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Documentation of Traditional Knowledge on “Coffee” (Coffea arabica) in Jimma, Ilubabor and West Wollega Zone
Guta Waktole Weyesa,
Rahel Tilahun
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
1-8
Received:
3 December 2020
Accepted:
30 December 2020
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: Coffee, of genus Coffea, is a member of Rubiaceae family that consists of more than 400 species and is mostly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions. The major coffee production systems include forest, semi-forest, garden and plantations. Coffee is intercropped with other companion crops or leguminous shade trees as low-cost production options to diversify food and cash security. Rainfall is the most important factor governing the distribution of coffee farming and wild coffee forests in Ethiopia. The distribution of rainfall varies greatly across Ethiopia, according to season, altitude and physical features of the landscape. Coffee is made from coffee bean and known to have the properties of keeping drinkers alert and awake. The use of coffee leaves to make tea has long been a tradition in West Sumatera, Ethiopia, Jamaica, India, Java and South Sudan. The main objective of this study is to document the traditional knowledge of people on “Coffee” (Coffea arabica) in Jimma, Ilubabor and West Wollega Zone. This study was conducted in Jimma, Elubabor and West Wollega Zone from January - November, 2019. Multistage sampling technique was employed to collect traditional knowledge of people on Coffea arabica. Primary data were collected from the respondents by distributing questionnaires and focus group discussion. The collected data were analyzed by using SPSS (statistical package for social sciences). The result of the study indicates that: the type of land preferred for the production of Coffeaarabica was semi forest whereas the most preferable soil was sand soil. The type of land preferred for the production of Coffeaarabica was semi forest whereas the most preferable soil was sand soil. Summer and spring were preferable seasons by the farmers of the study area for coffee production. Cordia Africana, Croton macrostachyus, Ziziumguaniense and Acacia abyssinica were very relevant for coffea arabica shade. The respondents manage the disease by removing the affected part of Coffea arabica tree and burning it. Coffea Arabica also has cultural and spiritual values.
Abstract: Coffee, of genus Coffea, is a member of Rubiaceae family that consists of more than 400 species and is mostly grown in the tropical and subtropical regions. The major coffee production systems include forest, semi-forest, garden and plantations. Coffee is intercropped with other companion crops or leguminous shade trees as low-cost production optio...
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Dry Matter Production Response of Non-conventional Pineapple (Ananas comosus L.) Seedling to Nursery Media Preparation
Leta Ajema,
Kidist Shewangizaw
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
9-12
Received:
3 January 2021
Accepted:
19 January 2021
Published:
12 March 2021
Abstract: Establishment and management of pineapple production mainly lie on the production and supply of quality planting material with desirable root and shoot growth characteristics. Farmers in the South Ethiopia, uses different parts of pineapple like ground sucker, slips, and also crown sucker to transplant to the permanent fields. The fertilization practices were also not common, some farmers use to apply organic fertilizers like animal dung at the permanent field while there is no any media information generated to seedling production. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine the dry matter Production responses of non-conventional pineapple Seedling to organic based nursery media Preparation. The experiment was arranged in RCBD with three replication and six treatments. Six treatment combinations of compost to topsoil ratio in (0:1), (1:1), (1:2), (1:3) (1:4) and compost only (1:0). All the relevant parameters were collected and computed using SAS software. Treatment means were separated using LSD at 5% probability. The results revealed significant variation among the treatments that indicated, the soil based nursery media of compost (1:0) and (1:1) ratio of compost to topsoil responded the best dry matter production response of pineapple seedling in terms of, leaf fresh weight, leaf dry weight, root dry weight and total plant dry biomass. This result suggested that compost (1:0) and or compost to topsoil in (1:1) ratios was useful media to produce the best growth of pineapple seedling before transplanting to its production field.
