The study investigated qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of organophosphate pesticide (OPP) residues in cabbages, tomatoes and soil from vegetable gardens of Manzini region and assessed the health risk to consumers. Samples were analysed using QuEChERS extraction technique and GC-ECD. Mean recoveries of the pesticides range from 70.61% to 103.76%. Among 26 samples of cabbages analysed, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dichlorvos with a mean concentration of 2.889 ± 0.617 mg/kg, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dimethoate with mean concentration of 2.898 ± 0.894 mg/kg while 5 samples (19.23%) contained both dichlorvos and dimethoate. The highest concentration of dichlorvos of 5.460 ± 0.911 mg/kg was found in Ngwempisi cabbages while the lowest concentration of 0.415 mg/kg was in Mgazini cabbages. The highest amount of dimethoate of 13.150 ± 3.246 mg/kg was in Matfunjwa cabbages while the lowest amount of dimethoate of 0.106 ± 0.187 mg/kg was in Boyane cabbages. All the contaminated cabbages had residue levels above the Codex (FAO/WHO) and EU MRLs. None of the 15 samples of tomatoes was found to be contaminated with organophosphate pesticides. Out of 41 samples of soil, chlorpyrifos was detected in only 3 samples (7.32%) with mean concentration of 1.145 ± 0.136 mg/kg. The highest amount of 2.778 ± 0.134 mg/kg was found in soil from Buoyane. The health risk estimate also demonstrated that the levels of pesticides residues in cabbages pose health threat to consumers. The results of this study provide a database on the levels of organophosphate pesticide residues in vegetables in the Manzini region to the Ministries of Agriculture and Health. This will help introduce safer pesticide management practices. It will also bring awareness to the general public on the dangers of OPPs to human health and environment.
| Published in | International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry (Volume 4, Issue 1) |
| DOI | 10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18 |
| Page(s) | 53-63 |
| Creative Commons |
This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited. |
| Copyright |
Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group |
Health-Risk, GC-ECD, Organophosphate Pesticides, QuEChERS, Vegetables
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APA Style
Gabriel Chewe Bwembya, Paul Junior, Justice Mandla Thwala, Sipho Samuel Mamba, Tesfamariam Yosief Debessai, et al. (2019). Assessment of the Levels and Potential Health Risk Posed by Selected Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Farms in Manzini Region, Eswatini. International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 4(1), 53-63. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18
ACS Style
Gabriel Chewe Bwembya; Paul Junior; Justice Mandla Thwala; Sipho Samuel Mamba; Tesfamariam Yosief Debessai, et al. Assessment of the Levels and Potential Health Risk Posed by Selected Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Farms in Manzini Region, Eswatini. Int. J. Bioorg. Chem. 2019, 4(1), 53-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18
AMA Style
Gabriel Chewe Bwembya, Paul Junior, Justice Mandla Thwala, Sipho Samuel Mamba, Tesfamariam Yosief Debessai, et al. Assessment of the Levels and Potential Health Risk Posed by Selected Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Farms in Manzini Region, Eswatini. Int J Bioorg Chem. 2019;4(1):53-63. doi: 10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18
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Download@article{10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18,
author = {Gabriel Chewe Bwembya and Paul Junior and Justice Mandla Thwala and Sipho Samuel Mamba and Tesfamariam Yosief Debessai and Nomfundo Dlamini},
title = {Assessment of the Levels and Potential Health Risk Posed by Selected Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Farms in Manzini Region, Eswatini},
journal = {International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry},
volume = {4},
number = {1},
pages = {53-63},
doi = {10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18},
url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18},
eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijbc.20190401.18},
