Background: Seleno-proteins, Iodothyronine 5’ dehydronases (DIO) affect the function of thyroid gland. The expression of receptors of DIOs are affected by sex hormones (Oestradiol and Testosterone). The objective of this research therefore was to study differential effect of these hormones in boys and girls (Tick-Phenomenon). Methods: Fifty HIV 1 positive, treatment Naïve children, were enrolled for the study. Half 25 were given fixed dose of 50 µgm yeast selenium while the matched 25 were on control. Weight was taken at 0, 3 and 6 months. Results: Children on selenium had weight gain of 2.5Kg at six months. The weight for age Z score increased above -2SDs cut off point at six months among children on selenium, in all age categories {, 3-5 years 1.20±2.45, 6-8years 0.19±0.880, 9-15 years 0.97±1.22}. In the matched Controls there was a decrease in WAZ in all the age categories to below -2SDs at six months {, 3-5 years -2.218±1.46, 6-8 years -2.95.±3.10, 9-15 -2.30±1.240}. There was a significant WAZ difference between controls and selenium group at six months {F (5,12)==5.758, P=0.006}. Female children on selenium initially had a decrease and then sharp increase in WAZ (Tick Phenomenon), compared to the males who had a gradual increase in WAZ. Conclusion: It can be concluded that intake of yeast Selenium led to significant increase in weight for age Z score at six months and that there is gender related differences in weight change between HIV 1 positive female and male children on test and controls, the females showing Tick phenomenon.
| Published in | Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 7, Issue 3) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13 |
| Page(s) | 134-138 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Selenium, Children, Hormones, Pre-puberty, Weight Change, Children
| [1] | Arthur JR, Beckett GJ, (1988) Selenium deficiency and thyroid hormones metabolism. Selenium in biology and Medicine. New Yolk, NY; Springer-Verlag,; 90-5. |
| [2] | Fairweather-Tait S. J, Yongping Bao, Martin R. Broadley, Rachel Collings, Dianne Ford, John E. Hesketh, and Rachel Hurst (2011) Selenium in Human health and disease: Antioxidant and redox Signaling 14: 7, 1337-1367. |
| [3] | Burk R F, Hill K E (2011) Importance of Seleno-Protein P and Selenium Homoeostasis for maintaining Integrity And Function of The Brain and Other Tissues IN Banuelosn G, Lin ZQ Eds: SELENIU Global perspectives of Impacts on Humans, Animals and thev Environment: University Science of Science and Technology of China Press: 31. |
| [4] | Otieno S. B. Were F N, Kabiru W, (2014) Study of Selenium content of foods in high HIV prevalent Community, A case Study in Pala Bondo District Kenya (in) Banuelos, Lin (Eds) Selenium in the Environment and Human Health, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis, London 64-65, ISBN 978-1-138-00017-9. |
| [5] | Rayman M P, Alexander J Thompson, Bram Bekaert, Janet Catterick, Rachel Galassini, Emma Hall, Margaret Warren-Perry, and Geoffrey J Beckett (2008) Randomized controlled trial of the effect of selenium supplementation on thyroid function in the elderly in the United Kingdom1–American Journal of Clinical Nutrition: 87, 370-378. |
| [6] | Ventura M, Miguel Melo, Francisco Carrilho (2016); Selenium and Thyroid Disease: From Pathophysiology to Treatment: Hindawi International Journal of Endocrinology: 2017: 1-9. |
| [7] | Kohrle J (2005). Selenium and the control of Thyroid hormone metabolism. Thyroid, 15; 841-853. |
| [8] | Contempre. B, de Escobar GM, Denef J F (2004) Thyocyanate induces cell necrosis and fibrosis in selenium experimental model for myxedematous endemic cretinism in central Africa, Endocrinology, 145; 994-1002. |
| [9] | Méplan, C.; Nicol, F., Burtle, B. T., Crosley, L. K.; Arthur, J. R.; Mathers, J. C.; Hesketh, J. E (2009): Relative Abundance of Selenoprotein P Isoforms in Human Plasma Depends on Genotype, Se Intake, and Cancer Status. Antioxidants. Redox Signal. 11, 2631–2640. |
