Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries

Sundar Saran Sombhatla; Ashish Kumar; Akhilesh Shukla; Kiran Kumar; Sheeba Mashruwala

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11

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Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries

Sundar Saran Sombhatla, Ashish Kumar, Akhilesh Shukla, Kiran Kumar, Sheeba Mashruwala

Received: 15 December 2017 Accepted: 27 December 2017 Published: 19 January 2018

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Abstract

As a part of regular purification process for zinc leachate, cold purification cake is being generated at Hindustan Zinc refineries. Since the cake is being accumulated as an inventory, a treatment process has been designed to recover the copper in house and utilize it as an activator in zinc flotation circuit. It majorly contains copper (30-40%) along with zinc (10-20%) and cadmium (2%). With confirmation to the above statement, photomicrographs of purification cake also confirmed the major presence of copper in metallic or oxidized form. In present work ammoniacal carbonate leaching of purification cake followed by solvent extraction using diketone based solvent has been studied under the influence of various parameters viz., temperature, agitation, pulp density, ammonia, CO₂ dosages, solvent concentration, and impact of w/s zinc on leaching and solvent extraction. Leaching kinetics determined based on shrinking core model. Chemical reaction at unreacted core was found to be the rate controlling step. The estimated activation energy was found to be 24 KJ/mol. Leached copper has been extracted by solvent extraction with a β diketone based solvent and is stripped with sulfuric acid as concentrated copper sulfate solution. The above established R&D findings are successfully implemented in the Commercial plant with a treatment capacity of two tons of cold purification cake per batch.

DOI	10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11
Published in	American Journal of Physics and Applications (Volume 6, Issue 2, March 2018)
Page(s)	26-34
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Ammonical Leaching, Kinetics, Solvent Extraction, Activation Energy

References

[1]	Robert J S, The Extractive Metallurgy of Zinc, The Australasian institute of Mining and Metallurgy, Spectrum Series, volume number 13, 2005. Pp. 93-112.
[2]	Habashi F, Handbook of Extractive Metallurgy, Wiley, New York. 1997.
[3]	Hackl R P, Dreisinger D B, Peters E, King J A, Passivation of chalcopyrite during oxidative leaching in sulfate media. [J] Hydrometallurgy, 1995. 39: 25−48.
[4]	Ghosh M K, Das R P, Biswas, A K, Oxidative ammonia leaching of spharelite Part I: Noncatalytic kinetics International Journal of Mineral Process, 2002. 66: 241-254.
[5]	Wang X, Chen Q, Hu H, Yin Z, Xiao Z, Solubility prediction of malachite in aqueous ammoniacal ammonium chloride solutions at 25°C. Hydrometallurgy, 2009. 99: 231-237.
[6]	Biswas A K, Davenport W G, Extractive Metallurgy of Copper, International series on Material Science and Technology; volume 20. 1980.
[7]	Konishi H, Selective Separation and Recovery of Copper from Iron and Copper mixed waste by Ammonia solution. Graduate school of engineering, Osaka university.
[8]	John R S, Matthew D S, Practical aspects of copper solvent extraction from acidic leach liquors, zeneca specialties, acorga metal extraction products blackley, manchester U.K.
[9]	Levenspiel O, Chemical Reaction Engineering [m]. 3rd edition. New York: Wiley. 1998.
[10]	Baba A A, Ghosh M K, Pradhan S R, Rao D S, Baral A, Adekola F A,” Characterization and kinetic study on ammonia leaching of complex copper ore” Trans. Nonferrous met. Soc. of China, 2014. 24, 1587−1595.
[11]	Terézia V, Tamás I, Materials science and engineering, 2013. Volume 38/1. Pp. 61–71.
[12]	Sankum N, Noppadol Y, Chu Yong C and Torranin C, “Characterisation of Zinc Plant, Cold-Purification Filter Cake and Leaching of Indium by Aqueous Sulphuric Acid Solution” Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2015; 42 (3): 718-729.
[13]	Manivannan S, David H, Piet N L L, Heinrich A. H, Luiz H A F, Eric D H; Leaching and selective copper recovery from acidic leachates of Três Marias zinc plant (MG, Brazil) metallurgical purification residues; Journal of Environmental Management; Volume 177, 15 July 2016, Pages 26-35.