Abstract: Establishment and management of pineapple production mainly lie on the production and supply of quality planting material with desirable root and shoot growth characteristics. Farmers in the South Ethiopia, uses different parts of pineapple like ground sucker, slips, and also crown sucker to transplant to the permanent fields. The fertilization pra...
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Crystal Structure of Peptidyl-tRNA Hydrolase from Acinetobacter baumannii at 1.00 Å Resolution
Vijayan Viswanathan,
Pradeep Sharma,
Prashant Kumar Singh,
Punit Kaur,
Sujata Sharma,
Tej Pal Singh
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
13-23
Received:
20 February 2021
Accepted:
8 March 2021
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: The essential process of protein biosynthesis in the cell often gets stalled due to the premature abortion of the translation process and generates a byproduct of peptidyl-tRNA molecules. This defect is corrected by peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth) by hydrolyzing peptidyl-tRNA to yield tRNA and peptides. In order to understand the mechanism of catalytic action and detailed stereochemical features of the substrate binding site, the structure of Pth has been determined at 1.00 Å resolution. The Pth enzyme from Acinetobacter baumannii (AbPth) was cloned, expressed, purified and crystallized. The structure was refined to Rcryst and Rfree values of 0.145 and 0.157 respectively. The electron densities were observed for many hydrogen atoms in the structure. In AbPth, the residues, Asn12, His22, Asn70, Asp95 and Asn116 are involved in the catalytic process. The structure determination revealed that His22 Nᵟ1 forms a hydrogen bond with Asp95 Oᵟ2 while His22 Nε2 is hydrogen bonded to Asn116 Nᵟ2. In this case, the side chain of Asn116 adopts a conformation with value of 65°. Upon ligand binding, Asn116 adopts a different conformation with value of -70⁰. In the present structure, the conformation of Tyr68 is observed in the disallowed region of Ramachandran’s plot with φ, ѱ values of 80⁰, 150⁰. However, it is observed that Tyr68 adopts both disallowed and allowed conformations in Pth enzymes indicating a structural flexibility. The structure determination also revealed multiple conformations of the side chains of a number of amino acid residues.
Abstract: The essential process of protein biosynthesis in the cell often gets stalled due to the premature abortion of the translation process and generates a byproduct of peptidyl-tRNA molecules. This defect is corrected by peptidyl-tRNA hydrolase (Pth) by hydrolyzing peptidyl-tRNA to yield tRNA and peptides. In order to understand the mechanism of catalyt...
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Review on Factors Affecting Regeneration of Indigenous Tree Species in Ethiopia
Habte Wendime Gemechu,
Dereje Bekele Jiru
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
24-29
Received:
17 December 2020
Accepted:
31 December 2020
Published:
17 March 2021
Abstract: This paper is a review from various research articles and literatures on factors affecting regeneration of indigenous tree species in Ethiopia. A couple of decades ago, the regeneration status of indigenous tree species in the natural forest of the country were better as compared to the situation at the present. In addition, because of the various benefits they provide for farming community, farmers cultivate indigenous tree species on their farmlands as components of agroforestry systems. The regeneration status of these indigenous tree species can be determined by comparing the population of seedlings, saplings, and matured trees of each species. The successful regeneration of these indigenous woody species depends on several factors. The ability of these woody species to initiate new seedlings and their survival and also growth of seedlings and saplings of the species are among the major factors affecting their regeneration. In addition, knowledge gap on seed biology and germination physiology, which is the base for planning quality seed collection by understanding the maturity of seeds; climatic and environmental factors that affect the resistance of a tree species and seedling survival; expansion of invasive alien species that affect the stage of either fruiting, germination or growth of tree species; anthropogenic activities such as deforestation and forest fragmentation; as well as expansion of exotic tree species are also some of the factors that affect the regeneration of these native tree species. Therefore, management and conservation strategies and interventions that are well aligned with addressing these factors should be designed and implemented for enhancing the regeneration of indigenous tree species of the country.