| [10] | Ekholm R, Bjorkman U (1997). Glutathione peroxidase degrades intracellular hydrogen peroxide and thereby inhibits intracellular protein iodination in thyroid epithelium. Endocrinology, 138; 2871-2878. |
| [11] | Hussain MA, Schmitz O, Jorgensen JO, Christiansen JS, Weeke J, Schmid C, Froesch ER (1996) Insulin-like growth factor I alters peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism in humans: comparison with growth hormone. European Journal of Endocrinol 134: 563–567. |
| [12] | Ravalgia G, Forti P, Maioli F, (2000). Blood micronutrient and thyroid hormone concentrations in the oldest-old. Journal of clinical endocrinology Metabolism; 85: 2260-5. |
| [13] | Zagrodzki P, Szmigiel H, Ratajczac R (2000), The role of selenium in iodine metabolism in children with goiter. Environmental health Perspectives; 108: 67-71. |
| [14] | Glatre E, Mracova A, Lener J, Vobecky M, Egertova E, Mysliveckova M (1995) Study of distribution and interraction of selenium and arsenic in rat thyroid. Biology of trace elements research; 49; 177-85. |
| [15] | Cogill U. M (1997) Cited by Harold Foster, The Distribution of Selenium and Mortality Owing to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome in Continental United States Biological Trace Element Research, 56; 43. |
| [16] | Derumeaux. H, Valeix. P, Castetbon. K, (2003) Association of selenium with thyroid volume and echostructure in 35 to 60 year old French adults. European Journal of Endocrinology, 148; 309-315. |
| [17] | Diplock. A. T. T., (1993) Indexes of Selenium Status in Human Populations. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 57: 256-258.-61. |
| [18] | Tani LSK, Nouria Dennouni-Medjati, Benoit Toubhans Laurent Charlet (2000);. Selenium Deficiency—From Soil to Thyroid Cancer; Applied Science; 10; 5368. |
| [19] | Harper. H. A., Rodwel V. W., Mayes P. A. (1977), Review of Physiological Chemistry 16th Edition, 140-141. |
| [20] | Clerk. M. L., Harvey. D. G., Humphreys. D. J., (1981) Veterinary Toxicology, Second Edition, English Language Book Society and Bellaire Tendal; 70-72. |
| [21] | De Deken X, Wang D, Dumont JE, Miot F 2002 Characterization of ThOX proteins as components of the thyroid H2O2-generating system. Experimental Cell Research 273: 187–196. |
| [22] | Caillou B, Dupuy C, Lacroix L, Nocera M, Talbot M, Ohayon R, Deme D, Bidart JM, Schlumberger M, Virion A 2001 Expression of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (ThoX, LNOX, Duox) genes and proteins I n human thyroid tissues; Journal of Clinical Endocrinol Metabolism 86: 3351–3358. |
| [23] | Berry, M. J. Insights into the hierarchy of selenium incorporation. National. Genetics. 2005, 37, 1162–1163. |
| [24] | Gibson RS (2005); Principles of Nutritional Assessment Oxford; Oxford University Press UK. |
| [25] | Whanger, PD, Ip, C, Polan, CE, Uden, PC & Wilbaum, G (2000) Tumorigenesis, metabolism, speciation, bioavailability and tissue deposition of selenium in selenium-enriched ramps (Allium tricoccum). J Agric Food Chem 48, 5723–5730. |
APA Style
Otieno Samwel Boaz, Were Fred, Kabiru Ephantus Wanjoi. (2021). Effect of Selenium on Weight Change of HIV 1 Positive Pre-puberty Treatment Naive Children: Tick Phenomenon. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 7(3), 134-138. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13
ACS Style
Otieno Samwel Boaz; Were Fred; Kabiru Ephantus Wanjoi. Effect of Selenium on Weight Change of HIV 1 Positive Pre-puberty Treatment Naive Children: Tick Phenomenon. J. Health Environ. Res. 2021, 7(3), 134-138. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13
AMA Style
Otieno Samwel Boaz, Were Fred, Kabiru Ephantus Wanjoi. Effect of Selenium on Weight Change of HIV 1 Positive Pre-puberty Treatment Naive Children: Tick Phenomenon. J Health Environ Res. 2021;7(3):134-138. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13
Share This Article
Twitter
Linked In
Facebook
Copy
Download@article{10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13,
author = {Otieno Samwel Boaz and Were Fred and Kabiru Ephantus Wanjoi},
