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Burden of Intestinal Parasite Among Patients Attended Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
53-57
Received:
19 May 2022
Accepted:
21 June 2022
Published:
5 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajls.20221004.11
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Abstract: Background: Intestinal parasitic infectivity is still the major reason of morbidity and mortality globally. In developing countries, including Ethiopia, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases is high. In Ethiopia, prevalence of intestinal parasite was varied from 46-79%. Local data is very important to plan and prevent this infection. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the burden of intestinal among patients attended Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Ethiopia. Method: A ten year retrospective cross sectional study was conducted from December 1-30/2021. The records of 2011-2020 were extracted from parasitological laboratory stool examination result logbook at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital. The stool samples were examined saline wet mount method. Extracted data were entered and analyzed in SPSS 20.0 software and the result was summarized using tables and graphs. The study excluded patient result with incomplete information. Also data from Pediatrics laboratory was not included due to result logbook storage condition was not appropriate. Result. The study included 13,679 patients who provided stool samples for the parasitology laboratory at Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital over a ten-year period from 2011-2020. The overall prevalence of intestinal parasites was 47.9% for at least one intestinal parasite. The prevalence of helminth and protozoan infections was 20.3% and 27.6%, respectively. Entamoeba histolytica/E. dispar trophozoite was the most common identified parasite, which was seen in 18% of the patients, while Enterobius vermicularis (0.1%) was the least reported parasite. Other parasites identified were Ascaris lumbricoides (15.0%), Hookworm species (2.0%), Taenia species (1.8%), Hymenolepis nana (0.7%), Strongyloides stercoralis (0.3%), Trichuris trichuria (0.2%), and Shistosoma mansoni (0.2%). The prevalence of helminthes was higher in females (23.3%) than in males (19.5%), while that of protozoan infections was 28.5% in males than females 23.8%. Conclusion: Prevalence of intestinal parasite in patients attending Wolaita Sodo University Comprehensive Specialized Hospital was high. Therefore, personal hygiene and periodic screening for intestinal parasites was recommended.
Abstract: Background: Intestinal parasitic infectivity is still the major reason of morbidity and mortality globally. In developing countries, including Ethiopia, the prevalence of intestinal parasitic diseases is high. In Ethiopia, prevalence of intestinal parasite was varied from 46-79%. Local data is very important to plan and prevent this infection. Ther...
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Review on Breeding Cultivars for N-Low Stress Tolerance in Major Food Crops
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
58-71
Received:
17 May 2022
Accepted:
1 July 2022
Published:
12 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajls.20221004.12
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Abstract: The growth and development of plants depend on nitrogen. Cereal crop development is greatly influenced by soil nitrogen content, and tropical soils have low nitrogen contents. Organic waste can trap nitrogen in the soil, making it unavailable to plants. On the other hand, low-input farming refers to systems that are maintained with less inputs, leading to a stressed system, typically caused by a scarcity of nitrogen and phosphate or a lack of water, which results in output losses. It is frequently related to and used as a synonym for organic farming in developed nations. A tolerant plant can no longer fend off or control the spread of a disease after it has taken hold. Finding ways to increase food production is therefore urgently needed, especially in the world's poorest areas. In contemporary improvement attempts, genotypic selection based on higher yield performance is typically carried out under optimal circumstances for each type of stress. To address these situations, breeding curricula that look at potential low-yielding varieties must be created. In these curricula, varieties with better stress tolerances such as delayed leaf senescence, improved nutrient economy, local environmental fitness, consistent yield, and disease resistance are chosen, increasing the sustainability of low-input systems. As a result, researchers from all around the world are putting in a lot of effort to create improved varieties and hybrids. Crop cultivars that are abiotic and biotic-tolerant can be created through introduction, selection, hybridization, and mutation techniques. Pedigree, modified bulk pedigree, and another culture method were used to produce a cultivar that can withstand salinity. In order to create superior genotypes by conventional breeding or biotechnological methods, a geneticist must comprehend the genetic foundation of biotic and a biotic tolerance in crop plants. Breeders must continuously update their knowledge and abilities to keep current due to the quick advancements in crop science and genetic technologies.
