Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19

Faida Losa; Timothy Mavanga Mabaya; Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba; Michael Tambwe Ngoyi; Floribert Balazirhe; Margaret Borive; Didi Mana Kialengila; Jeremiah Mbinze Kindenge

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11

Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19

Faida Losa, Timothy Mavanga Mabaya, Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba, Michael Tambwe Ngoyi, Floribert Balazirhe, Margaret Borive, Didi Mana Kialengila, Jeremiah Mbinze Kindenge

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 5)

Received: 9 July 2020 Accepted: 11 August 2020 Published: 31 August 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease manifested by fever, rate and difficulty in breathing that can lead to death. This pandemic has just paralyzed the world, causing more deaths amongst vulnerable people such as the elderly and people with immune problems. Several therapeutic agents are being tested for the treatment of Covid-19. The combination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol is identified as a promising therapeutic candidate for Covid-19. To ensure the success of this therapy, medicines of high quality play a key role. Unfortunately, we are not totally spared from trafficking of poor quality pharmaceutical products. As a contribution to try solving this challenge, a convenient, rapid and simple Thin Layer Chromatography method (TLC), which permits the simultaneous determination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and paracetamol has been developed. The Chromatographic separation was achieved on 60 F silica gel plate using a mixture of methanol-25% ammonia (100:1.5, v/v). Iodine vapor and ultraviolet light at 254 nm were used for the visualization of the spots. The developed method was successfully applied to determine Chloroquine in 23 samples supposed to contain Chloroquine marketed in DRC. The results showed that 50% of the samples analyzed were non-compliant and should probably contain paracetamol instead of Chloroquine. It suggested that the optimized method could be used for routine quality assessment of Chloroquine, Azithromycin or Paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. Since counterfeiting of medicines continues to be a real problem in developing countries as demonstrated by this result, the development of simple and convenient analytical method that allowed the rapid analysis of medicines used in Covid-19 therapy is more than urgent.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 8, Issue 5)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11
Page(s)	126-130
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Thin Layer Chromatography, Simultaneous Detection, Counterfeit Tablets, Covid-19