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APA Style

Sundar Saran Sombhatla, Ashish Kumar, Akhilesh Shukla, Kiran Kumar, Sheeba Mashruwala. (2018). Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 6(2), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11

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ACS Style

Sundar Saran Sombhatla; Ashish Kumar; Akhilesh Shukla; Kiran Kumar; Sheeba Mashruwala. Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2018, 6(2), 26-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11

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AMA Style

Sundar Saran Sombhatla, Ashish Kumar, Akhilesh Shukla, Kiran Kumar, Sheeba Mashruwala. Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries. Am J Phys Appl. 2018;6(2):26-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11,
  author = {Sundar Saran Sombhatla and Ashish Kumar and Akhilesh Shukla and Kiran Kumar and Sheeba Mashruwala},
  title = {Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {26-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20180602.11},
  abstract = {As a part of regular purification process for zinc leachate, cold purification cake is being generated at Hindustan Zinc refineries. Since the cake is being accumulated as an inventory, a treatment process has been designed to recover the copper in house and utilize it as an activator in zinc flotation circuit. It majorly contains copper (30-40%) along with zinc (10-20%) and cadmium (2%). With confirmation to the above statement, photomicrographs of purification cake also confirmed the major presence of copper in metallic or oxidized form. In present work ammoniacal carbonate leaching of purification cake followed by solvent extraction using diketone based solvent has been studied under the influence of various parameters viz., temperature, agitation, pulp density, ammonia, CO2 dosages, solvent concentration, and impact of w/s zinc on leaching and solvent extraction. Leaching kinetics determined based on shrinking core model. Chemical reaction at unreacted core was found to be the rate controlling step. The estimated activation energy was found to be 24 KJ/mol. Leached copper has been extracted by solvent extraction with a β diketone based solvent and is stripped with sulfuric acid as concentrated copper sulfate solution. The above established R&D findings are successfully implemented in the Commercial plant with a treatment capacity of two tons of cold purification cake per batch.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries
AU  - Sundar Saran Sombhatla
AU  - Ashish Kumar
AU  - Akhilesh Shukla
AU  - Kiran Kumar
AU  - Sheeba Mashruwala
Y1  - 2018/01/19
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 26
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11
AB  - As a part of regular purification process for zinc leachate, cold purification cake is being generated at Hindustan Zinc refineries. Since the cake is being accumulated as an inventory, a treatment process has been designed to recover the copper in house and utilize it as an activator in zinc flotation circuit. It majorly contains copper (30-40%) along with zinc (10-20%) and cadmium (2%). With confirmation to the above statement, photomicrographs of purification cake also confirmed the major presence of copper in metallic or oxidized form. In present work ammoniacal carbonate leaching of purification cake followed by solvent extraction using diketone based solvent has been studied under the influence of various parameters viz., temperature, agitation, pulp density, ammonia, CO2 dosages, solvent concentration, and impact of w/s zinc on leaching and solvent extraction. Leaching kinetics determined based on shrinking core model. Chemical reaction at unreacted core was found to be the rate controlling step. The estimated activation energy was found to be 24 KJ/mol. Leached copper has been extracted by solvent extraction with a β diketone based solvent and is stripped with sulfuric acid as concentrated copper sulfate solution. The above established R&D findings are successfully implemented in the Commercial plant with a treatment capacity of two tons of cold purification cake per batch.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Sundar Saran Sombhatla

Central Research & Development Laboratory, Hindustan Zinc Limited, Udaipur, India
Ashish Kumar

Central Research & Development Laboratory, Hindustan Zinc Limited, Udaipur, India
Akhilesh Shukla

Central Research & Development Laboratory, Hindustan Zinc Limited, Udaipur, India
Kiran Kumar

Central Research & Development Laboratory, Hindustan Zinc Limited, Udaipur, India
Sheeba Mashruwala