Abstract: The growth and development of plants depend on nitrogen. Cereal crop development is greatly influenced by soil nitrogen content, and tropical soils have low nitrogen contents. Organic waste can trap nitrogen in the soil, making it unavailable to plants. On the other hand, low-input farming refers to systems that are maintained with less inputs, lea...
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Genotype x Environment Interaction and Yield Stability of Bread Wheat Genotypes in Oromia, Ethiopia
Berhanu Sime,
Gudeta Nepir,
Bedada Girma,
Alemu Dabi
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
72-77
Received:
13 June 2022
Accepted:
12 July 2022
Published:
22 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajls.20221004.13
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Abstract: Bread wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of Ethiopia grown over wider agro- ecologies mainly between 1900 to 3000 above sea level, Study on genotype by environment interaction and stability of 25 bread wheat genotypes was conducted across six locations 2019/2020 main growing season by Alpha lattice design using three replications at six locations in Oromia, Ethiopia. The main objectives of the present study are to interpret genotype main effect and GE interactions obtained by Additive mean-effect and multiplication Interaction analysis and group the genotypes having similar response pattern over all environments. The AMMI analysis also revealed that bread wheat grain yield was significantly affected by the environment at p < 0.01 and explained 82.44% of the total variation. This indicated existence of high variability among the environments. Comparatively, genotype and GEI captured 6.23% and 11.33% of the total variation, respectively. On the other hand, genotypes BW174463, ETBW9193 and ETBW9087 genotypes are located closer to the origin of the biplot, and this implies that these bread wheat genotypes are stable across environments. In the first quadrant genotypes ETBW9066, ETBWBW174459, ETBW9193, ETBW9087, LEMMU and ETBW9185 are positively associated with locations kulumsa, Debre-Zeit, Holeta and Arsi-Robe are considered adaptable. The genotype with low YSI is considered as high yielding and stable genotypes. Accordingly, BW174466, BW174463, ETBW9094, ETBW9315 and, ETBW9089 were the most stable genotypes which were determined by YSI with mean grain yield of 5.33 t/ha, 5.11 t/ha, 5.41 t/ha, 5.14 t/ha and 6.29 t/ha, respectively.
Abstract: Bread wheat is one of the most important cereal crops of Ethiopia grown over wider agro- ecologies mainly between 1900 to 3000 above sea level, Study on genotype by environment interaction and stability of 25 bread wheat genotypes was conducted across six locations 2019/2020 main growing season by Alpha lattice design using three replications at si...
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Effect of Different Varieties of Vetch Hay Supplementation on Carcass Characteristics of Sheep Fed a Basal Diet of Fodder Oat Hay
Berhanu Tassew,
Adugna Tolera,
Mengistu Urge
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
78-87
Received:
15 June 2022
Accepted:
12 July 2022
Published:
22 July 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajls.20221004.14
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Abstract: Three vetch varieties; Gebisa, Lalisa and Abdeta were released from Sinana Agricultural Research Center for their superiority in terms of yield or biomass production, disease resistance, wider adaptation and quality based on chemical analysis. However, the effect of feeding these forages on carcass characteristics of sheep was not evaluated. Therefore, the experiment was conducted using thirty five yearling intact male Arsi-Bale sheep with initial body weight of 21.4±0.6 Kg (Mean± SD) with the objectives of investigating the varietal differences of vetch hay on carcass characteristics of Arsi-Bale sheep and to evaluate the potentials of fodder oat and vetch hay based feeding for sheep fattening. The sheep were blocked into seven blocks of five animals based on their initial body weight and animals within each block were randomly assigned to one of the five treatment diets. The treatment diets were; ad libitum fodder oat hay alone (T1) and ad libitum fodder oat hay supplemented with 