Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu; Dewi Sutriani Mahalini; I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba

doi:doi:10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17

| Peer-Reviewed

Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu, Dewi Sutriani Mahalini, I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba

Published in Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience (Volume 5, Issue 3)

Received: 19 August 2021 Accepted: 2 September 2021 Published: 27 September 2021

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Salmonella meningitis is a rare infection, unusual manifestation of salmonellosis and mostly among infants and young children. Meningitis due to Salmonella carries a higher morbidity and mortality than that caused by other bacteria. Salmonella is more commonly found in contaminated food and is included in gram-negative rods. The diagnosis is made based on the findings of Salmonella bacteria on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Salmonella meningitis therapy requires antimicroba that are able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and minimum treatment for at least 4 weeks to prevent death, recurrence and permanent adverse outcomes. Early diagnose of acute complications and a follow-up plans for early assessment of development are very important. Among survivors, common complications are seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural empyemas and permanent disabilities suc as retardation, paresis, athetosis and visual disturbances. We present a 3 months-old male with main complain seizure, fever, and bulging of fontanelle. Neurological examination found no abnormalities, no meningeal sign, physiologic reflex was normal and no sign of lateralization. Complete blood count found with normal leukocytes and mild anemia hypochromic microcytic. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed positive Pandy and None tests, high cell count, low glucose level, high protein level. The results of CSF culture and blood culture found Salmonella sp. Head CT scan reveals subchronic subdural hygroma with brachycephaly. Patient treated with third generation of cephalosporins (ceftriaxone) for 4 weeks. Prompt use of targeted antibiotics with adequate dosage and duration plays a significant role on prognosis. Patient discharge form hospital with no sign of sequele and good prognosis.

Published in	Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience (Volume 5, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17
Page(s)	68-71
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Salmonella Meningitis, Gram Negative Bacterial, Brachycephaly, Hygroma Subdural, Infants

