Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i> L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria

Zakari Mohammed; Zaynab Muhammad Chellube; Ayuba Maina Jatau; Joseph Clement Akan

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11

| Peer-Reviewed

Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria

Zakari Mohammed, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Ayuba Maina Jatau, Joseph Clement Akan

Published in International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 8 May 2020 Accepted: 26 May 2020 Published: 26 October 2020

Views: Downloads:

Download PDF

Share This Article

Twitter
Linked In
Facebook

Abstract

The objectives were to determine the concentrations of herbicide residues in soil and different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to compare the levels with allowable limits set by WHO/FAO. Four varieties of rice samples (Narica 1, Marica 2, De-gold and Faro 44 were collected from Zabarmari and Bulamari agricultural locations for the determination of herbicide residues. Extraction and cleanup of the samples were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The levels of the studied herbicide residues were determined using Agilent 7890A GC/MS. From the results of the study, it was observed that paraquat and butachlor are the most dominant used herbicides in the study area due to their higher concentrations in the soil and rice samples. The concentrations of all the studied herbicides were significantly higher in the soil samples as compared to the rice samples. The concentrations of all the herbicides in the soil samples were observed to be higher at depth of 0-10cm, while the lowest concentrations were detected at the depth of 20-30 cm. The study clearly indicates that some of the studied herbicide residues in the rice samples were significantly higher than the WHO and FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs). Hence, this high values of residues of herbicide call for strict vigilance and constant monitoring in other to protect further contamination of the cultivated rice by herbicides.

Published in	International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11
Page(s)	15-20
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Herbicide, Varieties, Rice, Soil, MRL

References

[1]	Su-hsiang, T., Pi-chiou, C. and Shin-shou, C. (2002). Determination of Butachlor and Pencycuron Residues in Vegetables and Rice: Application of the Macroporous Diatomaceous Earth Column. Journal of Food and Drug Analysis, 10 (2): 127-134.
[2]	Shobha, S. (2014). Herbicides residues in soil, water, plants and non-targeted organisms and human health implications: an Indian perspective. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 46 (1): 66–85.
[3]	Nag, S. K. and Das, S. K. (2009). Persistence of atrazine in soil under fodder sorghum. Journal of Crop and Weed, 5 (2): 131-135.
[4]	Sondhia, S., Singh, V. P. and Yaduraju, N. T. (2006). Persistence of butachlor in sandy clay loam soil and its residues in rice grains and straw. Annals of Plant Protection Sciences, 14 (1): 206-209.
[5]	Sanyal, D. and Kulshrestha, G. (2003). Degradation of metolachlor in soil inoculated with a mixed fungal culture. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 38 (4): 253-256.
[6]	Reddy, K. N., Rao, B. N., Sultan, M. A., Reddy, D. J. and Babu, T. R. (1998). Residues of butachlor in paddy. Journal of Research ANGRAU, 26 (3-4): 48-49.
[7]	Sondhia, S. and Dixit, A. (2012). Bioefficacy and persistence of ethoxysulfuron in rice. ORYZA-An International Journal on Rice, 49 (3): 178-182.
[8]	Attar, N. R, Arsekar, and Pawar, M. N. (2009). Paraquat poisoning - A deadly poison: A case report. Vilas Chavan MedicoLegal, 9 (2): 43-47.
[9]	Khosya, S. and Gothwal, S. (2012). Two cases of paraquat poisoning from kota, Rajasthan, India case reports in critical care. ID 652146. DOI. 10.1155/2012/652146.
[10]	Kondle, R., Vidavalur, M., Parri, S., Polam, R. R., Vajja, V. and Agrawal, A. (2013). Paraquat poisoning: A case report and review of literature. Case Report 20 (3): 198-200.
[11]	Das, S. K., Anand, P. R., Vijaya, K. V. and Ponnusankar, S. (2012). Title NSHM Journal of Pharmacy and Healthcare Management 3: 112-115.
[12]	Chakravarthi, B. K. and Naravaneni, R. (2006). SSR marker based DNA fingerprinting and diversity study in rice (Oryza sativa). PBR Laboratories, Researchgate Publications.
[13]	Akan, J. C., Dawa, J. Y., Inuwa, L. B. and Zakari, M. (2018). Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in different varieties of rice (oryza Sativa) from Yobe State, Nigeria. Eviromental and Pollution. 7 (2): 1927-0909.
[14]	Cho, S. K., Abd, E. A., Jeon, H. R., Choi, J. H., Shin, H. C. and Shim, J. H. (2007). Comparison of Different Extraction Methods for the Simultaneous Determination of Pesticide Residues in Kiwi Fruit Using Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry. Journal of Biomedical and Chromatography, 22: 727-735.
[15]	Akan, J. C., Musa, M. Mahmud., Maimuna Waziri. and Zakari, Mohammed. (2015). Residues of Organchlorine Pesticide in Watermelon (Citrulus lanatus) and Soil Samples from Gashua Bade Local Government Area Yobe State, Nigeria. Advances in Analytical Chemistry, 5: (3): 61-68.
[16]	Anastassiades, M., Lehotay, S. J., Stajnbaher, D. and Schenck, F. J. (2003). Fast and easy multiresidue method employing acetonitrile extraction, partitioning and dispersive solid phase extraction for the determination of pesticides residues in produce. Journal of AOAC International, 86 (2): 412–431.
[17]	Shuxuan, L., Xinfeng, D. Ming, S. and Hanwen, S. (2016). Analysis of herbicide atrazine and its degradation products in cereals by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Anal. Methods, 83599-3604.
[18]	Tariq, M., Bushra1, S., Mansoor-ul-H., Maqbool, U., M. R. Asi, M. R., Gulzar, A. and Iqbal, M. F. (2015). Residual estimation of isoproturon, atrazine and grain protectants instored wheat grains. International Journal of Advances in Biology, 2 (3).
[19]	Jia, J. Z., Yi. C. L., Jin. J. Z., Li, R. T. and Hong, Y. (2014). Accumulation and toxicological response of atrazine in rice crops. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 102: 105-112.
[20]	Janaki. P., Archana, M. and Priya, S. R. (2017). Effect of herbicides on potato and their persistence in acid soil under semiarid tropical condition. Advances in Plants & Agriculture Research, 7 (3): 272-277. DOI: 10.15406/apar.2017.07.00254.
[21]	Ionara, R. P., Giovana, M. E., Velaa, A. K., Jos, M. S., Jonatan, V. D., Carmem, D. C., Germani, C. and Rafael, V. (2016). Determination of paraquat and diquat: LC-MS method optimization and validation. Food Chemistry, 209: 248–255.
[22]	Al-Zahraa, M. D., Soumia, M. D. and Fathy, E. E. (2016). Analysis of Organochlorine and Organophosphorus Pesticide Residues in Dairy Products and Baby Foods from Egyptian Markets. J. Environ. Anal. Toxicol. 6: 412. doi: 10.4172/2161-0525.1000412.
[23]	Michael, P. B., Terry, L. L. and Ronald, E. T. (1985). Metolachlor Effects of Metolachlor Residues on Rice (Oryza sativa). Weed Science, 33 (6): 819-824.
[24]	Deka, S. K and Gogoi A. K. (1993). Studies on the persistence of butachlor in soil and residue in straw and grain of rice (Oryza sativa L.) pp. 96-98. In: Integrated weed management for sustainable agriculture. Proceedings of an Indian Society of Weed Science International Symposium, Hisar, India, 18-20 November 1993, Vol. II.
[25]	Devi, M. P., Reddy, C. N and Reddy, N. V. (1998). Crop tolerance studies tooxyfluorfen and its persistence in soil. Indian Journal of Weed Science, 30 (3-4): 214-215.
[26]	Jayakumar, R. and Sankaran, S. (1995). Evaluation of anilofos 50 EC residues in transplanted rice. Madras Agricultural Journal, 82 (4): 296-298.

