The Relationship Between Microbiology as a Science and the Microbiology Subject
Lilianne Dominguez Céspedes,
Yohorlin Marta Céspedes Fonseca
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
43-48
Received:
18 May 2021
Accepted:
9 June 2021
Published:
22 July 2021
Abstract: From ancient times to the Renaissance, science constitutes a knowledge that is based on the contemplation of nature. The use of the preceding results, their permanent modification, the crossing of information, models, is what constitutes science, in a cumulative tradition of knowledge and practices. The objective of this work is to contribute to the knowledge of the history of microbiology and its role in the education and preparation of future doctors. Our knowledge of microbes has had a negative side, since they are the causative agents of infectious diseases, contamination and deterioration of food, materials, etc. After the golden age of Bacteriology, inaugurated by great figures such as Pasteur and Koch, Microbiology remained for some time a descriptive and applied discipline, closely interwoven with Medicine, and with a development parallel to that of Chemistry, which it would contribute several fundamental methodological advances. Our knowledge of microbes has had a negative side, fear, since they are the causative agents of infectious diseases, and of contamination and deterioration of food, materials, etc. However, we are beginning to realize that we are completely dependent on microbial life. Life not only began with prokaryotic microorganisms, but the continuity of the very existence of life on Earth rests with them. The Microbiology subject is essential to understand the functioning of ecosystems and the interactions between the atmospheric, aquatic and terrestrial environment. Our objective is that, after taking the course, the student has acquired a global vision about the microbial world, the impact of microorganisms in the environment and their possible use in technological processes associated with the environment. We emphasize the importance of Microbiology in medicine and other related careers.
Abstract: From ancient times to the Renaissance, science constitutes a knowledge that is based on the contemplation of nature. The use of the preceding results, their permanent modification, the crossing of information, models, is what constitutes science, in a cumulative tradition of knowledge and practices. The objective of this work is to contribute to th...
Show More
Kinetics and Reactor Model of Biogas Production from Abattoir Waste (Cow Dung)
Akpa Jackson Gunorubon,
Igbagara Princewill Woyinbrakemi,
Adeloye Olalekan Michael
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
49-58
Received:
3 August 2021
Accepted:
16 August 2021
Published:
6 September 2021
Abstract: A laboratory scale anaerobic digester unit was setup and applied for biogas production from cow dung. Anaerobic digestion was conducted at 35°C and observed for a retention period of fifty days. The ambient and slurry temperatures, pH of slurry and amount of biogas produced were measured on a four-day interval basis. The experimental data obtained were used for kinetic studies by fitting the data to known kinetic models such as Linear, Exponential, Gaussian, Logistics and Modified Gompertz. The constants in these models were determined by linear regression using the Matlab curve fitting tool box. A reactor model for the bioreactor was also developed. The experimental results showed biogas production occurred within the mesophilic temperature range (28°C – 29°C - 36°C), measured pH values were 6.9 – 7 – 6.1 for fifty days’ production (retention) period. The volume of biogas produced was 27.7 ml/g, maximum production rate of biogas is 5.1 ml/g/day and the minimum time required for biogas production (the lag phase) was three days. The kinetic evaluation of the production data showed that the coefficient of determination (R2) were as follows, linear model: 0.9673 and 0.7808, exponential model: 0.9742 and 0.779 for the ascending and descending climbs respectively, Gaussian model: 0.9132, Logistic Growth model: 0.9979 and Modified Gompertz model: 0.999 with the logistic model gave the kinetic constant of 2.564. Thus, the Modified Gompertz model yielded high accuracy result. In addition, the reactor model developed solved with the Modified Gompertz kinetic model predicted the biogas production process accurately with cumulative biogas production of 28.13 ml/g compared to the experimental cumulative production of 27.7 ml/g with a deviation of 1.53%.
Abstract: A laboratory scale anaerobic digester unit was setup and applied for biogas production from cow dung. Anaerobic digestion was conducted at 35°C and observed for a retention period of fifty days. The ambient and slurry temperatures, pH of slurry and amount of biogas produced were measured on a four-day interval basis. The experimental data obtained ...
Show More
Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile of Bacterial Isolates from Commercial Poultry Farms in Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Fatokun Evelyn Nwadinkpa,
Fakorede Cecilia Nireti,
Atobatele Kofoworola Zainab
Issue:
Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2021
Pages:
59-67
Received:
26 July 2021
Accepted:
18 August 2021
Published:
29 September 2021
Abstract: Nontherapeutic antimicrobial usage in animal farms has been associated with the development and spread of resistant bacteria. The emergence of serious life-threatening infections from veterinary and environmental sources and treatment failures occurring with the available antibiotics warrants investigation into resistance of antimicrobial agents in poultry farms. This study therefore provides information on antibiotic resistance pattern of bacteria isolated from five commercial poultry farms in Ile Ife, a peri-urban settlement in Nigeria. Isolation of bacteria from droppings, feed and water samples, was performed by spread plate method using all purpose and selective media. Morphological and biochemical characterization of isolates was done. The antibiotics sensitivity of the recovered isolates was determined by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. A total 151 bacterial isolates, comprising 11 genera of 8 Gram negative and 3 Gram positive bacteria were recovered. E. coli had highest incidence rate of 21.19%, followed by Bacillus sp. with 15.23%; while the least recorded incidence of 1.32% was Citrobacter sp. All five farms recorded a 100% resistance to at least two (2) classes of antibiotics. A 100% resistance was recorded for augmentin in all five (5) farms, while 100% resistance in four (4) farms was recorded for cloxacilin. Furthermore a 100% resistance against erythromycin and cefixime respectively was documented in three farms. The least percentage resistance of 30% was against ciprofloxacin in only one farm, while the overall highest susceptibility of 39% was to ofloxacin. The multiple antibiotic resistance index (MARI) of isolates from all farms ranged from 0.3 to 1. Up to 9 bacterial genera had MARI 1, including E. coli, Salmonella, Bacillus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. This study is a further indication that poultry farms represents an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance bacteria. It also serves as a pointer to the need for enforcement of regulatory antibiotics use in poultry farming by the government, and controlled usage by all stakeholders.
Abstract: Nontherapeutic antimicrobial usage in animal farms has been associated with the development and spread of resistant bacteria. The emergence of serious life-threatening infections from veterinary and environmental sources and treatment failures occurring with the available antibiotics warrants investigation into resistance of antimicrobial agents in...
Show More
