Lipid Biogenic Gene Pathways as Biomarkers to Identify Elevated Intraocular Eye Pressure
Rakshith Srinivasan,
Padmanabhan P. Pattabiraman
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
39-43
Received:
7 September 2023
Accepted:
25 September 2023
Published:
27 September 2023
Abstract: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, and around 2.7 million cases of Glaucoma are diagnosed every year. Glaucoma is when excess aqueous humor fluid in the eye causes high intraocular eye pressure within the eye, which damages the optic nerve overtime. In a healthy eye, the aqueous humor is drained by the trabecular meshwork, a specialized tissue located in the drainage angle of the eye. The trabecular meshwork allows aqueous humor to flow out of the eye through a network of channels and spaces, which helps to maintain the balance of the production and drainage of the fluid, regulating the intraocular eye pressure. When the trabecular meshwork is damaged, it leads to a buildup of the fluid which leads to increase in intraocular eye pressure. Early stages of glaucoma have limited symptoms and it is diagnosed by measuring intraocular eye pressure which has many limitations and difficulties. Therefore, an alternative method, such as looking at a biomarker, would prove more efficient and valuable. Since glaucoma inflicts optic nerve damage and retinal ganglion cell loss overtime, treatments are reactive as opposed to preventive. Using a biomarker to predict when glaucoma will occur can be a game changer in curing the disease more effectively. This research paper looks at lipid biogenic as a biomarker for high intraocular eye pressure, a key sign and effect of glaucoma. Understanding the expression and regulation of lipids in the Trabecular meshwork of the eye is integral in diagnosing glaucoma early in patients, so that treatment can start sooner. Trabecular meshwork cells were taken from a mouse, goat, and pig sample, and lipid expression was analyzed while these cells were under different levels of stress. The hypothesis is that if the TM cell is under more stress, the lipid levels will be under expressed, because lipids are an important factor in regulating intraocular pressure homeostasis, along with aqueous humor drainage. Therefore, a lower expression of lipids in TM cells points towards the patient having abnormally high intraocular eye pressure, effectively having glaucoma. In conclusion, the data points towards lipids being a biomarker towards identifying high intraocular eye pressure. There is a clear correlation between decreased lipid biogenic pathway expression and overstressed trabecular meshwork cells. This research was conducted at the Marilyn Eye Glick Institute in Indiana University under the supervision of Dr. Pattabiraman.
Abstract: Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, and around 2.7 million cases of Glaucoma are diagnosed every year. Glaucoma is when excess aqueous humor fluid in the eye causes high intraocular eye pressure within the eye, which damages the optic nerve overtime. In a healthy eye, the aqueous humor is drained by the trabecular meshwork, a s...
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Research Article
Comparative Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy Characteristics of Full Femtosecond Smile Correction and FS-LASIK Refractive Correction - A Population-Based Study
Issue:
Volume 8, Issue 3, September 2023
Pages:
44-47
Received:
13 October 2023
Accepted:
27 October 2023
Published:
9 November 2023
Abstract: Background: The widespread use of full femtosecond laser technology in the field of refractive errors has pushed corneal refractive surgery in a non-invasive direction. Common methods include femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser in situ corneal grinding (FS-LASIK) and femtosecond laser small incision corneal matrix lens extraction (SMILE). What are the clinical characteristics of the two after surgery and the differences in the clinical manifestations after the operation. This study will explain the advantages and disadvantages and research results of the two types of surgery. Research methods; From January 2021 to January 2023, 25 refractive irregularities (49 eyes) and 12 male patients who were corrected by FS-LASIK in the hospital; 13 cases of women were selected as the FS-LASIK group. In addition, 30 refractive irregularities (60 eyes) and 17 male patients who came to the hospital for SMILE correction at the same period were selected as the SMILE group. In the study, it is necessary to count UDVA, SE, HOAs, bulbration, comet difference, tear secretion test, TBUT, OSDI score, BCDVA, astigmatism, etc. at different time stages of preoperative and postoperative 1w, 1m, 1m, 3m and 6m before and 6m. Statistical analysis and clinical characteristics are carried out through the above data. Objective; Compare the clinical characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of femtosecond laser small incision corneal matrix lens extraction (SMILE) and femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser in situ corneal grinding (FS-LASIK) in the treatment of refractive errors. Results; Compared with the two groups of patients, the differences in postoperative UDVA, SE, HOAs, spherical aberration, comet difference, tear secretion test, TBUT and OSDI scores were statistically significant (P <0.05), but the differences between BCDVA and astigmatism were not statistically significant (P >0.05). The HOAs of SMILE group patients (30) were lower than those in the FS-LASIK group (P <0.05). The coma difference between 1 week and January to June after surgery in the SMILE group was higher than that in the FS-LASIK group (P <0.05). The TBUT of patients in the SMILE group was significantly longer than that of the FS-LASIK group (P <0.05).
Abstract: Background: The widespread use of full femtosecond laser technology in the field of refractive errors has pushed corneal refractive surgery in a non-invasive direction. Common methods include femtosecond laser-assisted excimer laser in situ corneal grinding (FS-LASIK) and femtosecond laser small incision corneal matrix lens extraction (SMILE). What...
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