References

[1]	Saharso D, Pusponegoro HD, Mangunatmadja I, Handyastuti S, Widodo DP, Erny. Meningitis bakterialis. In: Pudjiadi AH, Hegar B, Handryastuti S, Idris NS, Gandaputra EP, Harmoniati ED, editors. Pedoman pelayanan medis Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia. 1st ed. Jakarta: Badan penerbit IDAI; 2010. p. 189-92.
[2]	Saharso D, Hidayati SN. Meningitis bakterialis. In: Soetomenggolo TS, Ismael S, editors. Buku Ajar Neurologi Anak. 1^st ed. Jakarta: Badan Penerbit IDAI; 1999. p. 339-52.
[3]	Wu HM, Huang WY, Lee ML, et al. Clinical features, acute complications, and outcome of Salmonella meningitis in children under one year of age in Taiwan. BMC Infectious Disease. 2011; 11 (30); 1-7.
[4]	Owusu-Ofuri A and Scheld WM. Treatment of Salmonella meningitis: two case reports and a review of the literature. International Journal Infectious Diseases. 2003; 7: 53-60.
[5]	Weatherhead JE, Revell P, and Munoz FM. Salmonella meningitis in children at Texas Children’s Hospital. Journal of Pediatric Infectious Disease. 2012; 7 (2012): 9-14.
[6]	Price EH, Workman MR, and de Louvois J. Antibiotics for Salmonella meningitis in children. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 2000; 46: 653–655.
[7]	Cohn AC, Schmidt M, Arnold KE, MacNeil JR, Baumbach J, Craig AS, Theodore J, et al. Changes in Neisseria meningitidis disease epidemiology in the United States, 1998±2007: implications for prevention of meningococcal disease. Clinical infectious diseases: an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. 2010; 50 (2): 184±91.
[8]	Tunkel AR, Hartman BJ, Kaplan SL, Kaufman BA, Ross KL, Scheld WM, et al. Practice guielines for the management of bacterial meningitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2004; 39: 1269-84.
[9]	Nwadike VU, Fowotade A, Tuta KE, Olusanya OO. A rare case of salmonella typhi meningitis in an eleven month old infant: a case report. Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine. 2012; 10 (1): 38-39.
[10]	Alkindi N, Khan JM, Almasri N. Salmonella Meningitis. American Journal Clinical Microbiology Antimicrobials. 2021; 4 (1): 1049.
[11]	Ana De Malet, Sheila Ingerto, Israel Gañán, "Meningitis Caused by Salmonella Newport in a Five-Year-Old Child", Case Reports in Infectious Diseases. 2016. Article ID 2145805.
[12]	Elsawy AM et al. Salmonella typhi Meningitis in an Infant: A Case Report. Egyptian Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2018; 27 (3): 93-96.
[13]	Swanson D. Meningitis. Pediatrics in review. 2015; 36: 514-26.
[14]	Rowland TL, McHugh SM, Deighton J, Dearman RJ, Ewan PW, Kimber I. Differential regulation by thalidomide and dexamethasone of cytokine expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Immunopharmacology. 1998 Jul; 40 (1): 11-20.
[15]	Adhikary R, Joshi S, Ramakrishnan M. Salmonella typhimurium meningitis in infancy. Indian J Crit Care Med. 2013; 17 (6): 392-393. doi: 10.4103/0972-5229.123464.
[16]	Rowe SY, Daily PJ, Slutsker L, Kassenborg HD, Hardnett FP, Daily PJ, et al. Breast-feeding decreases the risk of sporadic salmonellosis among infants in FoodNet sites. Clinical Infectious Disease. 2004; 38 (Suppl 3): S262-70.
[17]	Fomda BA, Naik MI, Charoo BA, Reyaz N, Bhat JA, Maroof P. Recurrent meningitis due to Salmonella enteritidis: A case report from Kashmir India. Indian Journal Medical Microbiology. 2012; 30 (4): 474-6.
[18]	Zhao J, Hua C, Zhou M, Wang H, Xie Y, Wang G. A case report of Salmonella meningitis in three Chinese children and a literature review. Res Square. 2020; 1 (1): 63494.
[19]	Barrios P, Badía F, Misa V, Mota MI, Martinez A, Mariño H, Algorta G, Prego J, Pírez MC. A five-year experience with zoonotic Salmonella at a pediatric reference centre. Revista Chilena de Infectologia: Organo Oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia. 2017; 34 (4): 359-64.
[20]	Alkindi N, Almasri N, Khan J. Salmonella Meningitis. American Journal of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials. 2021; 4 (1): 1049.
[21]	Kiymet E, Bayram N, Devrim L, et al. A 30-day old Infant with Meningitis Due To Salmonella Enteriditis: A Case Report. J Pediatrs Inf. 2020; 14 (2); e76-e78.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu, Dewi Sutriani Mahalini, I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba. (2021). Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children. Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience, 5(3), 68-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu; Dewi Sutriani Mahalini; I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba. Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children. Clin. Neurol. Neurosci. 2021, 5(3), 68-71. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu, Dewi Sutriani Mahalini, I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba. Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children. Clin Neurol Neurosci. 2021;5(3):68-71. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17,
  author = {Meidry Tinasia Teslatu and Dewi Sutriani Mahalini and I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba},
  title = {Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children},
  journal = {Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {68-71},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cnn.20210503.17},
  abstract = {Salmonella meningitis is a rare infection, unusual manifestation of salmonellosis and mostly among infants and young children. Meningitis due to Salmonella carries a higher morbidity and mortality than that caused by other bacteria. Salmonella is more commonly found in contaminated food and is included in gram-negative rods. The diagnosis is made based on the findings of Salmonella bacteria on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Salmonella meningitis therapy requires antimicroba that are able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and minimum treatment for at least 4 weeks to prevent death, recurrence and permanent adverse outcomes. Early diagnose of acute complications and a follow-up plans for early assessment of development are very important. Among survivors, common complications are seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural empyemas and permanent disabilities suc as retardation, paresis, athetosis and visual disturbances. We present a 3 months-old male with main complain seizure, fever, and bulging of fontanelle. Neurological examination found no abnormalities, no meningeal sign, physiologic reflex was normal and no sign of lateralization. Complete blood count found with normal leukocytes and mild anemia hypochromic microcytic. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed positive Pandy and None tests, high cell count, low glucose level, high protein level. The results of CSF culture and blood culture found Salmonella sp. Head CT scan reveals subchronic subdural hygroma with brachycephaly. Patient treated with third generation of cephalosporins (ceftriaxone) for 4 weeks. Prompt use of targeted antibiotics with adequate dosage and duration plays a significant role on prognosis. Patient discharge form hospital with no sign of sequele and good prognosis.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download

