Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering

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Subjective Experiment on the Habitability of a Temporary Emergency Shelter Made of Corrugated Cardboard

Received: 18 September 2018    Accepted: 28 November 2018    Published: 21 December 2018
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Abstract

In this study, we investigated indoor thermal environment survey and sleep in temporary shelters. Temporary shelters are three types of outdoor tents and cars, and newly developed temporary emergency shelter made corrugated cardboard. For each temporary shelter, indoor air temperature in summer and winter was measured. In summer, the corrugated shelter and the tent opened windows at night, so the indoor temperature and outside air temperature became the same level. As insects came in the car, it was difficult to open the window at night. In winter, the corrugated shelter and tent have the same level of indoor temperature and outdoor temperature. Because the airtight performance of the car is high, the lowest temperature in the room was maintained at around 10°C. Subject experiments of sleep were carried out on each temporary shelter using OSA sleep inventory.The subjective statements on the quality of sleep indicate that, in summer, the corrugated cardboard temporary shelter received the highest score, followed by the tent, and finally the automobile. In winter, the corrugated cardboard temporary shelter received the highest rating, followed by the automobile, and finally the tent. The Interview survey was conducted on each temporary shelter. The corrugated cardboard temporary shelter was evaluated highly for corrugated floor panels, the size of the space, the freedom of occupancy. The interior space of the car and the tent was narrow, it was difficult to stay for a long term, and it was a low evaluation.

DOI 10.11648/j.jccee.20180305.12
Published in Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering (Volume 3, Issue 5, October 2018)
Page(s) 147-153
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Temporary Emergency Shelter, Habitation, Indoor Thermal Environment, Sleep

References
[1] Hanzawa. K, “A medical report of the mid Niigata prefecture earthquake 2004: Results of ultrasonography in lower leg”, Niigata MED J. 120(1), 14-20, 2006.
[2] Shibata. M, H. Chiba, K. Sasaki, S. Ueda, O. Yamamura, K. Hanzawa, “The utility of on-site ultrasound screening in population at high risk for deep venous thrombosis in temporary housing after the great East Japan Earthquake”, Journal of Clinical Ultrasound, 45, 2017, DOI: 10.1002/jcu.22505.
[3] Sago Mokuzai, http://www.sago-g.co.jp/kasetu/index.html.
[4] Hasegawa. K, H. Yoshino, U. Yanagi, K. Azuma, H. Osawa, N. Kagi, “Indoor thermal environment of temporary houses built after great east Japan earthquake in 2011 and proposal of thermal performance for building envelopes and mechanical ventilation system”, J. Environ. Eng., AIJ, 82, 731, 19-29, 2017.
[5] Huang. L, E. Long, J. Ouyang, “Measurement of the thermal environment in temporary settlements with high building density after 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China”, Procedia Engineering, 121, 95-100, 2015.
[6] Thapa. R, H. Rijal, M. Shukuya, “Field study on acceptable indoor temperature in temporary shelters built in Nepal after massive earthquake 2015”, Building and Environment, 135, 330-343, 2018.
[7] Obyn. S, G. van Moeseke, V. Virgo, “Thermal performance of shelter modelling: Improvement of temporary structures”, Energy Building, 89, 170–182, 2015.
[8] Salvalai. G, M. Imperadori, D. Scaccabarozzi, C. Pusceddu, “Thermal performance measurement and application of a multilayer insulator for emergency architecture”, Appl. Therm. Eng, 82, 110–119, 2015.
[9] Yamamoto. Y, “Development and standardization of the middle-aged, elderly OSA sleep questionnaire intended for the MA version”, Brain Sci Mental Disorders, 10, 401-409, 1999.
[10] Albadra. D, M. Vellei, D. Coley, J. Hart, “Thermal comfort in desert refugee camps: An interdisciplinary approach”, Building and Environment, 124, 460-477, 2017.
Author Information
  • Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan

  • Department of Architecture, National Institute of Technology, Gifu College, Gifu, Japan

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  • APA Style

    Takashi Nakaya, Ryoichi Shibata. (2018). Subjective Experiment on the Habitability of a Temporary Emergency Shelter Made of Corrugated Cardboard. Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, 3(5), 147-153. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20180305.12

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    ACS Style

    Takashi Nakaya; Ryoichi Shibata. Subjective Experiment on the Habitability of a Temporary Emergency Shelter Made of Corrugated Cardboard. J. Civ. Constr. Environ. Eng. 2018, 3(5), 147-153. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20180305.12

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    AMA Style

    Takashi Nakaya, Ryoichi Shibata. Subjective Experiment on the Habitability of a Temporary Emergency Shelter Made of Corrugated Cardboard. J Civ Constr Environ Eng. 2018;3(5):147-153. doi: 10.11648/j.jccee.20180305.12

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  • @article{10.11648/j.jccee.20180305.12,
      author = {Takashi Nakaya and Ryoichi Shibata},
      title = {Subjective Experiment on the Habitability of a Temporary Emergency Shelter Made of Corrugated Cardboard},
      journal = {Journal of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering},
      volume = {3},
      number = {5},
      pages = {147-153},
      doi = {10.11648/j.jccee.20180305.12},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jccee.20180305.12},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jccee.20180305.12},
      abstract = {In this study, we investigated indoor thermal environment survey and sleep in temporary shelters. Temporary shelters are three types of outdoor tents and cars, and newly developed temporary emergency shelter made corrugated cardboard. For each temporary shelter, indoor air temperature in summer and winter was measured. In summer, the corrugated shelter and the tent opened windows at night, so the indoor temperature and outside air temperature became the same level. As insects came in the car, it was difficult to open the window at night. In winter, the corrugated shelter and tent have the same level of indoor temperature and outdoor temperature. Because the airtight performance of the car is high, the lowest temperature in the room was maintained at around 10°C. Subject experiments of sleep were carried out on each temporary shelter using OSA sleep inventory.The subjective statements on the quality of sleep indicate that, in summer, the corrugated cardboard temporary shelter received the highest score, followed by the tent, and finally the automobile. In winter, the corrugated cardboard temporary shelter received the highest rating, followed by the automobile, and finally the tent. The Interview survey was conducted on each temporary shelter. The corrugated cardboard temporary shelter was evaluated highly for corrugated floor panels, the size of the space, the freedom of occupancy. The interior space of the car and the tent was narrow, it was difficult to stay for a long term, and it was a low evaluation.},
     year = {2018}
    }
    

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    AB  - In this study, we investigated indoor thermal environment survey and sleep in temporary shelters. Temporary shelters are three types of outdoor tents and cars, and newly developed temporary emergency shelter made corrugated cardboard. For each temporary shelter, indoor air temperature in summer and winter was measured. In summer, the corrugated shelter and the tent opened windows at night, so the indoor temperature and outside air temperature became the same level. As insects came in the car, it was difficult to open the window at night. In winter, the corrugated shelter and tent have the same level of indoor temperature and outdoor temperature. Because the airtight performance of the car is high, the lowest temperature in the room was maintained at around 10°C. Subject experiments of sleep were carried out on each temporary shelter using OSA sleep inventory.The subjective statements on the quality of sleep indicate that, in summer, the corrugated cardboard temporary shelter received the highest score, followed by the tent, and finally the automobile. In winter, the corrugated cardboard temporary shelter received the highest rating, followed by the automobile, and finally the tent. The Interview survey was conducted on each temporary shelter. The corrugated cardboard temporary shelter was evaluated highly for corrugated floor panels, the size of the space, the freedom of occupancy. The interior space of the car and the tent was narrow, it was difficult to stay for a long term, and it was a low evaluation.
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