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Digital Seed Morphometric Analysis of Nigerian Cultivated Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Varieties Grown Under Guinea Savannah Agro-ecology
Okelola Folarin Sunday,
Lawal Ismaila Temitayo,
Adebisi Moruf Adebisi
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
61-68
Received:
1 February 2022
Accepted:
23 February 2022
Published:
4 March 2022
Abstract: This study investigated the varietal differences for morphometric properties among Nigerian cultivated rice varieties. Twenty-two rice varieties were grown under rain fed conditions in guinea agro-ecology at National Agricultural Seed Council, Abuja, Nigeria in 2017 and 2018. After 30 days of harvest, seed samples were collected for morphometric evaluation. The seed samples were evaluated in laboratory of the Department of Plant Breeding and Seed Technology, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta in 2017 and 2018 using completely randomized design in three replicates. Seeds obtained from the 22 varieties in two years were assessed for: six morphometric (physical) characters: seed projected area, seed straight length (mm), seed curve length (mm), seed straight width (mm), seed curved width (mm), seed width length (mm) and seed perimeter (mm) using an Epson Scanner connected to a computer device to acquire image of the seeds. A reagent instrument from Reagent Instrument Inc. Canada was used for the digital image analysis by running the custom written software WinSEEDLETM (Pro Version). Data obtained were subjected to Analysis of Variance and means were separated using Tukey’s HSD at 5% probability level. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and principal component analyses were also used. Significant varietal differences were observed for all seed physical characters evaluated. Seed physical characters (projected area, curve length, seed width, seed length and perimeters) were higher in 2018 compared to 2017. WAB 189 had superior physical characters. FARO 62 and FARO 22 had the least values for most of the seed physical characters. Most of the seed morphometric characteristics were strongly associated with one another. PC1 with seed projected area, straight length, seed straight width, seed curved width and seed perimeter contributed to the total variation observed. The study concluded that WAB 189 and FARO 50 with superior seed physical characters should be used for future seed improvement programme.
Abstract: This study investigated the varietal differences for morphometric properties among Nigerian cultivated rice varieties. Twenty-two rice varieties were grown under rain fed conditions in guinea agro-ecology at National Agricultural Seed Council, Abuja, Nigeria in 2017 and 2018. After 30 days of harvest, seed samples were collected for morphometric ev...
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Food Security and Nutrition of Smallholder Farming Households in South-East Nigeria: Evidence from Imo State
Nneka Maris Chidiebere-Mark,
Chinwe Evangel Ahaneku,
Adewale Adeyemi Oluwaseun
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
69-74
Received:
12 January 2022
Accepted:
4 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: Smallholder farmers play a significant role in rural economic growth, as they contribute a large portion of the workforce in the rural areas. Consumption of less diverse diets and inadequate access to sufficient food poses a danger for their health. We assessed the food security status and nutrition of smallholder farming households in Imo State, South-East Nigeria. We identified sources of food availability of the households, determined the food security status of the farming households and also determined factors affecting the food security status of the farmers. This study used survey data from 195 smallholder farming households in Imo State, South-East Nigeria. Household dietary diversity score (HDDS) and binary logistic regression model were employed to estimate the food security status and the determinants. The results show that the farmers engaged in different farming systems, including crop production, livestock production and mixed farming. The farming households relied on their farm production and food purchases to meet their energy and dietary needs, with food gifts supplementing the food available to some households. We found that male-headed households were more food secure than female-headed households. The number of food insecure households were relatively higher than the percentage of households that were food secure. The age of the household head, education, sex, household size and market-orientation significantly influence the food security status of the farming households. It is recommended that farmers should engage in diverse farming systems as well as market orientation to enhance the nutrition and food security of their households.
Abstract: Smallholder farmers play a significant role in rural economic growth, as they contribute a large portion of the workforce in the rural areas. Consumption of less diverse diets and inadequate access to sufficient food poses a danger for their health. We assessed the food security status and nutrition of smallholder farming households in Imo State, S...
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Micro Level Study of Ethnic and Non-Ethnic Households’ Food Security and Dietary Diversity
M. Mizanur Rahman Sarker,
Farah Hossain Jury,
Maruf Khan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
75-81
Received:
12 February 2022
Accepted:
12 March 2022
Published:
23 March 2022
Abstract: Although Bangladesh has achieved rice self-sufficiency, this does not imply to food security. Around 25% of the population is still food insecure. The fundamental factor is poverty. Despite improvements in many aspects of food security, the Bangladeshi people still lack dietary diversity, resulting in nutritional imbalance. The investigation's focus is on Bangladesh's northwestern region. Though numerous attempts have been made to comprehend rural people's food insecurity, ethnic minority communities are often overlooked. They make up about 1.25 percent of the Bangladeshi population. Many ethnic groups from the plains confront harsh living conditions, such as inadequate housing, contaminated drinking water, and insecurity. In this study the socioeconomic status, household food security, consumption status and dietary diversity of ethnic groups are compared with the majority Bengali community. Ethnic groups expenditure level exceeds their income. Although their income is very poor but the ethnic groups has more months’ of cereal food availability than non-ethnic groups. Most of them are landless. Whatever land they have, most of it is homestead area. They have three meals a day but their dietary diversity is not sufficient. It can be seen that 98.39% non-ethnic households and 97.04% ethnic households have access to safe drinking water. Both groups are vulnerable, marginal and poor. It is important to emphasis on poverty alleviation through income generating activities.