TY - JOUR
T1 - Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children
AU - Meidry Tinasia Teslatu
AU - Dewi Sutriani Mahalini
AU - I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba
Y1 - 2021/09/27
PY - 2021
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17
DO - 10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17
T2 - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
JF - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
JO - Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience
SP - 68
EP - 71
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2578-8930
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17
AB - Salmonella meningitis is a rare infection, unusual manifestation of salmonellosis and mostly among infants and young children. Meningitis due to Salmonella carries a higher morbidity and mortality than that caused by other bacteria. Salmonella is more commonly found in contaminated food and is included in gram-negative rods. The diagnosis is made based on the findings of Salmonella bacteria on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Salmonella meningitis therapy requires antimicroba that are able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and minimum treatment for at least 4 weeks to prevent death, recurrence and permanent adverse outcomes. Early diagnose of acute complications and a follow-up plans for early assessment of development are very important. Among survivors, common complications are seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural empyemas and permanent disabilities suc as retardation, paresis, athetosis and visual disturbances. We present a 3 months-old male with main complain seizure, fever, and bulging of fontanelle. Neurological examination found no abnormalities, no meningeal sign, physiologic reflex was normal and no sign of lateralization. Complete blood count found with normal leukocytes and mild anemia hypochromic microcytic. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed positive Pandy and None tests, high cell count, low glucose level, high protein level. The results of CSF culture and blood culture found Salmonella sp. Head CT scan reveals subchronic subdural hygroma with brachycephaly. Patient treated with third generation of cephalosporins (ceftriaxone) for 4 weeks. Prompt use of targeted antibiotics with adequate dosage and duration plays a significant role on prognosis. Patient discharge form hospital with no sign of sequele and good prognosis.
VL - 5
IS - 3
ER -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu

Sanglah Hospital-Department of Pediatrics, Udayana University, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia
Dewi Sutriani Mahalini

Sanglah Hospital-Department of Pediatrics, Udayana University, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia
I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba

Sanglah Hospital-Department of Pediatrics, Udayana University, Denpasar-Bali, Indonesia

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu, Dewi Sutriani Mahalini, I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba. (2021). Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children. Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience, 5(3), 68-71. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu; Dewi Sutriani Mahalini; I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba. Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children. Clin. Neurol. Neurosci. 2021, 5(3), 68-71. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Meidry Tinasia Teslatu, Dewi Sutriani Mahalini, I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba. Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children. Clin Neurol Neurosci. 2021;5(3):68-71. doi: 10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17,
  author = {Meidry Tinasia Teslatu and Dewi Sutriani Mahalini and I Gusti Ngurah Made Suwarba},
  title = {Report of Salmonella Meningitis in 3-Month-Old Children},
  journal = {Clinical Neurology and Neuroscience},
  volume = {5},
  number = {3},
  pages = {68-71},
  doi = {10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cnn.20210503.17},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cnn.20210503.17},
  abstract = {Salmonella meningitis is a rare infection, unusual manifestation of salmonellosis and mostly among infants and young children. Meningitis due to Salmonella carries a higher morbidity and mortality than that caused by other bacteria. Salmonella is more commonly found in contaminated food and is included in gram-negative rods. The diagnosis is made based on the findings of Salmonella bacteria on cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Salmonella meningitis therapy requires antimicroba that are able to penetrate the blood brain barrier and minimum treatment for at least 4 weeks to prevent death, recurrence and permanent adverse outcomes. Early diagnose of acute complications and a follow-up plans for early assessment of development are very important. Among survivors, common complications are seizure, hydrocephalus, subdural empyemas and permanent disabilities suc as retardation, paresis, athetosis and visual disturbances. We present a 3 months-old male with main complain seizure, fever, and bulging of fontanelle. Neurological examination found no abnormalities, no meningeal sign, physiologic reflex was normal and no sign of lateralization. Complete blood count found with normal leukocytes and mild anemia hypochromic microcytic. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis showed positive Pandy and None tests, high cell count, low glucose level, high protein level. The results of CSF culture and blood culture found Salmonella sp. Head CT scan reveals subchronic subdural hygroma with brachycephaly. Patient treated with third generation of cephalosporins (ceftriaxone) for 4 weeks. Prompt use of targeted antibiotics with adequate dosage and duration plays a significant role on prognosis. Patient discharge form hospital with no sign of sequele and good prognosis.},
 year = {2021}
}

Copy | Download