Cite This Article

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Zakari Mohammed, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Ayuba Maina Jatau, Joseph Clement Akan. (2020). Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria. International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 5(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Zakari Mohammed; Zaynab Muhammad Chellube; Ayuba Maina Jatau; Joseph Clement Akan. Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria. Int. J. Bioorg. Chem. 2020, 5(2), 15-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Zakari Mohammed, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Ayuba Maina Jatau, Joseph Clement Akan. Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria. Int J Bioorg Chem. 2020;5(2):15-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11,
  author = {Zakari Mohammed and Zaynab Muhammad Chellube and Ayuba Maina Jatau and Joseph Clement Akan},
  title = {Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbc.20200502.11},
  abstract = {The objectives were to determine the concentrations of herbicide residues in soil and different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to compare the levels with allowable limits set by WHO/FAO. Four varieties of rice samples (Narica 1, Marica 2, De-gold and Faro 44 were collected from Zabarmari and Bulamari agricultural locations for the determination of herbicide residues. Extraction and cleanup of the samples were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The levels of the studied herbicide residues were determined using Agilent 7890A GC/MS. From the results of the study, it was observed that paraquat and butachlor are the most dominant used herbicides in the study area due to their higher concentrations in the soil and rice samples. The concentrations of all the studied herbicides were significantly higher in the soil samples as compared to the rice samples. The concentrations of all the herbicides in the soil samples were observed to be higher at depth of 0-10cm, while the lowest concentrations were detected at the depth of 20-30 cm. The study clearly indicates that some of the studied herbicide residues in the rice samples were significantly higher than the WHO and FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs). Hence, this high values of residues of herbicide call for strict vigilance and constant monitoring in other to protect further contamination of the cultivated rice by herbicides.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria
AU  - Zakari Mohammed
AU  - Zaynab Muhammad Chellube
AU  - Ayuba Maina Jatau
AU  - Joseph Clement Akan
Y1  - 2020/10/26
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11
T2  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
SP  - 15
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9392
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11
AB  - The objectives were to determine the concentrations of herbicide residues in soil and different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to compare the levels with allowable limits set by WHO/FAO. Four varieties of rice samples (Narica 1, Marica 2, De-gold and Faro 44 were collected from Zabarmari and Bulamari agricultural locations for the determination of herbicide residues. Extraction and cleanup of the samples were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The levels of the studied herbicide residues were determined using Agilent 7890A GC/MS. From the results of the study, it was observed that paraquat and butachlor are the most dominant used herbicides in the study area due to their higher concentrations in the soil and rice samples. The concentrations of all the studied herbicides were significantly higher in the soil samples as compared to the rice samples. The concentrations of all the herbicides in the soil samples were observed to be higher at depth of 0-10cm, while the lowest concentrations were detected at the depth of 20-30 cm. The study clearly indicates that some of the studied herbicide residues in the rice samples were significantly higher than the WHO and FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs). Hence, this high values of residues of herbicide call for strict vigilance and constant monitoring in other to protect further contamination of the cultivated rice by herbicides.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download

