International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology

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Hermaphroditism induction of Sub-Lethal Dose of Atrazine and Atrazine-Nitrate on the Egyptian Toad, Sclerophrys Regularis

Received: 04 December 2018    Accepted: 20 December 2018    Published: 14 January 2019
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Abstract

In this study, atrazine has been shown to act as a potent endocrine disruptor in amphibians either alone or in combination with nitrate under stable laboratory conditions, causing altered gonadal development at the sub-lethal concentrations. A control group and three treatments were tested; atrazine, nitrate, atrazine- nitrate treatments with doses of 300 μg/L, 200 mg/L and their combination, respectively. Atrazine exhibited increase the presence of testicular oocytes TOs in most treated specimens; furthermore, the sizes of seminiferous tubules were decreased compared to control group. Conversely no intersex individuals were detected in the nitrate treatment alone. The combined effects of nitrate and atrazine were not additive or synergistic but were similar to the effects of atrazine in raising the percentage of intersex but with increasing the size of testicular oocyte compared to atrazine alone. On the other hand, the control group in the present study did not contain the rudimentary testicular oocytes and showed normal structures. These gonadal abnormalities may reduce reproductive success and could be a major factor behind amphibian declines. Also, these negative impacts may be a bioindicator alarming the ecosystem disrupting caused by the uncontrolled apply of these chemicals in agriculture.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11
Published in International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology (Volume 3, Issue 3, September 2018)
Page(s) 63-72
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Atrazine, Nitrate, Intersex, Amphibians, Sclerophrys Regularis

References
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Author Information
  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt

  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt

  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut, Egypt

  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt

  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Girls branch, Cairo, Egypt

  • Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Girls branch, Cairo, Egypt

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    Ali Gamal Gadel-Rab, Fatma Abdel-Regal Mahmoud, Rashad El Sayed Said, Samy Abdel-Latif Saber, Boshra Abdel-Aziz El Salkh, et al. (2019). Hermaphroditism induction of Sub-Lethal Dose of Atrazine and Atrazine-Nitrate on the Egyptian Toad, Sclerophrys Regularis. International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology, 3(3), 63-72. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11

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    ACS Style

    Ali Gamal Gadel-Rab; Fatma Abdel-Regal Mahmoud; Rashad El Sayed Said; Samy Abdel-Latif Saber; Boshra Abdel-Aziz El Salkh, et al. Hermaphroditism induction of Sub-Lethal Dose of Atrazine and Atrazine-Nitrate on the Egyptian Toad, Sclerophrys Regularis. Int. J. Ecotoxicol. Ecobiol. 2019, 3(3), 63-72. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11

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    Ali Gamal Gadel-Rab, Fatma Abdel-Regal Mahmoud, Rashad El Sayed Said, Samy Abdel-Latif Saber, Boshra Abdel-Aziz El Salkh, et al. Hermaphroditism induction of Sub-Lethal Dose of Atrazine and Atrazine-Nitrate on the Egyptian Toad, Sclerophrys Regularis. Int J Ecotoxicol Ecobiol. 2019;3(3):63-72. doi: 10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11,
      author = {Ali Gamal Gadel-Rab and Fatma Abdel-Regal Mahmoud and Rashad El Sayed Said and Samy Abdel-Latif Saber and Boshra Abdel-Aziz El Salkh and Aml Sayed Said},
      title = {Hermaphroditism induction of Sub-Lethal Dose of Atrazine and Atrazine-Nitrate on the Egyptian Toad, Sclerophrys Regularis},
      journal = {International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology},
      volume = {3},
      number = {3},
      pages = {63-72},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijee.20180303.11},
      abstract = {In this study, atrazine has been shown to act as a potent endocrine disruptor in amphibians either alone or in combination with nitrate under stable laboratory conditions, causing altered gonadal development at the sub-lethal concentrations. A control group and three treatments were tested; atrazine, nitrate, atrazine- nitrate treatments with doses of 300 μg/L, 200 mg/L and their combination, respectively. Atrazine exhibited increase the presence of testicular oocytes TOs in most treated specimens; furthermore, the sizes of seminiferous tubules were decreased compared to control group. Conversely no intersex individuals were detected in the nitrate treatment alone. The combined effects of nitrate and atrazine were not additive or synergistic but were similar to the effects of atrazine in raising the percentage of intersex but with increasing the size of testicular oocyte compared to atrazine alone. On the other hand, the control group in the present study did not contain the rudimentary testicular oocytes and showed normal structures. These gonadal abnormalities may reduce reproductive success and could be a major factor behind amphibian declines. Also, these negative impacts may be a bioindicator alarming the ecosystem disrupting caused by the uncontrolled apply of these chemicals in agriculture.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Hermaphroditism induction of Sub-Lethal Dose of Atrazine and Atrazine-Nitrate on the Egyptian Toad, Sclerophrys Regularis
    AU  - Ali Gamal Gadel-Rab
    AU  - Fatma Abdel-Regal Mahmoud
    AU  - Rashad El Sayed Said
    AU  - Samy Abdel-Latif Saber
    AU  - Boshra Abdel-Aziz El Salkh
    AU  - Aml Sayed Said
    Y1  - 2019/01/14
    PY  - 2019
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11
    T2  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JF  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    JO  - International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology
    SP  - 63
    EP  - 72
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2575-1735
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20180303.11
    AB  - In this study, atrazine has been shown to act as a potent endocrine disruptor in amphibians either alone or in combination with nitrate under stable laboratory conditions, causing altered gonadal development at the sub-lethal concentrations. A control group and three treatments were tested; atrazine, nitrate, atrazine- nitrate treatments with doses of 300 μg/L, 200 mg/L and their combination, respectively. Atrazine exhibited increase the presence of testicular oocytes TOs in most treated specimens; furthermore, the sizes of seminiferous tubules were decreased compared to control group. Conversely no intersex individuals were detected in the nitrate treatment alone. The combined effects of nitrate and atrazine were not additive or synergistic but were similar to the effects of atrazine in raising the percentage of intersex but with increasing the size of testicular oocyte compared to atrazine alone. On the other hand, the control group in the present study did not contain the rudimentary testicular oocytes and showed normal structures. These gonadal abnormalities may reduce reproductive success and could be a major factor behind amphibian declines. Also, these negative impacts may be a bioindicator alarming the ecosystem disrupting caused by the uncontrolled apply of these chemicals in agriculture.
    VL  - 3
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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