Abstract: This paper is a review from various research articles and literatures on factors affecting regeneration of indigenous tree species in Ethiopia. A couple of decades ago, the regeneration status of indigenous tree species in the natural forest of the country were better as compared to the situation at the present. In addition, because of the various ...
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Natural Basis for the Proliferation of Malaria Vectors in Northern Benin (West Africa)
Andre Sominahouin,
Roseric Azondekon,
Sahabi Bio Bangana,
Casimir Kpanou,
Germain Gil Padonou,
Razaki Osse,
Benoît Assogba,
Fiacre Agossa,
Filemon Tokponon,
Martin Cossi Akogbéto
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
30-36
Received:
19 September 2020
Accepted:
29 September 2020
Published:
22 March 2021
Abstract: Background: Malaria transmission is based on four essential elements: the vector, the parasite, humans and the environment. However, of the four elements, the environment is not sufficiently exploited. Methods: In the research presence carried out in 6 localities in North Benin, we used a microscopic vision of the health geographer, focusing on certain components of geography, entomology and meteorology to show what to show spatial disparities in malaria transmission using Arcgis 10.4, Global Mapper and SPSS 21.0 for regression and correlation analysis. Results: The results of our research show that the slopes are unstable. Also, the lower the altitude, the lower the water kinetics and consequently a lot of water stagnation favourable for the development of mosquito breeding sites. The explanatory power of the regression model means that 54.3% of the variation in positive mosquito breeding is explained by human population density. Conclusions: Benin must make significant progress in the elimination of malaria using a new effort to understand the ecology of vector mosquitoes based on spatial disparities in the fight against malaria.
Abstract: Background: Malaria transmission is based on four essential elements: the vector, the parasite, humans and the environment. However, of the four elements, the environment is not sufficiently exploited. Methods: In the research presence carried out in 6 localities in North Benin, we used a microscopic vision of the health geographer, focusing on cer...
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Carbon Stock Density of the Different Carbon Pools in Tulu Lafto Forest and Woodland Complex: Horo Guduru Wollega Zone, Oromia Region, Ethiopia
Fekadu Gurmessa,
Bikila Warkineh,
Sebsebe Demissew,
Teshome Soromessa
Issue:
Volume 9, Issue 1, June 2021
Pages:
37-47
Received:
18 March 2021
Accepted:
21 May 2021
Published:
31 May 2021
Abstract: Forest contains one of the world’s largest terrestrial C pools and play vital role in combating climate change through carbon sequestration. This study was conducted on Tulu Lafto Forest and woodland complex (here after named as TLF) with the objective of investigating carbon stock density of the different carbon pools and its variation between vegetation units. Data were collected from a total of 75 nested plots. Diameter at breast height and total height were measured for all woody individuals (trees, shrubs and lianas) that attained a DBH of 2.5 cm and above. Woody plants that did not attained a DBH of 2.5 cm and herbaceous plants were destructively harvested from subplots of 1 m2 within the main plot. All dead woods were also measured for their length and diameter and samples were taken to determine its specific wood density and decomposition class. Above and below ground biomass was estimated using allometric equation, while the litter carbon was determined by loss on ignition (LOI) method. Soil samples were also collected in order to determine soil organic carbon. The mean above and below ground C stocks were 218.4 and 43.49 t C ha-1, respectively while, C stocks in soil organic matter, dead wood and litter were 128.95, 6.15 and 2.43 t C ha-1, respectively. The total C stock density of TLF was found to be 399.42 ± 265.15 t C ha-1 of which 54.68 and 32.28% was kept in the aboveground biomass and soil, respectively. Result indicated that there is significant C stock density variation between vegetation units in the study area.
Abstract: Forest contains one of the world’s largest terrestrial C pools and play vital role in combating climate change through carbon sequestration. This study was conducted on Tulu Lafto Forest and woodland complex (here after named as TLF) with the objective of investigating carbon stock density of the different carbon pools and its variation between veg...
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