Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese

Ke Luo

doi:doi:10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13

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Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese

Ke Luo

Published in International Journal of Language and Linguistics (Volume 7, Issue 3)

Received: 2 March 2019 Accepted: 29 April 2019 Published: 31 May 2019

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Abstract

In 1647, the Dutch linguist Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn noted the similarity among certain Asian and European languages and first theorized that they were derived from a primitive common language which he called Scythian (proto-language). For hundreds of years, many scholars have been studying the cognate of the subgroupings of Indo-European languages. This paper with the Swadesh list compares several subgroupings of Indo-European languages and finds out that their cognate correspondence is closer. It is inferred that the Proto-Indo-European was a language with very rich vocabulary and should be contained independently in the subgroupings at the beginning of its dissemination. This paper proposes a revised Swadesh list which can be used to assess language homology degree in high or low, and compares English with Chinese. The result shows that Chinese and English have the same origin.

Published in	International Journal of Language and Linguistics (Volume 7, Issue 3)
DOI	10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13
Page(s)	110-118
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Indo-European Languages, Swadesh List, English, Chinese, Cognate

References

[1]	Swadesh, Morris. (1950). "Salish Internal Relationships." International Journal of American Linguistics, Vol. 16, 157–167.
[2]	Swadesh, Morris. (1952). "Lexicostatistic Dating of Prehistoric Ethnic Contacts." Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, Vol. 96, 452–463.
[3]	Holm, Hans J. (2007). "The New Arboretum of Indo-European 'Trees': Can New Algorithms Reveal the Phylogeny and Even Prehistory of Indo-European?" Journal of Quantitative Linguistics, Vol. 14, 167–214.
[4]	Swadesh, Morris. (1971). The Origin and Diversification of Language. Ed. post mortem by Joel Sherzer. Chicago. Meier-Brügger, Michael (2003), Indo-European Linguistics, New York: de Gruyter, ISBN 3-11-017433-2.
[5]	Luo Meizhen General Dictionary of Hakka Dialect [M] Guangzhou: Sun Yat-sen University Press, 2004.
[6]	Kuiper, Koos (P. N) (2017-07-17). The early Dutch sinologists (1854-1900): training in Holland and China, functions in the Netherlands Indies. p. 573. ISBN 9789004339637.
[7]	Encyclopædia Britanica (en inglés). 2011. Consultado el 27 de enero de 2013.
[8]	Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An introduction. Second edition. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-90-272-8500-3.
[9]	Quiles, Carlos (June 2017). "Indo-European demic diffusion model" (PDF) (2nd ed.). Badajoz: Universidad de Extremadura. Retrieved March 24, 2018.
[10]	Beekes, Robert S. P. (2011). Comparative Indo-European Linguistics: An introduction. Second edition. John Benjamins Publishing. p. 12. ISBN 978-90-272-8500-3.
[11]	Baugh, Albert (1951). A History of the English Language. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul. pp. 60–83, 110–130 (Scandinavian influence).
[12]	Bede (1988). A History of the English Church and People. Sherley-Price, Leo (translator). New York: Penguin Classics. ISBN 978-0-14-044042-3.
[13]	Bailey, Guy; Thomas, Erik (1998), "Some aspects of African-American Vernacular English phonology", in Mufwene, Salikoko; Rickford, John R.; Bailey, Guy; Baugh, John, African-American English: Structure, History, and Use, London: Routledge, pp. 85–109.
[14]	Rough Guide Phrasebook: Mandarin Chinese. Rough Guides. 2011. p. 19. ISBN 978-1-4053-8884-9.
[15]	dictionary https://www.dictionary.com
[16]	https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/Appendix:German_Swadesh_list
[17]	"Carvings may rewrite history of Chinese characters". Xinhua online. 2007-05-18. Retrieved 2007-05-19.; Unknown (2007-05-18). "Chinese writing '8,000 years old'". BBC News. Retrieved 2007-11-17.
[18]	Yan fu. English grammar annotated in Chinese. [M]. Beijing: Business Press, (1933).
[19]	Anderson, Stephen (2012). Languages: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-959059-9.
[20]	Gardiner, Sir Alan H. (1957). Egyptian Grammar: Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, 3rd ed. The Griffith Institute.