350g DM hay of four vetch varieties, namely; Gebisa, Lalisa, Abdeta and Vicia sativa for T2, T3, T4 and T5, respectively. After the 21 days of quarantine period and 15 days of acclimatization to the experimental diets and pens the sheep were fed their respective treatments for 90 days. At the endof90 days feed was withheld from all the sheep over night, they were weighed the next morning, and the weight was recorded as slaughter body weight (SBW). Once the slaughter body weight was taken the sheep were slaughtered immediately for carcass evaluation. Slaughter body weight (SBW), hot carcass weight (HCW), chilled carcass weight (CCW), empty body weight (EBW) and rib eye muscle area (REMA) were significantly highest (P < 0.001) for T1. The proportion of muscle (61.5-63.9%) and fat (16.1-19.8%) were not significantly different (P > 0.05) among treatments, while proportion of bone (18.5-21.0%) was significantly higher (P < 0.01) for T1 as compared to T2, T3 and T4. The amount of muscle was significantly highest (P < 0.001) for T1. In conclusion, supplementation of Gebisa vetch variety (T2) induced highest carcass parameters of sheep than all other treatments and is therefore, recommended. Moreover, based on the results of the current study it was concluded that fodder oat and vetch hay based feeding is explicitly high potential feeding strategy and effort should be made to introduce and scale up the production of these forages in the farming system.
Abstract: Three vetch varieties; Gebisa, Lalisa and Abdeta were released from Sinana Agricultural Research Center for their superiority in terms of yield or biomass production, disease resistance, wider adaptation and quality based on chemical analysis. However, the effect of feeding these forages on carcass characteristics of sheep was not evaluated. Theref...
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Characterization of Livebait Fishing by Pole-and-Line Tuna Vessels in Hann Bay, Senegal, West Africa
Bassirou Diarra,
Waly Ndiaye,
Malick Diouf
Issue:
Volume 10, Issue 4, August 2022
Pages:
88-94
Received:
6 July 2022
Accepted:
20 July 2022
Published:
12 August 2022
DOI:
10.11648/j.ajls.20221004.15
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Abstract: Senegal has a large coastline that faces the Atlantic Ocean and most developed fishing industnes in West Africa. The fishing industry supplies food for domestic consumption and is a signifIcant source of foreign exchange. Senegal's highly developed tuna fishery, one of West Africa's largest, is dominated by the commercial sector. The present study provides information about pole and line fishery. This work focused on data from Fisheries Protection and Surveillance Directorate (FPSD) reports of fishery observers on foreign-flagged tuna vessels from 2015 to 2019, representing more than 330 live bait fishing operations. Masters of pole-and-line tuna vessels or representatives of the Thiaroye shipowners and fishermen working on the sea concerned were investigated. The existence of a fleet consisting of pole-and-line tuna vessels of some 15 foreign and domestic vessels based in the port of Dakar targeted these species of tropical tuna. The bait fishery was carried out by the artisan fishermen of Thiaroye sur mer, authorized by the Maritime Fisheries Directorate (MFD), but without a formal procedure manual. These fishermen were very uneducated and did not have a professional organization that could defend their interests. The percentage of livebait needed to catch tuna varied from 8.7% in 2015 to 3.2% in 2019 for foreign vessels. Due to the lack of observers on Senegalese pole-and-line tuna vessels, there was a loss of information on these livebait fishing activities. The quality of the bait was a function of the intrinsic characteristics of the species, in particular its resilience to storage conditions in the tanks, its frenetic behaviour or not once rejected.
Abstract: Senegal has a large coastline that faces the Atlantic Ocean and most developed fishing industnes in West Africa. The fishing industry supplies food for domestic consumption and is a signifIcant source of foreign exchange. Senegal's highly developed tuna fishery, one of West Africa's largest, is dominated by the commercial sector. The present study ...
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