References

[1]	Labidi, A. H., Un nouveau protocole pour un traitement potentiel des infections dues à Covid-19, 2020 (3), https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/dzhsy.
[2]	Labidi, A. H., Un Nouveau Protocole Pour Un Traitement Potentiel Des Infections Dues À Covid-19.” OSF Preprints, 2020, 3.
[3]	Rolain JM, Colson P, Raoult D. Recycling of chloroquine and its hydroxyl analogue to face bacterial, fungal and viral infections in the 21st century. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2007, 30, pp297-308.
[4]	OMS, « Nouveau coronavirus (COVID-19): conseils au grand public » [archive], sur who.int/fr/ (consulté le 8 Avril 2020).
[5]	China’s first confirmed Covid-19 case traced back to November 17» [archive], sur South China Morning Post, 13 mars 2020 (consulté le 8 Avril 2020).
[6]	Brice Louvet, «Plusieurs dizaines de personnes frappées par un virus non identifié en Chine» [archive], sur SciencePost, 7 janvier 2020.
[7]	Poissy J., Goutay J., Caplan M., Parmentier E., Duburcq T., Lassalle F.,, Jeanpierre E., Rauch A., Labreuche J. and Susen S., Pulmonary Embolism in Patients With COVID-19, Awareness of an Increased Prevalence, American Heart Association, 2020, 142, pp 184-186.
[8]	Mehta P., McAuley D., Brown M., Sanchez E., Tattersall R. S., Manson J., COVID-19: consider cytokine storm syndromes and immunosuppression, Lancet., 2020, 28, pp 1033–1034.
[9]	Lepira B. F., Mayamba Nlandu Y. Risassy Makulo J. R,. Kevaani, Lepira R, Kuezina Tonduangu D., Laniet Mangalaboyi J., Lenteur de propagation de la COVID-19 en Afrique subsaharienne: réalité ou sommet de l’iceberg ? Cas de la République Démocratique du Congo, Annales Africaines de Médecine, 2020, 13, pp 20-24.
[10]	T. Rubin D., D. Feuerstein J., Wang A. Y., Cohen R. D., AGA Clinical Practice Update on Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Expert Commentary, Gastroenterology, 2020, 159, pp 350-357.
[11]	Antunes Brito C., Gerardo Paiva J., Nunes Pimentel F., Santos Guimarães R., Ribeiro Moreira M, COVID-19 in patients with rheumatological diseases treated with anti-TNF, Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 2020, 1, pp 1-5.
[12]	OMS, alerte produit médical N°4/2020: clhoroquine, falsififiée circulant dans la région Afrique de l’OMS, Avril, 2020.
[13]	Clarke’s Analysis of Drugs and Poisons, 2006.
[14]	Hubert Ph., Nguyen-Huu J. J., Boulanger B., Chapuzet E., Cohen N., Compagnon P. A., Dewé W., Feinberg M., Laurentie M., Mercier N., Muzard G., Valat L., Rozet E., Harmonization of strategies for the validation of quantitative analytical procedures: A SFSTP proposal-Part III, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2007, 45, pp 82-96.
[15]	Hubert Ph., Nguyen-Huu J. J., Boulanger B., Chapuzet E., Chiap P., Cohen N., Compagnon P. A., Dewe W., Feinberg M., Lallier M., Laurentie M., Mercier N., Muzard G., Nivet C., Valat L., Validation des procédures analytiques quantitatives Harmonisation des démarches, STP Pharma Pratiques, Anal 2003, 13, pp101-138.
[16]	Hubert Ph., Nguyen-Huu J. J., Boulanger B., Chapuzet E., Cohen N., Compagnon P.-A., Dewé W., Feinberg M., Laurentie M., Mercier N., Muzard G., Valat L., Rozet E., Harmonization of stratégies for the validation of quantitative analytical procédures: A SFSTP proposal: Part IV. Examples of application, J. Pharm. Biomed. Anal., 2008, 48, pp 760-771.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Faida Losa, Timothy Mavanga Mabaya, Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba, Michael Tambwe Ngoyi, Floribert Balazirhe, et al. (2020). Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 8(5), 126-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Faida Losa; Timothy Mavanga Mabaya; Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba; Michael Tambwe Ngoyi; Floribert Balazirhe, et al. Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2020, 8(5), 126-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Faida Losa, Timothy Mavanga Mabaya, Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba, Michael Tambwe Ngoyi, Floribert Balazirhe, et al. Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2020;8(5):126-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11,
  author = {Faida Losa and Timothy Mavanga Mabaya and Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba and Michael Tambwe Ngoyi and Floribert Balazirhe and Margaret Borive and Didi Mana Kialengila and Jeremiah Mbinze Kindenge},
  title = {Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {126-130},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20200805.11},
  abstract = {Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease manifested by fever, rate and difficulty in breathing that can lead to death. This pandemic has just paralyzed the world, causing more deaths amongst vulnerable people such as the elderly and people with immune problems. Several therapeutic agents are being tested for the treatment of Covid-19. The combination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol is identified as a promising therapeutic candidate for Covid-19. To ensure the success of this therapy, medicines of high quality play a key role. Unfortunately, we are not totally spared from trafficking of poor quality pharmaceutical products. As a contribution to try solving this challenge, a convenient, rapid and simple Thin Layer Chromatography method (TLC), which permits the simultaneous determination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and paracetamol has been developed. The Chromatographic separation was achieved on 60 F silica gel plate using a mixture of methanol-25% ammonia (100:1.5, v/v). Iodine vapor and ultraviolet light at 254 nm were used for the visualization of the spots. The developed method was successfully applied to determine Chloroquine in 23 samples supposed to contain Chloroquine marketed in DRC. The results showed that 50% of the samples analyzed were non-compliant and should probably contain paracetamol instead of Chloroquine. It suggested that the optimized method could be used for routine quality assessment of Chloroquine, Azithromycin or Paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. Since counterfeiting of medicines continues to be a real problem in developing countries as demonstrated by this result, the development of simple and convenient analytical method that allowed the rapid analysis of medicines used in Covid-19 therapy is more than urgent.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19
AU  - Faida Losa
AU  - Timothy Mavanga Mabaya
AU  - Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba
AU  - Michael Tambwe Ngoyi
AU  - Floribert Balazirhe
AU  - Margaret Borive
AU  - Didi Mana Kialengila
AU  - Jeremiah Mbinze Kindenge
Y1  - 2020/08/31
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 126
EP  - 130
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11
AB  - Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease manifested by fever, rate and difficulty in breathing that can lead to death. This pandemic has just paralyzed the world, causing more deaths amongst vulnerable people such as the elderly and people with immune problems. Several therapeutic agents are being tested for the treatment of Covid-19. The combination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol is identified as a promising therapeutic candidate for Covid-19. To ensure the success of this therapy, medicines of high quality play a key role. Unfortunately, we are not totally spared from trafficking of poor quality pharmaceutical products. As a contribution to try solving this challenge, a convenient, rapid and simple Thin Layer Chromatography method (TLC), which permits the simultaneous determination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and paracetamol has been developed. The Chromatographic separation was achieved on 60 F silica gel plate using a mixture of methanol-25% ammonia (100:1.5, v/v). Iodine vapor and ultraviolet light at 254 nm were used for the visualization of the spots. The developed method was successfully applied to determine Chloroquine in 23 samples supposed to contain Chloroquine marketed in DRC. The results showed that 50% of the samples analyzed were non-compliant and should probably contain paracetamol instead of Chloroquine. It suggested that the optimized method could be used for routine quality assessment of Chloroquine, Azithromycin or Paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. Since counterfeiting of medicines continues to be a real problem in developing countries as demonstrated by this result, the development of simple and convenient analytical method that allowed the rapid analysis of medicines used in Covid-19 therapy is more than urgent.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Faida Losa

