Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Edna Kurgat; Doaa Ghareeb

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15

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Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

Edna Kurgat, Doaa Ghareeb

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 6)

Received: 20 September 2019 Accepted: 6 November 2019 Published: 2 December 2019

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Abstract

As total life expectancy increases, the prevalence of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s is also increasing. Many hypotheses about Alzheimer’s disease have been developed, including cholinergic neuron damage. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the brain and cholinergic deficits leads to cognitive dysfunction and decline. Despite decades of research and advances in our understanding of its aetiology and pathogenesis, current pharmacotherapeutic options for AD are still very limited and represent an area of need that is currently unmet. In abnormal activation of AChE, acetylcholine will degrade rapidly, especially in the brain and this is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been shown that theraphy with essential oils from medicinal plants can improve cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Eugenol from these essential oils is reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, both in vitro and in vivo. This paper is set to Determine inhibitory/stimulatory effect of tested extracts on acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. The sampled out plant extracts include Thymus vulgaris, Berberis vulgaris and Calluna vulgaris with which inhibition or activation by different chemical catalysts is performed to establish their effects in the tested natural extracts. Experimental design is used where the reagents are determined and chemical reactions performed in the procedures as outlined in the methodology section. The results of the cholinergic/ anti-cholinergic effect of tested natural extracts are then recorded. This study reflects that most of the extracts inhibited AChE activity with berberis vulgaris showing highest inhibitory effect.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 7, Issue 6)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15
Page(s)	155-158
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Alzheimer’s Disease (AD), Acetylcholine (ACh), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE, Essential Oils (Eos)

References

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[2]	K. Wollen, A. Alzheimer's disease: the pros and cons of pharmaceutical, nutritional, botanical, and stimulatory therapies, with a discussion of treatment strategies from the perspective of patients and practitioners. Altern. Med. Rev. 2010; 15 (3): 223–24.
[3]	D .Ghareeb, Newaairy A, El-rashidy F, Hussein H, Ali A (2010). Efficacy of natural extracts of Ginko biloba and Berberry and synthrtic derivative of genistein as acethylcholinestarase inhibitors, comparative study with Aricept effect. J. Biochem. Biotechnol. 1: 15-20.
[4]	K. Yoo, Hwang IK, Lim BO, Kang TC, Kim D W.et al (2006). Berberry Extract Reduces Neuronal Damage and N-Methyl-D-aspartate Receptor 1 Immuno reactivity in the Gerbil hippocampus after Transient Fore brain Ischemia. Biol. Pharm. Bull. 29 (4): 623-628.
[5]	S. Dandle, Miguel MG, Duarte J, Faleiro ML, Sousa MJ, Lima AS, FigueiredoAC, Barroso JG, Pedro LG (2011).Acetyl cholinesterase inhibition activity of Portuguese Thymus species essential oils. J. Essent. Oil Bear. Pl., 14: 140-150.
[6]	M. Asai. NI wata, A. Yoshikawa.,Y. Aizaki, S. Ishiura, T. Saido and Maruyama, K. (2007) Berberine alters the processing of Alzheimer’s amyloid precursor 152 protein to decrease Abeta secretion. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 352 (2) 498-502.
[7]	P. Williams, Sorribas A, Howes MJ. Natural Products as a source of Alzheimer’s drugs leads. Nat. Prod. Rep. . 2011; 28: 48–77.
[8]	G. Ellman .,Courtney K.D., Andres VJr, Featherstone R.M. A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity. Biochem. Pharmacol. 1961; 7: 88–95.
[9]	Houghton PJ, Y Ren, MJ Howes. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants and fungi. Nat. Prod. Rep. 23 (2006): 181-199. 13.
[10]	Williams P, A Sorribas, MJ Howes. Natural Products as a source of Alzheimer’s drugs leads. Nat. Prod. Rep. 28 (2011): 48-77. 14.
[11]	Mukherjee PK, V Kumar, M Mal, PJ Houghton. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from plants. Phytomedicine 14 (2007): 289-300. 15.
[12]	Orhan G, I Orhan, N Subutay-Oztekin, F Ak, B Sener. Contemporary anticholinesterase pharmaceuticals of natural origin and their synthetic analogues for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Recent. Pat. CNS Drug. Discov. 4 (2009): 43-51.
[13]	Rounsaville TJ, Ranney TG. Ploidy levels and genome sizes of Berberis L. and Mahonia nutt. species, hybrids, and cultivars. Hortscience. 2010; 45: 1029–33.
[14]	Tomosaka H, Chin YW, Salim AA, Keller WJ, Chai H, Kinghorn AD. Antioxidant and cytoprotective compounds from Berberis vulgaris (Barberry) Phytother Res. 2008; 22: 979–81.
[15]	Saied S, Begum S. Phytochemical studies of Berberis vulgaris. Chem Nat Compd. 2004; 40: 137–40.