abstract = {The study investigated qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of organophosphate pesticide (OPP) residues in cabbages, tomatoes and soil from vegetable gardens of Manzini region and assessed the health risk to consumers. Samples were analysed using QuEChERS extraction technique and GC-ECD. Mean recoveries of the pesticides range from 70.61% to 103.76%. Among 26 samples of cabbages analysed, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dichlorvos with a mean concentration of 2.889 ± 0.617 mg/kg, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dimethoate with mean concentration of 2.898 ± 0.894 mg/kg while 5 samples (19.23%) contained both dichlorvos and dimethoate. The highest concentration of dichlorvos of 5.460 ± 0.911 mg/kg was found in Ngwempisi cabbages while the lowest concentration of 0.415 mg/kg was in Mgazini cabbages. The highest amount of dimethoate of 13.150 ± 3.246 mg/kg was in Matfunjwa cabbages while the lowest amount of dimethoate of 0.106 ± 0.187 mg/kg was in Boyane cabbages. All the contaminated cabbages had residue levels above the Codex (FAO/WHO) and EU MRLs. None of the 15 samples of tomatoes was found to be contaminated with organophosphate pesticides. Out of 41 samples of soil, chlorpyrifos was detected in only 3 samples (7.32%) with mean concentration of 1.145 ± 0.136 mg/kg. The highest amount of 2.778 ± 0.134 mg/kg was found in soil from Buoyane. The health risk estimate also demonstrated that the levels of pesticides residues in cabbages pose health threat to consumers. The results of this study provide a database on the levels of organophosphate pesticide residues in vegetables in the Manzini region to the Ministries of Agriculture and Health. This will help introduce safer pesticide management practices. It will also bring awareness to the general public on the dangers of OPPs to human health and environment.},
year = {2019}
}
TY - JOUR T1 - Assessment of the Levels and Potential Health Risk Posed by Selected Organophosphate Pesticide Residues in Vegetable Farms in Manzini Region, Eswatini AU - Gabriel Chewe Bwembya AU - Paul Junior AU - Justice Mandla Thwala AU - Sipho Samuel Mamba AU - Tesfamariam Yosief Debessai AU - Nomfundo Dlamini Y1 - 2019/05/06 PY - 2019 N1 - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18 DO - 10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18 T2 - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry JF - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry JO - International Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry SP - 53 EP - 63 PB - Science Publishing Group SN - 2578-9392 UR - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijbc.20190401.18 AB - The study investigated qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of organophosphate pesticide (OPP) residues in cabbages, tomatoes and soil from vegetable gardens of Manzini region and assessed the health risk to consumers. Samples were analysed using QuEChERS extraction technique and GC-ECD. Mean recoveries of the pesticides range from 70.61% to 103.76%. Among 26 samples of cabbages analysed, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dichlorvos with a mean concentration of 2.889 ± 0.617 mg/kg, 8 samples (30.77%) contained residues of dimethoate with mean concentration of 2.898 ± 0.894 mg/kg while 5 samples (19.23%) contained both dichlorvos and dimethoate. The highest concentration of dichlorvos of 5.460 ± 0.911 mg/kg was found in Ngwempisi cabbages while the lowest concentration of 0.415 mg/kg was in Mgazini cabbages. The highest amount of dimethoate of 13.150 ± 3.246 mg/kg was in Matfunjwa cabbages while the lowest amount of dimethoate of 0.106 ± 0.187 mg/kg was in Boyane cabbages. All the contaminated cabbages had residue levels above the Codex (FAO/WHO) and EU MRLs. None of the 15 samples of tomatoes was found to be contaminated with organophosphate pesticides. Out of 41 samples of soil, chlorpyrifos was detected in only 3 samples (7.32%) with mean concentration of 1.145 ± 0.136 mg/kg. The highest amount of 2.778 ± 0.134 mg/kg was found in soil from Buoyane. The health risk estimate also demonstrated that the levels of pesticides residues in cabbages pose health threat to consumers. The results of this study provide a database on the levels of organophosphate pesticide residues in vegetables in the Manzini region to the Ministries of Agriculture and Health. This will help introduce safer pesticide management practices. It will also bring awareness to the general public on the dangers of OPPs to human health and environment. VL - 4 IS - 1 ER -
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