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
Timothy Mavanga Mabaya

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Michael Tambwe Ngoyi

National Laboratory for Quality Control of Medicines, Public Health Ministry, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Floribert Balazirhe

National Laboratory for Quality Control of Medicines, Public Health Ministry, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Margaret Borive

Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kisangani, Kisangani, Democratic Republic of Congo
Didi Mana Kialengila

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo
Jeremiah Mbinze Kindenge

Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Faida Losa, Timothy Mavanga Mabaya, Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba, Michael Tambwe Ngoyi, Floribert Balazirhe, et al. (2020). Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 8(5), 126-130. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Faida Losa; Timothy Mavanga Mabaya; Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba; Michael Tambwe Ngoyi; Floribert Balazirhe, et al. Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2020, 8(5), 126-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Faida Losa, Timothy Mavanga Mabaya, Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba, Michael Tambwe Ngoyi, Floribert Balazirhe, et al. Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2020;8(5):126-130. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11,
  author = {Faida Losa and Timothy Mavanga Mabaya and Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba and Michael Tambwe Ngoyi and Floribert Balazirhe and Margaret Borive and Didi Mana Kialengila and Jeremiah Mbinze Kindenge},
  title = {Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {8},
  number = {5},
  pages = {126-130},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20200805.11},
  abstract = {Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease manifested by fever, rate and difficulty in breathing that can lead to death. This pandemic has just paralyzed the world, causing more deaths amongst vulnerable people such as the elderly and people with immune problems. Several therapeutic agents are being tested for the treatment of Covid-19. The combination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol is identified as a promising therapeutic candidate for Covid-19. To ensure the success of this therapy, medicines of high quality play a key role. Unfortunately, we are not totally spared from trafficking of poor quality pharmaceutical products. As a contribution to try solving this challenge, a convenient, rapid and simple Thin Layer Chromatography method (TLC), which permits the simultaneous determination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and paracetamol has been developed. The Chromatographic separation was achieved on 60 F silica gel plate using a mixture of methanol-25% ammonia (100:1.5, v/v). Iodine vapor and ultraviolet light at 254 nm were used for the visualization of the spots. The developed method was successfully applied to determine Chloroquine in 23 samples supposed to contain Chloroquine marketed in DRC. The results showed that 50% of the samples analyzed were non-compliant and should probably contain paracetamol instead of Chloroquine. It suggested that the optimized method could be used for routine quality assessment of Chloroquine, Azithromycin or Paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. Since counterfeiting of medicines continues to be a real problem in developing countries as demonstrated by this result, the development of simple and convenient analytical method that allowed the rapid analysis of medicines used in Covid-19 therapy is more than urgent.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Development of a Thin Layer Chromatography Method for Simultaneous Detection of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol in Counterfeit Tablets Used Against Covid-19
AU  - Faida Losa
AU  - Timothy Mavanga Mabaya
AU  - Jocelyn Mankulu Kakumba
AU  - Michael Tambwe Ngoyi
AU  - Floribert Balazirhe
AU  - Margaret Borive
AU  - Didi Mana Kialengila
AU  - Jeremiah Mbinze Kindenge
Y1  - 2020/08/31
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11
T2  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO  - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP  - 126
EP  - 130
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-880X
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20200805.11
AB  - Corona Virus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an infectious disease manifested by fever, rate and difficulty in breathing that can lead to death. This pandemic has just paralyzed the world, causing more deaths amongst vulnerable people such as the elderly and people with immune problems. Several therapeutic agents are being tested for the treatment of Covid-19. The combination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and Paracetamol is identified as a promising therapeutic candidate for Covid-19. To ensure the success of this therapy, medicines of high quality play a key role. Unfortunately, we are not totally spared from trafficking of poor quality pharmaceutical products. As a contribution to try solving this challenge, a convenient, rapid and simple Thin Layer Chromatography method (TLC), which permits the simultaneous determination of Chloroquine, Azithromycin and paracetamol has been developed. The Chromatographic separation was achieved on 60 F silica gel plate using a mixture of methanol-25% ammonia (100:1.5, v/v). Iodine vapor and ultraviolet light at 254 nm were used for the visualization of the spots. The developed method was successfully applied to determine Chloroquine in 23 samples supposed to contain Chloroquine marketed in DRC. The results showed that 50% of the samples analyzed were non-compliant and should probably contain paracetamol instead of Chloroquine. It suggested that the optimized method could be used for routine quality assessment of Chloroquine, Azithromycin or Paracetamol in pharmaceutical preparations. Since counterfeiting of medicines continues to be a real problem in developing countries as demonstrated by this result, the development of simple and convenient analytical method that allowed the rapid analysis of medicines used in Covid-19 therapy is more than urgent.
VL  - 8
IS  - 5
ER  -

Copy | Download