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Edna Kurgat, Doaa Ghareeb. (2019). Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 7(6), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15

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ACS Style

Edna Kurgat; Doaa Ghareeb. Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2019, 7(6), 155-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15

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AMA Style

Edna Kurgat, Doaa Ghareeb. Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2019;7(6):155-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15,
  author = {Edna Kurgat and Doaa Ghareeb},
  title = {Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {155-158},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20190706.15},
  abstract = {As total life expectancy increases, the prevalence of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s is also increasing. Many hypotheses about Alzheimer’s disease have been developed, including cholinergic neuron damage. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the brain and cholinergic deficits leads to cognitive dysfunction and decline. Despite decades of research and advances in our understanding of its aetiology and pathogenesis, current pharmacotherapeutic options for AD are still very limited and represent an area of need that is currently unmet. In abnormal activation of AChE, acetylcholine will degrade rapidly, especially in the brain and this is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been shown that theraphy with essential oils from medicinal plants can improve cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Eugenol from these essential oils is reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, both in vitro and in vivo. This paper is set to Determine inhibitory/stimulatory effect of tested extracts on acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. The sampled out plant extracts include Thymus vulgaris, Berberis vulgaris and Calluna vulgaris with which inhibition or activation by different chemical catalysts is performed to establish their effects in the tested natural extracts. Experimental design is used where the reagents are determined and chemical reactions performed in the procedures as outlined in the methodology section. The results of the cholinergic/ anti-cholinergic effect of tested natural extracts are then recorded. This study reflects that most of the extracts inhibited AChE activity with berberis vulgaris showing highest inhibitory effect.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors
AU - Edna Kurgat
AU - Doaa Ghareeb
Y1 - 2019/12/02
PY - 2019
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 155
EP - 158
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15
AB - As total life expectancy increases, the prevalence of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s is also increasing. Many hypotheses about Alzheimer’s disease have been developed, including cholinergic neuron damage. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the brain and cholinergic deficits leads to cognitive dysfunction and decline. Despite decades of research and advances in our understanding of its aetiology and pathogenesis, current pharmacotherapeutic options for AD are still very limited and represent an area of need that is currently unmet. In abnormal activation of AChE, acetylcholine will degrade rapidly, especially in the brain and this is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been shown that theraphy with essential oils from medicinal plants can improve cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Eugenol from these essential oils is reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, both in vitro and in vivo. This paper is set to Determine inhibitory/stimulatory effect of tested extracts on acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. The sampled out plant extracts include Thymus vulgaris, Berberis vulgaris and Calluna vulgaris with which inhibition or activation by different chemical catalysts is performed to establish their effects in the tested natural extracts. Experimental design is used where the reagents are determined and chemical reactions performed in the procedures as outlined in the methodology section. The results of the cholinergic/ anti-cholinergic effect of tested natural extracts are then recorded. This study reflects that most of the extracts inhibited AChE activity with berberis vulgaris showing highest inhibitory effect.
VL - 7
IS - 6
ER -

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Author Information

Edna Kurgat

Department Public Health, South Eastern Kenya University, Nairobi, Kenya
Doaa Ghareeb

Department Public Health, South Eastern Kenya University, Nairobi, Kenya

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APA Style

Edna Kurgat, Doaa Ghareeb. (2019). Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 7(6), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15

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ACS Style

Edna Kurgat; Doaa Ghareeb. Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2019, 7(6), 155-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15

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AMA Style

Edna Kurgat, Doaa Ghareeb. Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2019;7(6):155-158. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15,
  author = {Edna Kurgat and Doaa Ghareeb},
  title = {Bioactive Compounds and Essential Oils as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {7},
  number = {6},
  pages = {155-158},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20190706.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20190706.15},
  abstract = {As total life expectancy increases, the prevalence of age-related diseases such as Alzheimer’s is also increasing. Many hypotheses about Alzheimer’s disease have been developed, including cholinergic neuron damage. Acetylcholine is a major neurotransmitter in the brain and cholinergic deficits leads to cognitive dysfunction and decline. Despite decades of research and advances in our understanding of its aetiology and pathogenesis, current pharmacotherapeutic options for AD are still very limited and represent an area of need that is currently unmet. In abnormal activation of AChE, acetylcholine will degrade rapidly, especially in the brain and this is associated with Alzheimer’s disease (AD). It has been shown that theraphy with essential oils from medicinal plants can improve cognitive performance in Alzheimer’s disease patients. Eugenol from these essential oils is reported to inhibit acetylcholinesterase, both in vitro and in vivo. This paper is set to Determine inhibitory/stimulatory effect of tested extracts on acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity. The sampled out plant extracts include Thymus vulgaris, Berberis vulgaris and Calluna vulgaris with which inhibition or activation by different chemical catalysts is performed to establish their effects in the tested natural extracts. Experimental design is used where the reagents are determined and chemical reactions performed in the procedures as outlined in the methodology section. The results of the cholinergic/ anti-cholinergic effect of tested natural extracts are then recorded. This study reflects that most of the extracts inhibited AChE activity with berberis vulgaris showing highest inhibitory effect.},
 year = {2019}
}

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