title = {Effect of Selenium on Weight Change of HIV 1 Positive Pre-puberty Treatment Naive Children: Tick Phenomenon},
journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
volume = {7},
number = {3},
pages = {134-138},
doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20210703.13},
abstract = {Background: Seleno-proteins, Iodothyronine 5’ dehydronases (DIO) affect the function of thyroid gland. The expression of receptors of DIOs are affected by sex hormones (Oestradiol and Testosterone). The objective of this research therefore was to study differential effect of these hormones in boys and girls (Tick-Phenomenon). Methods: Fifty HIV 1 positive, treatment Naïve children, were enrolled for the study. Half 25 were given fixed dose of 50 µgm yeast selenium while the matched 25 were on control. Weight was taken at 0, 3 and 6 months. Results: Children on selenium had weight gain of 2.5Kg at six months. The weight for age Z score increased above -2SDs cut off point at six months among children on selenium, in all age categories {, 3-5 years 1.20±2.45, 6-8years 0.19±0.880, 9-15 years 0.97±1.22}. In the matched Controls there was a decrease in WAZ in all the age categories to below -2SDs at six months {, 3-5 years -2.218±1.46, 6-8 years -2.95.±3.10, 9-15 -2.30±1.240}. There was a significant WAZ difference between controls and selenium group at six months {F (5,12)==5.758, P=0.006}. Female children on selenium initially had a decrease and then sharp increase in WAZ (Tick Phenomenon), compared to the males who had a gradual increase in WAZ. Conclusion: It can be concluded that intake of yeast Selenium led to significant increase in weight for age Z score at six months and that there is gender related differences in weight change between HIV 1 positive female and male children on test and controls, the females showing Tick phenomenon.},
year = {2021}
}
TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Selenium on Weight Change of HIV 1 Positive Pre-puberty Treatment Naive Children: Tick Phenomenon
AU - Otieno Samwel Boaz
AU - Were Fred
AU - Kabiru Ephantus Wanjoi
Y1 - 2021/07/23
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13
DO - 10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13
T2 - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP - 134
EP - 138
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2472-3592
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20210703.13
AB - Background: Seleno-proteins, Iodothyronine 5’ dehydronases (DIO) affect the function of thyroid gland. The expression of receptors of DIOs are affected by sex hormones (Oestradiol and Testosterone). The objective of this research therefore was to study differential effect of these hormones in boys and girls (Tick-Phenomenon). Methods: Fifty HIV 1 positive, treatment Naïve children, were enrolled for the study. Half 25 were given fixed dose of 50 µgm yeast selenium while the matched 25 were on control. Weight was taken at 0, 3 and 6 months. Results: Children on selenium had weight gain of 2.5Kg at six months. The weight for age Z score increased above -2SDs cut off point at six months among children on selenium, in all age categories {, 3-5 years 1.20±2.45, 6-8years 0.19±0.880, 9-15 years 0.97±1.22}. In the matched Controls there was a decrease in WAZ in all the age categories to below -2SDs at six months {, 3-5 years -2.218±1.46, 6-8 years -2.95.±3.10, 9-15 -2.30±1.240}. There was a significant WAZ difference between controls and selenium group at six months {F (5,12)==5.758, P=0.006}. Female children on selenium initially had a decrease and then sharp increase in WAZ (Tick Phenomenon), compared to the males who had a gradual increase in WAZ. Conclusion: It can be concluded that intake of yeast Selenium led to significant increase in weight for age Z score at six months and that there is gender related differences in weight change between HIV 1 positive female and male children on test and controls, the females showing Tick phenomenon.
VL - 7
IS - 3
ER -
Information
Email: