American Journal of Physics and Applications

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Dependence of Detonation Velocity of Explosives on Effective Atomic Number and Effective Electron Density of the Explosives

Received: 21 September 2020    Accepted: 06 November 2020    Published: 19 November 2020
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Abstract

Detonation velocity is one of the most important characteristics of explosives. For solid hydro carbon-based explosives it is generally greater than 4000 m/s. Detonation velocity depends to some extent upon the particle size of the explosives, increased charge diameter and increased confinement of the explosive. There is no report indicating the dependence of detonation velocity on the effective atomic number and effective electron density of the explosive. In the present work, we have arbitrarily chosen eight explosives. Four of these have detonation velocity between 9400 and 10100 m/s, and the other four has detonation velocity between 4500 and 5300 m/s. Direct method was used to calculate effective atomic number and effective electron densities various explosives. On calculating effective atomic number and effective electron density, it was found that detonation velocity of explosives does depend upon these two parameters. For explosives with high detonation velocity, effective atomic number is high and effective electron density is low while for low detonation velocity explosives it is reverse. It was also found that the variation of effective atomic number and effective electron density as a function of gamma ray energy can be explained on the basis of three different gamma ray inter action mechanism of gamma rays with matter.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajpa.20200805.12
Published in American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 8, Issue 5, September 2020)
Page(s) 73-77
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This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Explosives, Detonation Velocity, Effective Atomic Number, Effective Electron Density

References
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[2] Shivraj Gounhalli, G. Anil Shantappa, and Hanagodimath, S. M. “Studies on effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some chemical explosives in the energy range 1KeV–100 GeV”, Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 4, pp. 2545–2563, 2012.
[3] Vishwanath, P Singh and Badiger, N. M. (2016), Effective Atomic Number of Dosimetric Interest Organic Compounds, Indian J Pure and Applied Physics, 54, 333-338.
[4] Shivalinge, Gowda, Krishnaveni, S., Yashoda, T., Umesh, T. K. and Ramakrishna, Gowda (2004), Photon mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some thermoluminescent dosimetric compounds. Pramana, 63, 529–541.
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[6] Kurudirek, M., Büyükyıldız, M., and Özdemir, Y. (2010), “Effective atomic number study of various alloys for total photon interaction in the energy region of 1keV–100GeV,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 613, 251–256.
[7] Çelik, A., Çevik, U., Bacaksiz, E., and Çelik, N. (2008), “Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of CuGaSe2 semiconductor in the energy range 6-511 keV”, X-Ray Spectrometry, 37, 490–494.
[8] Ïçelli, O. (2009), “Measurement of effective atomic numbers of holmium doped and undoped layered semiconductors via transmission method around the absorption edge”, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A, 600, 635–639.
[9] Kaewkhao, J. and Limsuwan, P. (2010), “Mass attenuation coefficients and effective atomic numbers in phosphate glass containing Bi2O3, PbO and BaO at 662 keV,” Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 619, 295–297.
[10] Manjunathaguru, V. and T. K. Umesh, T. K. (2006), “Effective atomic numbers and electron densities of some biologically important compounds containing H, C, N and O in the energy range 145–1330 keV,” Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, 39, 3969–3981.
[11] Vegi, A. R. and Mittal, V. K. “Calculation of Atomic Parameters of Bismuth Germinate Detectors”, J of Ultra Scientists of Physical Sciences B 30, pp. 81–87, 2018.
[12] Teklemariam, T. T., Mittal, V. K. and Chali Yedeta, 2019, “Atomic Parameters of Some Commonly Used Liquid Crystals”, Ethiop J Educ and Science 14, 48–57, 2019.
[13] Kaçal, M. R., Akdemir, F., Araz, A., Mehmet Fatih Turhan and Rıdvan Durak (2017), Calculation of Absorption Parameters for Selected Narcotic Drugs in the Energy Range from 1 keV to 100 GeV Ferdi Akman, AIP Conference Proceedings 1833, 020083.
[14] Gounhalli, S. G., Shantappa, A. and Hanagodimath, S. M. (2012), Studies on Mass Attenuation Coefficient, Effective Atomic Numbers and Electron Densities of Some Narcotic Drugs in the Energy Range 1KeV-100GeV, Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) 2 (2012), 40-48.
[15] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_explosive_detonation_velocity.
[16] Gerwards, L., Guilbert, N., Jensen, K. B. and Levring, H., 2004, “WinXCom—a program for calculating X-ray attenuation coefficients”, Radiation Physics and Chemistry 71, 653–654, 2004.
[17] Madhusudhan Rao A. S., Narender K., Gopal Krishan Rao K., Gopi Krishna N., and Radha Krishna Murthy (2016). Mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic and electron numbers of alkali halides for multi energetic photons. Research J Physical Sci, 1: 11-16.
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[19] Manohara S. R., Hanagodimath S., and Gerward L., (2008). Energy dependence of effective atomic number for photon energy absorption and photon interactions: study of some biological molecules in the energy range 1keV to 20MeV, Medical Physics, 35 (1): 388-402.
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Author Information
  • Department of Physics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

  • Department of Physics, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia

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    Tohe Tessema Teklemariam, Vijay Kumar Mittal. (2020). Dependence of Detonation Velocity of Explosives on Effective Atomic Number and Effective Electron Density of the Explosives. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 8(5), 73-77. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20200805.12

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    Tohe Tessema Teklemariam; Vijay Kumar Mittal. Dependence of Detonation Velocity of Explosives on Effective Atomic Number and Effective Electron Density of the Explosives. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2020, 8(5), 73-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20200805.12

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    AMA Style

    Tohe Tessema Teklemariam, Vijay Kumar Mittal. Dependence of Detonation Velocity of Explosives on Effective Atomic Number and Effective Electron Density of the Explosives. Am J Phys Appl. 2020;8(5):73-77. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20200805.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20200805.12,
      author = {Tohe Tessema Teklemariam and Vijay Kumar Mittal},
      title = {Dependence of Detonation Velocity of Explosives on Effective Atomic Number and Effective Electron Density of the Explosives},
      journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
      volume = {8},
      number = {5},
      pages = {73-77},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20200805.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20200805.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20200805.12},
      abstract = {Detonation velocity is one of the most important characteristics of explosives. For solid hydro carbon-based explosives it is generally greater than 4000 m/s. Detonation velocity depends to some extent upon the particle size of the explosives, increased charge diameter and increased confinement of the explosive. There is no report indicating the dependence of detonation velocity on the effective atomic number and effective electron density of the explosive. In the present work, we have arbitrarily chosen eight explosives. Four of these have detonation velocity between 9400 and 10100 m/s, and the other four has detonation velocity between 4500 and 5300 m/s. Direct method was used to calculate effective atomic number and effective electron densities various explosives. On calculating effective atomic number and effective electron density, it was found that detonation velocity of explosives does depend upon these two parameters. For explosives with high detonation velocity, effective atomic number is high and effective electron density is low while for low detonation velocity explosives it is reverse. It was also found that the variation of effective atomic number and effective electron density as a function of gamma ray energy can be explained on the basis of three different gamma ray inter action mechanism of gamma rays with matter.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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    T1  - Dependence of Detonation Velocity of Explosives on Effective Atomic Number and Effective Electron Density of the Explosives
    AU  - Tohe Tessema Teklemariam
    AU  - Vijay Kumar Mittal
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20200805.12
    T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
    JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
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    AB  - Detonation velocity is one of the most important characteristics of explosives. For solid hydro carbon-based explosives it is generally greater than 4000 m/s. Detonation velocity depends to some extent upon the particle size of the explosives, increased charge diameter and increased confinement of the explosive. There is no report indicating the dependence of detonation velocity on the effective atomic number and effective electron density of the explosive. In the present work, we have arbitrarily chosen eight explosives. Four of these have detonation velocity between 9400 and 10100 m/s, and the other four has detonation velocity between 4500 and 5300 m/s. Direct method was used to calculate effective atomic number and effective electron densities various explosives. On calculating effective atomic number and effective electron density, it was found that detonation velocity of explosives does depend upon these two parameters. For explosives with high detonation velocity, effective atomic number is high and effective electron density is low while for low detonation velocity explosives it is reverse. It was also found that the variation of effective atomic number and effective electron density as a function of gamma ray energy can be explained on the basis of three different gamma ray inter action mechanism of gamma rays with matter.
    VL  - 8
    IS  - 5
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