Abstract: Although Bangladesh has achieved rice self-sufficiency, this does not imply to food security. Around 25% of the population is still food insecure. The fundamental factor is poverty. Despite improvements in many aspects of food security, the Bangladeshi people still lack dietary diversity, resulting in nutritional imbalance. The investigation's focu...
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Intercropping of Faba Bean and Bread Wheat at Kulumsa, South-Eastern Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
82-88
Received:
7 February 2022
Accepted:
21 March 2022
Published:
25 April 2022
Abstract: The increasing price of inputs increased cost of production of wheat in Arsi zone which leads to minimum net income. This forced few farmers to use crop rotation in the area. They do this to minimize the amount of fertilizer required and break pest cycle (disease, weed and insect) for cereal especially wheat. However most farmers do not use this rotation as required because of land shortage. They do not want to loss wheat every year. Because of this, alternative cropping system is needed to solve this problem. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the compatibility of faba bean/wheat inter cropping, to select suitable variety of faba bean under different spatial patterns of intercropping, and to assess the economic feasibility of intercropping faba bean with bread wheat in the area. A field experiment was conducted in 2019 main cropping season at Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, Southeastern Ethiopia to select suitable varieties of faba bean in intercropping and to assess the economic profitability of intercropping faba bean with bread wheat in the area. The treatments were three faba bean varieties (Ashebeka, Hachalu and Tumsa) intercropped with bread wheat (variety Hulluka) in three different planting ratios (1W:1FB, 1W:2FB, 2W:1FB) and sole planting of the three faba bean varieties and wheat. Randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Planting ratio of 1W:2FB, sole cropped faba bean and planting ratio of 1W:1FB with variety Hachalu gave highest grain yield (3426.3 kgha-1), above ground biomass (11257.3 kgha-1) and harvest index of faba bean (36%), respectively. Planting ratio of 2W:1FB gave the highest wheat yield (1896.6 kgha-1). The highest (8057.13 kgha-1) above ground biomass yield of wheat was recorded at 2W:1FB. Highest gross monetary value of 100,591ETB/ha was obtained with planting ratio of 1W:2FB with variety Tumsa. Sole wheat gave the lowest gross monetary value of 59,752 ETB/ha. This could be due to high price and better competition ability of faba bean with good rainfall distribution in the growing season.
Abstract: The increasing price of inputs increased cost of production of wheat in Arsi zone which leads to minimum net income. This forced few farmers to use crop rotation in the area. They do this to minimize the amount of fertilizer required and break pest cycle (disease, weed and insect) for cereal especially wheat. However most farmers do not use this ro...
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Evaluation of the Economic Profitability of the Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) Trade in Côte d'Ivoire: Survey of Six Markets in the Autonomous District of Abidjan
Koffi Kouao Jean,
Haba Jean Florent,
Phaceli Elichama Desiree,
Yao Francis N’guetia,
Dembele Ardjouma,
Bakayoko Adama,
Bogaert Jan
Issue:
Volume 7, Issue 2, March 2022
Pages:
89-95
Received:
12 March 2022
Accepted:
15 April 2022
Published:
25 April 2022
Abstract: Côte d'Ivoire's fruit and vegetable exports are literally dominated by pineapple, banana and mango. Apart from these fruits, Côte d'Ivoire also exports some fruits that do not enjoy the same success as their congeners, including the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). The objective of this study was to evaluate the microeconomic profitability of the mangosteen trade in Côte d'Ivoire through the socio-demographic characterization of the traders, the analysis of the marketing circuit, the evaluation of the financial profitability of the trade and the determination of the constraints encountered in the exercise of the activity. To do this, a reasoned choice survey was used as a method for collecting information on mangosteen marketing. The survey was conducted among retailers in five markets in the city of Abidjan and in the fruit market in the town of Azaguié. The results reveal that the mangosteen trade is exclusively carried out by women, most of whom are from the north of Côte d'Ivoire. This activity generates an average monthly income of 110,376.66 ± 2,734.16 CFA francs, which enables traders to meet several expenses. The average financial returns obtained on each of the markets surveyed were above 10%. The average financial return was 81.16%. The marketing of the mangosteen could therefore constitute a real opportunity for economic and social development for the population, which deserves a lot of attention.
Abstract: Côte d'Ivoire's fruit and vegetable exports are literally dominated by pineapple, banana and mango. Apart from these fruits, Côte d'Ivoire also exports some fruits that do not enjoy the same success as their congeners, including the mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana). The objective of this study was to evaluate the microeconomic profitability of the ...
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