signaling in Regulating Anxiety and Depression-Like Behavior in Diverse Brain Regions
Yafei Shi,
Chunguang Mu,
Yongjuan Xin
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
18-30
Received:
12 June 2023
Accepted:
27 June 2023
Published:
6 July 2023
Abstract: Depressive disorders occur often jointly with anxiety disorders, which can cause serious health problems. The underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Figuring out the mechanism of depressive and anxiety disorders would benefit patients in future therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a famous neurotrophin that modulates synaptic plasticity in the brain. It is generally believed that decreased BDNF levels are associated with depression. The purpose of this review is to elucidate the role of the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway in different brain regions and its antidepressant effect, to provide scientific evidence for the treatment of anxiety and depression. The changes of the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway before and after antidepressant treatment were compared by retrieving preclinical studies related to the BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway and classifying them according to different brain regions. It is found that the concentration of BDNF varies in different brain regions. The inhibition of the BDNF-TrkB pathway in the cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala and the activation of the BDNF-TrkB pathway in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and lateral habenula (LHb) is associated with anxiety and depression-like behaviors. Lacking BDNF or its receptor TrkB is not the cause of anxiety or depression, but affects the effect of antidepressant treatment. Increased BDNF can alleviate anxiety and depression. There are still other molecules that can regulate anxiety and depression-like behaviors by influencing the expression of BDNF or TrkB. The function of BDNF in the ACC, NAc, and LHb areas needs to be further explored.
Abstract: Depressive disorders occur often jointly with anxiety disorders, which can cause serious health problems. The underlying mechanism is not fully understood. Figuring out the mechanism of depressive and anxiety disorders would benefit patients in future therapy. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a famous neurotrophin that modulates synaptic...
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Neurocysticercosis at UTH of Kara: Epidemiological, Clinical, Diagnostic, Therapeutic and Evolutive Aspects
Léhleng Agba,
Lihanimpo Djalogue,
Abide Talabewi,
Nyinèvi Komla Anayo,
Kokou Mensah Guinhouya,
Massaga Dagbe,
Adama Mawuliplimi Ephoevi-Ga,
Vinyo Kumako,
Damelan Kombate,
Komi Assogba,
Agnon Ayolola Balogou
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
31-37
Received:
14 May 2023
Accepted:
20 June 2023
Published:
8 July 2023
Abstract: Objective: to determine the rate of NCC in hospital practice at the University Teaching Hospital of Kara and more specifically the socio-demographic characteristics, the different clinical and CT aspects of this affection as well as the evolutionary profile undergoing treatment. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital of Kara from January 1, 2018, to December 31, 2022. Outpatients and inpatients who showed brain imaging signs of NCC were included in this study. Results: Forty-one (41) patients have been included, corresponding to an inpatient frequency of 0.72%. The patient mean age was 49.24 years (SD, 18.67 years) and 26 (63.41%) patients were male. Thirty-one (75.61%) patients presented with epileptic seizures and 15 (36.59%) patients reported headache. Calcification lesions were identified on 36 (87.80%) CT and cystic lesions were visualized on 14 (34.15%) CT. Ischemic stroke lesions were found on the CT scans of 5 (12.20%) patients. Praziquantel was the specific anti-parasitic drug used associated to corticosteroid to minimize inflammatory response. Improvement of the mains symptoms such as seizure and headaches were observed at the end of treatment. Conclusion: NCC is a real public health problem due to the polymorphism of symptoms and clinical signs, making its diagnosis difficult. From this study, mass screening of the population should be carried out, followed by sensitization of all segments of the population, from pig farmers to consumers.
Abstract: Objective: to determine the rate of NCC in hospital practice at the University Teaching Hospital of Kara and more specifically the socio-demographic characteristics, the different clinical and CT aspects of this affection as well as the evolutionary profile undergoing treatment. Method: a cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Teachi...
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Stroke at University Teaching Hospital of Kara (Togo) in 2022: Epidemiological, Clinical, and Evolving Aspects
Agba Lehleng,
Tcherou Tchaa,
Djalogue Lihanimpo,
Talabewi Abide,
Anayo Nyinevi,
Dagbe Massaga,
Kumako Vinyo,
Kombate Damelan,
Assogba Komi,
Balogou Agnon Ayelola
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, June 2023
Pages:
38-45
Received:
4 May 2023
Accepted:
5 July 2023
Published:
20 July 2023
Abstract: Introduction: Recent studies on stroke in sub-Saharan Africa have focused on clinical and therapeutic specificities, overlooking their epidemiological aspects. Objective: We conducted this study with the aim of updating the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary aspects of strokes at the University Teaching Hospital of Kara (Northern Togo). Patients and Methods: From July 1st to December 31st, 2022, a prospective study was conducted in the Neurology Department of the University Hospital of Kara (Togo) on patients hospitalized for stroke. Results: Stroke accounted for 71.68% of Neurology admissions. Eighty-one patients were included, of which 45 (55.56%) were female. The mean age was 55.04 ± 15.72 years (17-93). Ischemic stroke occurred in 46 patients (56.79%). The main cardiovascular risk factors were personal hypertension (n = 46; 56.79%), familial hypertension (n = 37; 45.68%), dyslipidemia (n = 24; 29.63%), and smoking (n = 18; 22.22%). The main symptoms were motor deficit (n = 55; 67.90%), unusual headaches (n = 28; 34.57%), language disorders (n = 27; 33.33%), and altered consciousness (n = 25; 38.86%). The onset was sudden in 79.01% of cases (n = 64). The mean GCS was 13.74 ± 2.55 in patients with ischemic stroke and 11.00 ± 4.27 in those with hemorrhagic stroke, with p = 0.003. Eight patients (13.11%) had a GCS below 7; and among them, 87.50% (n = 7) had a hemorrhagic stroke (p = 0.008). Motor deficit was observed in 71 out of the 74 evaluated patients (95.95%). Among patients who had a NIHS scale ≥ 15 (n = 43), 51.16% (n = 22) had hemorrhagic stroke, with no significant differences according to the type of stroke (p = 0.124; RR = 1.38; 95% CI: [0.92 - 2.06]). Middle cerebral artery (MCA) was involved in 87.5% of cases of ischemic stroke. Isolated involvement of the infratentorial region was found in 9 patients, of which 6 (66.67%) were hemorrhagic. The mean ICH score of patients with hemorrhagic stroke was 2.06 ± 1.37 ([0 – 5]). The mortality rate was 23.46% (n = 19), with 40.00% in hemorrhagic stroke versus 10.87% in ischemic stroke (p = 0.002; RR = 3.68; 95% CI: [1.46-9.25]). Patients with ischemic stroke had a heavier physical disability at discharge from the hospital. Conclusion: The results of this study can serve as a basis to guide public health policies and the management of stroke patients in this region.
Abstract: Introduction: Recent studies on stroke in sub-Saharan Africa have focused on clinical and therapeutic specificities, overlooking their epidemiological aspects. Objective: We conducted this study with the aim of updating the epidemiological, clinical, and evolutionary aspects of strokes at the University Teaching Hospital of Kara (Northern Togo). Pa...
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