Central Research & Development Laboratory, Hindustan Zinc Limited, Udaipur, India

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APA Style

Sundar Saran Sombhatla, Ashish Kumar, Akhilesh Shukla, Kiran Kumar, Sheeba Mashruwala. (2018). Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries. American Journal of Physics and Applications, 6(2), 26-34. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11

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ACS Style

Sundar Saran Sombhatla; Ashish Kumar; Akhilesh Shukla; Kiran Kumar; Sheeba Mashruwala. Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries. Am. J. Phys. Appl. 2018, 6(2), 26-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11

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AMA Style

Sundar Saran Sombhatla, Ashish Kumar, Akhilesh Shukla, Kiran Kumar, Sheeba Mashruwala. Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries. Am J Phys Appl. 2018;6(2):26-34. doi: 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11

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@article{10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11,
  author = {Sundar Saran Sombhatla and Ashish Kumar and Akhilesh Shukla and Kiran Kumar and Sheeba Mashruwala},
  title = {Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries},
  journal = {American Journal of Physics and Applications},
  volume = {6},
  number = {2},
  pages = {26-34},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajpa.20180602.11},
  abstract = {As a part of regular purification process for zinc leachate, cold purification cake is being generated at Hindustan Zinc refineries. Since the cake is being accumulated as an inventory, a treatment process has been designed to recover the copper in house and utilize it as an activator in zinc flotation circuit. It majorly contains copper (30-40%) along with zinc (10-20%) and cadmium (2%). With confirmation to the above statement, photomicrographs of purification cake also confirmed the major presence of copper in metallic or oxidized form. In present work ammoniacal carbonate leaching of purification cake followed by solvent extraction using diketone based solvent has been studied under the influence of various parameters viz., temperature, agitation, pulp density, ammonia, CO2 dosages, solvent concentration, and impact of w/s zinc on leaching and solvent extraction. Leaching kinetics determined based on shrinking core model. Chemical reaction at unreacted core was found to be the rate controlling step. The estimated activation energy was found to be 24 KJ/mol. Leached copper has been extracted by solvent extraction with a β diketone based solvent and is stripped with sulfuric acid as concentrated copper sulfate solution. The above established R&D findings are successfully implemented in the Commercial plant with a treatment capacity of two tons of cold purification cake per batch.},
 year = {2018}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Validation and Implementation of Cold Purification Cake Leaching in Ammoniacal Carbonate Solutions at Hindustan Zinc Hydro Refineries
AU  - Sundar Saran Sombhatla
AU  - Ashish Kumar
AU  - Akhilesh Shukla
AU  - Kiran Kumar
AU  - Sheeba Mashruwala
Y1  - 2018/01/19
PY  - 2018
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11
T2  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JF  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
JO  - American Journal of Physics and Applications
SP  - 26
EP  - 34
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-4308
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajpa.20180602.11
AB  - As a part of regular purification process for zinc leachate, cold purification cake is being generated at Hindustan Zinc refineries. Since the cake is being accumulated as an inventory, a treatment process has been designed to recover the copper in house and utilize it as an activator in zinc flotation circuit. It majorly contains copper (30-40%) along with zinc (10-20%) and cadmium (2%). With confirmation to the above statement, photomicrographs of purification cake also confirmed the major presence of copper in metallic or oxidized form. In present work ammoniacal carbonate leaching of purification cake followed by solvent extraction using diketone based solvent has been studied under the influence of various parameters viz., temperature, agitation, pulp density, ammonia, CO2 dosages, solvent concentration, and impact of w/s zinc on leaching and solvent extraction. Leaching kinetics determined based on shrinking core model. Chemical reaction at unreacted core was found to be the rate controlling step. The estimated activation energy was found to be 24 KJ/mol. Leached copper has been extracted by solvent extraction with a β diketone based solvent and is stripped with sulfuric acid as concentrated copper sulfate solution. The above established R&D findings are successfully implemented in the Commercial plant with a treatment capacity of two tons of cold purification cake per batch.
VL  - 6
IS  - 2
ER  -

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