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APA Style

Ke Luo. (2019). Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 7(3), 110-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13

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Ke Luo. Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese. Int. J. Lang. Linguist. 2019, 7(3), 110-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13

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AMA Style

Ke Luo. Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese. Int J Lang Linguist. 2019;7(3):110-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13

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@article{10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13,
  author = {Ke Luo},
  title = {Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese},
  journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {110-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.20190703.13},
  abstract = {In 1647, the Dutch linguist Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn noted the similarity among certain Asian and European languages and first theorized that they were derived from a primitive common language which he called Scythian (proto-language). For hundreds of years, many scholars have been studying the cognate of the subgroupings of Indo-European languages. This paper with the Swadesh list compares several subgroupings of Indo-European languages and finds out that their cognate correspondence is closer. It is inferred that the Proto-Indo-European was a language with very rich vocabulary and should be contained independently in the subgroupings at the beginning of its dissemination. This paper proposes a revised Swadesh list which can be used to assess language homology degree in high or low, and compares English with Chinese. The result shows that Chinese and English have the same origin.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese
AU  - Ke Luo
Y1  - 2019/05/31
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13
T2  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JF  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JO  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
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PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0221
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13
AB  - In 1647, the Dutch linguist Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn noted the similarity among certain Asian and European languages and first theorized that they were derived from a primitive common language which he called Scythian (proto-language). For hundreds of years, many scholars have been studying the cognate of the subgroupings of Indo-European languages. This paper with the Swadesh list compares several subgroupings of Indo-European languages and finds out that their cognate correspondence is closer. It is inferred that the Proto-Indo-European was a language with very rich vocabulary and should be contained independently in the subgroupings at the beginning of its dissemination. This paper proposes a revised Swadesh list which can be used to assess language homology degree in high or low, and compares English with Chinese. The result shows that Chinese and English have the same origin.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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Author Information

Ke Luo

Beijing Institute of Spacecraft Environment Engineering, Beijing

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APA Style

Ke Luo. (2019). Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese. International Journal of Language and Linguistics, 7(3), 110-118. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13

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ACS Style

Ke Luo. Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese. Int. J. Lang. Linguist. 2019, 7(3), 110-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13

Copy | Download

AMA Style

Ke Luo. Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese. Int J Lang Linguist. 2019;7(3):110-118. doi: 10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13

Copy | Download

@article{10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13,
  author = {Ke Luo},
  title = {Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese},
  journal = {International Journal of Language and Linguistics},
  volume = {7},
  number = {3},
  pages = {110-118},
  doi = {10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijll.20190703.13},
  abstract = {In 1647, the Dutch linguist Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn noted the similarity among certain Asian and European languages and first theorized that they were derived from a primitive common language which he called Scythian (proto-language). For hundreds of years, many scholars have been studying the cognate of the subgroupings of Indo-European languages. This paper with the Swadesh list compares several subgroupings of Indo-European languages and finds out that their cognate correspondence is closer. It is inferred that the Proto-Indo-European was a language with very rich vocabulary and should be contained independently in the subgroupings at the beginning of its dissemination. This paper proposes a revised Swadesh list which can be used to assess language homology degree in high or low, and compares English with Chinese. The result shows that Chinese and English have the same origin.},
 year = {2019}
}

Copy | Download

TY  - JOUR
T1  - Exploring the Corresponding Words Among the Subgroupings, Revising Swadesh List, Compared with Chinese
AU  - Ke Luo
Y1  - 2019/05/31
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13
DO  - 10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13
T2  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JF  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
JO  - International Journal of Language and Linguistics
SP  - 110
EP  - 118
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2330-0221
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijll.20190703.13
AB  - In 1647, the Dutch linguist Marcus Zuerius van Boxhorn noted the similarity among certain Asian and European languages and first theorized that they were derived from a primitive common language which he called Scythian (proto-language). For hundreds of years, many scholars have been studying the cognate of the subgroupings of Indo-European languages. This paper with the Swadesh list compares several subgroupings of Indo-European languages and finds out that their cognate correspondence is closer. It is inferred that the Proto-Indo-European was a language with very rich vocabulary and should be contained independently in the subgroupings at the beginning of its dissemination. This paper proposes a revised Swadesh list which can be used to assess language homology degree in high or low, and compares English with Chinese. The result shows that Chinese and English have the same origin.
VL  - 7
IS  - 3
ER  -

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