Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana

Charles Brown; Benedicta Awisi; Harry Asmah; Batholomew Dzudzor; Anita Ghansah

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

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Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana

Charles Brown, Benedicta Awisi, Harry Asmah, Batholomew Dzudzor, Anita Ghansah

Published in American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 4)

Received: 1 December 2013 Accepted: Published: 20 January 2014

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Abstract

Polymorphism of the haptoglobin (Hp) gene, characterized by alleles Hp1 and Hp2, gives rise to structurally and functionally distinct Hp protein phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. The corresponding proteins have structural and functional differences that have influence on a particular disease. For example, Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. In urban Ghana, type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects at least 6% of adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between Hp genotype polymorphism in T2DM patients in Accra. The study was a case control one. A total of 100 participants, 50 T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) and 50 healthy non-diabetic controls, were involved. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the glucose-oxidase method. Fasting blood glucose was performed on all subjects except for the individuals with a history of T2DM. Hp genotype was determined by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR produced Hp genotype-specific bands for the Hp1F, Hp1S, and Hp2 alleles. Statistical analyses revealed a signiﬁcant difference in the Hp genotype distribution between diabetics and non-diabetics (2 = 7.84, df = 2, p = 0.0198). Hp1-1 was the most frequent genotype among non-diabetics (58%) whilst Hp2-2 (38%) was most frequent genotype among diabetics. Majority of the diabetics were found in the Hp1S-1F and Hp2-2 genotype groups for diastolic BP (mmHg), systolic BP (mmHg) and FBG (mM). There was a strong association between DM and Hp2-2 genotype, followed by Hp2-1 (Hp1F-2 > Hp1S- 2) with the least being Hp1-1 (Hp1F-1F, Hp1S-1F, Hp1S-1S). The risk of developing diabetes among people with Hp2-2 and Hp1F-2 genotypes was high. They can therefore be used as markers for an individual developing DM.

Published in	American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences (Volume 1, Issue 4)
DOI	10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15
Page(s)	103-109
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Haptoglobin, Genotype, Polymorphism, Type two (2) Diabetes

References

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APA Style

Charles Brown, Benedicta Awisi, Harry Asmah, Batholomew Dzudzor, Anita Ghansah. (2014). Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1(4), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

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ACS Style

Charles Brown; Benedicta Awisi; Harry Asmah; Batholomew Dzudzor; Anita Ghansah. Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2014, 1(4), 103-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

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AMA Style

Charles Brown, Benedicta Awisi, Harry Asmah, Batholomew Dzudzor, Anita Ghansah. Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2014;1(4):103-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15,
  author = {Charles Brown and Benedicta Awisi and Harry Asmah and Batholomew Dzudzor and Anita Ghansah},
  title = {Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {103-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20130104.15},
  abstract = {Polymorphism of the haptoglobin (Hp) gene, characterized by alleles Hp1 and Hp2, gives rise to structurally and functionally distinct Hp protein phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. The corresponding proteins have structural and functional differences that have influence on a particular disease. For example, Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. In urban Ghana, type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects at least 6% of adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between Hp genotype polymorphism in T2DM patients in Accra. The study was a case control one. A total of 100 participants, 50 T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) and 50 healthy non-diabetic controls, were involved. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the glucose-oxidase method. Fasting blood glucose was performed on all subjects except for the individuals with a history of T2DM. Hp genotype was determined by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR produced Hp genotype-specific bands for the Hp1F, Hp1S, and Hp2 alleles. Statistical analyses revealed a signiﬁcant difference in the Hp genotype distribution between diabetics and non-diabetics (2 = 7.84, df = 2, p = 0.0198). Hp1-1 was the most frequent genotype among non-diabetics (58%) whilst Hp2-2 (38%) was most frequent genotype among diabetics. Majority of the diabetics were found in the Hp1S-1F and Hp2-2 genotype groups for diastolic BP (mmHg), systolic BP (mmHg) and FBG (mM). There was a strong association between DM and Hp2-2 genotype, followed by Hp2-1 (Hp1F-2 > Hp1S- 2) with the least being Hp1-1 (Hp1F-1F, Hp1S-1F, Hp1S-1S). The risk of developing diabetes among people with Hp2-2 and Hp1F-2 genotypes was high. They can therefore be used as markers for an individual developing DM.},
 year = {2014}
}