Author Information

Zakari Mohammed

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Zaynab Muhammad Chellube

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Ayuba Maina Jatau

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria
Joseph Clement Akan

Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria

Download PDF

Sections

Plain Text BibTeX RIS

APA Style

Zakari Mohammed, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Ayuba Maina Jatau, Joseph Clement Akan. (2020). Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria. International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 5(2), 15-20. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11

Copy | Download

ACS Style

Zakari Mohammed; Zaynab Muhammad Chellube; Ayuba Maina Jatau; Joseph Clement Akan. Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria. Int. J. Bioorg. Chem. 2020, 5(2), 15-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Zakari Mohammed, Zaynab Muhammad Chellube, Ayuba Maina Jatau, Joseph Clement Akan. Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria. Int J Bioorg Chem. 2020;5(2):15-20. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11,
  author = {Zakari Mohammed and Zaynab Muhammad Chellube and Ayuba Maina Jatau and Joseph Clement Akan},
  title = {Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria},
  journal = {International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {15-20},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbc.20200502.11},
  abstract = {The objectives were to determine the concentrations of herbicide residues in soil and different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to compare the levels with allowable limits set by WHO/FAO. Four varieties of rice samples (Narica 1, Marica 2, De-gold and Faro 44 were collected from Zabarmari and Bulamari agricultural locations for the determination of herbicide residues. Extraction and cleanup of the samples were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The levels of the studied herbicide residues were determined using Agilent 7890A GC/MS. From the results of the study, it was observed that paraquat and butachlor are the most dominant used herbicides in the study area due to their higher concentrations in the soil and rice samples. The concentrations of all the studied herbicides were significantly higher in the soil samples as compared to the rice samples. The concentrations of all the herbicides in the soil samples were observed to be higher at depth of 0-10cm, while the lowest concentrations were detected at the depth of 20-30 cm. The study clearly indicates that some of the studied herbicide residues in the rice samples were significantly higher than the WHO and FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs). Hence, this high values of residues of herbicide call for strict vigilance and constant monitoring in other to protect further contamination of the cultivated rice by herbicides.},
 year = {2020}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Herbicide Residues in Soil and Varieties of Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Samples from Borno State, Nigeria
AU  - Zakari Mohammed
AU  - Zaynab Muhammad Chellube
AU  - Ayuba Maina Jatau
AU  - Joseph Clement Akan
Y1  - 2020/10/26
PY  - 2020
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11
T2  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
JF  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
JO  - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry
SP  - 15
EP  - 20
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2578-9392
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20200502.11
AB  - The objectives were to determine the concentrations of herbicide residues in soil and different varieties of rice (Oryza sativa L.) and to compare the levels with allowable limits set by WHO/FAO. Four varieties of rice samples (Narica 1, Marica 2, De-gold and Faro 44 were collected from Zabarmari and Bulamari agricultural locations for the determination of herbicide residues. Extraction and cleanup of the samples were carried out using standard analytical procedures. The levels of the studied herbicide residues were determined using Agilent 7890A GC/MS. From the results of the study, it was observed that paraquat and butachlor are the most dominant used herbicides in the study area due to their higher concentrations in the soil and rice samples. The concentrations of all the studied herbicides were significantly higher in the soil samples as compared to the rice samples. The concentrations of all the herbicides in the soil samples were observed to be higher at depth of 0-10cm, while the lowest concentrations were detected at the depth of 20-30 cm. The study clearly indicates that some of the studied herbicide residues in the rice samples were significantly higher than the WHO and FAO maximum residue limits (MRLs) and acceptable daily intake values (ADIs). Hence, this high values of residues of herbicide call for strict vigilance and constant monitoring in other to protect further contamination of the cultivated rice by herbicides.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

Copy | Download