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TY - JOUR
T1 - Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana
AU - Charles Brown
AU - Benedicta Awisi
AU - Harry Asmah
AU - Batholomew Dzudzor
AU - Anita Ghansah
Y1 - 2014/01/20
PY - 2014
N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15
DO - 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15
T2 - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JF - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
JO - American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences
SP - 103
EP - 109
PB - Science Publishing Group
SN - 2330-880X
UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15
AB - Polymorphism of the haptoglobin (Hp) gene, characterized by alleles Hp1 and Hp2, gives rise to structurally and functionally distinct Hp protein phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. The corresponding proteins have structural and functional differences that have influence on a particular disease. For example, Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. In urban Ghana, type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects at least 6% of adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between Hp genotype polymorphism in T2DM patients in Accra. The study was a case control one. A total of 100 participants, 50 T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) and 50 healthy non-diabetic controls, were involved. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the glucose-oxidase method. Fasting blood glucose was performed on all subjects except for the individuals with a history of T2DM. Hp genotype was determined by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR produced Hp genotype-specific bands for the Hp1F, Hp1S, and Hp2 alleles. Statistical analyses revealed a signiﬁcant difference in the Hp genotype distribution between diabetics and non-diabetics (2 = 7.84, df = 2, p = 0.0198). Hp1-1 was the most frequent genotype among non-diabetics (58%) whilst Hp2-2 (38%) was most frequent genotype among diabetics. Majority of the diabetics were found in the Hp1S-1F and Hp2-2 genotype groups for diastolic BP (mmHg), systolic BP (mmHg) and FBG (mM). There was a strong association between DM and Hp2-2 genotype, followed by Hp2-1 (Hp1F-2 > Hp1S- 2) with the least being Hp1-1 (Hp1F-1F, Hp1S-1F, Hp1S-1S). The risk of developing diabetes among people with Hp2-2 and Hp1F-2 genotypes was high. They can therefore be used as markers for an individual developing DM.
VL - 1
IS - 4
ER -

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Author Information

Charles Brown

Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle -bu – Accra, Ghana
Benedicta Awisi

Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle -bu – Accra, Ghana
Harry Asmah

Medical Laboratory Sciences Department, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Ghana, Korle -bu – Accra, Ghana
Batholomew Dzudzor

University of Ghana Medical School, University of Ghana, Korle -bu – Accra, Ghana
Anita Ghansah

Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, University of Ghana, Legon – Accra, Ghana

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APA Style

Charles Brown, Benedicta Awisi, Harry Asmah, Batholomew Dzudzor, Anita Ghansah. (2014). Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences, 1(4), 103-109. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

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ACS Style

Charles Brown; Benedicta Awisi; Harry Asmah; Batholomew Dzudzor; Anita Ghansah. Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. Am. J. Biomed. Life Sci. 2014, 1(4), 103-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

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AMA Style

Charles Brown, Benedicta Awisi, Harry Asmah, Batholomew Dzudzor, Anita Ghansah. Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana. Am J Biomed Life Sci. 2014;1(4):103-109. doi: 10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15

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@article{10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15,
  author = {Charles Brown and Benedicta Awisi and Harry Asmah and Batholomew Dzudzor and Anita Ghansah},
  title = {Association between Haptoglobin Genotype Polymorphism and Type Two (2) Diabetes in Accra, Ghana},
  journal = {American Journal of Biomedical and Life Sciences},
  volume = {1},
  number = {4},
  pages = {103-109},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajbls.20130104.15},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajbls.20130104.15},
  abstract = {Polymorphism of the haptoglobin (Hp) gene, characterized by alleles Hp1 and Hp2, gives rise to structurally and functionally distinct Hp protein phenotypes: Hp1-1, Hp2-1, and Hp2-2. The corresponding proteins have structural and functional differences that have influence on a particular disease. For example, Hp genotype is an independent risk factor for diabetic complications. In urban Ghana, type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM) affects at least 6% of adults. The aim of this study was to assess the association between Hp genotype polymorphism in T2DM patients in Accra. The study was a case control one. A total of 100 participants, 50 T2DM patients attending the Diabetes Clinic (Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital) and 50 healthy non-diabetic controls, were involved. Plasma glucose concentration was measured by the glucose-oxidase method. Fasting blood glucose was performed on all subjects except for the individuals with a history of T2DM. Hp genotype was determined by allele specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR produced Hp genotype-specific bands for the Hp1F, Hp1S, and Hp2 alleles. Statistical analyses revealed a signiﬁcant difference in the Hp genotype distribution between diabetics and non-diabetics (2 = 7.84, df = 2, p = 0.0198). Hp1-1 was the most frequent genotype among non-diabetics (58%) whilst Hp2-2 (38%) was most frequent genotype among diabetics. Majority of the diabetics were found in the Hp1S-1F and Hp2-2 genotype groups for diastolic BP (mmHg), systolic BP (mmHg) and FBG (mM). There was a strong association between DM and Hp2-2 genotype, followed by Hp2-1 (Hp1F-2 > Hp1S- 2) with the least being Hp1-1 (Hp1F-1F, Hp1S-1F, Hp1S-1S). The risk of developing diabetes among people with Hp2-2 and Hp1F-2 genotypes was high. They can therefore be used as markers for an individual developing DM.},
 year = {2014}
}

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