American Journal of Pediatrics

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Correlation Between Frequency of Seizure and Cognitive Development Levels in Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy

Received: 15 July 2020    Accepted: 29 July 2020    Published: 25 August 2020
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Abstract

Epilepsy, if not treated properly, can develop into refractory epilepsy or drug-resistant epilepsy. This type of epilepsy does not respond perfectly to the anti-epileptic drugs given. Drug-resistant epilepsy causes ischemia in neuron cells in the brain. Drug resistant epilepsy can cause impaired cognitive function, especially in children who are in the golden age. Epilepsy prevalence from various studies ranged from 1.5 to 31/1000 population. Epilepsy cases in Indonesia are predicted to range from 0.7 to 1% of the population in Indonesia or range from 1.5 to 2 million people. To determine correlation between the frequency of seizures with the level of cognitive development in children with drug resistant epilepsy. A cross sectional correlation study was carried out in 41 children with drug resistant epilepsy to determine cognitive values in drug resistant epileptic children. The sample was chosen from an affordable population by non-random sampling or consecutive sampling. The research hypothesis is there is a level of cognitive development in children aged 6 to 68 months with drug resistant epilepsy. Calculation of research subjects used the formula for correlative research. Data analysis was performed by Saphiro-Wilk data normality test, correlation analysis used Coefficient Lambda. Results were significant if the value of p<0.05. The results of this study found female subject 26 (63.4%). There were 16 subjects (39%) well nourished. diagnosis age of epilepsy<1 year 15 (37%). Number of seizure periods < 10 times 12 (29%). The number of anti-seizure medication were 2 drugs 27 subject (65%). Abnormal 1 EEG results were 8 subjects (19.5%). The Mullen Scale test results are below average 38 subject (97.2%). Strong correlation of seizure frequency ≥ 10 times was statistically significant to the level of cognitive development in children with epilepsy with r 0.783 with a p value was 0.00. Frequency of seizure 43.3% influenced cognitive development level. Conclusion, the frequency of seizures has a positive strong correlation to the level of cognitive development.

DOI 10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40
Published in American Journal of Pediatrics (Volume 6, Issue 3, September 2020)
Page(s) 353-356
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Seizure Frequency, Drug Resistant Epilepsy, Level of Cognitive Development

References
[1] Thompson PJ, Duncan JS. Cognitive Decline in Severe Intractable Epilepsy. Pubmed. Epilepsia. 2005; 40 (11): 1780-7.
[2] Vingerhoets G. Cognitive effects of seizures. Seizure. 2006; 15: 221-226.
[3] Mullen EM. General Administration and Scoring Procedures in Mullen EM: Mullen Scales of Early Learning AGS edition Manual. American Guidance Service Inc. 1995; 19-31.
[4] Kurniawati. Correlation between cognitive development with epilepsy in children 6-68 months age. Medicina. 2015.
[5] Suwarba IGNM. Insidens and characteristics of epilepsy in pediatric patients. Sari Pediatri. 2011; 13: 123-8.
[6] Y Camfield PR, Camfield CS. Pediatric Epilepsy: an overview. In Swaiman KF, Ashwal S, Ferriero DM, Schor NF. Swaiman’s pediatric neurology principles and practice. 5th edition. USA: Elsevier Saunders. 2005; 706-710.
[7] Hermann B, Seidenberg M. Epilepsy and cognition. Epilepsi Currents. 2007; 7: 1-6.
[8] Kayal A. Molecular Mechanisms of Cognitive and Behavioural Comorbidities of Epilepsy in Children. Epilepsia. 2011; 52 (Suppl. 1): 13-20.
[9] You SJ. Cognitive function of idiopathic childhood epilepsy. Korean J Pediatr. 2012; 55: 159-63.
[10] Aldenkamp AP, Bodde N. Behavior, Cognition and Epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scan. 2005; 11 (1): 19-25.
[11] Berg AT, Loddenkemper T, Bacca CB. Diagnostic delays in children with early-onset epilepsy: impact, reasons, and opportunities to improve care. Epilepsia. 2005; 55: 123-32.
[12] Lodhi, S, Agrawal, N., 2012. Neurocognitive problems in epilepsi. Advances in psychiatric treatment, 18: 232-40.
[13] Vijayaraghavan, L., Natarajan, S., Krishnamoorthy, E. S. 2011. Peri-ictal and Ictal Cognitive Dysfunction in Epilepsi. Behavior Neurology, 24: 27-34.
[14] Berg, A. T., Loddenkemper, T., Bacca, C. B. 2014. Diagnostic delays in children with early-onset epilepsy: impact, reasons, and opportunities to improve care. Epilepsia, 55: 123-32.
[15] Camfield, P. R., Camfield, C. S. 2012. Pediatric Epilepsy: an overview. In Swaiman, K. F., Ashwal, S., Ferriero, D. M., Schor, N. F. Swaiman’s pediatric neurology principles and practice. 5th edition. USA: Elsevier Saunders.: 706-710.
Author Information
  • Department of Child Health, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia

  • Department of Child Health, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia

  • Department of Child Health, Medical Faculty of Udayana University, Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar, Indonesia

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    Ni Luh Sukma Pratiwi Murti, Gusti Ngurah Suwarba, Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani. (2020). Correlation Between Frequency of Seizure and Cognitive Development Levels in Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy. American Journal of Pediatrics, 6(3), 353-356. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40

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    ACS Style

    Ni Luh Sukma Pratiwi Murti; Gusti Ngurah Suwarba; Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani. Correlation Between Frequency of Seizure and Cognitive Development Levels in Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy. Am. J. Pediatr. 2020, 6(3), 353-356. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40

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    AMA Style

    Ni Luh Sukma Pratiwi Murti, Gusti Ngurah Suwarba, Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani. Correlation Between Frequency of Seizure and Cognitive Development Levels in Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy. Am J Pediatr. 2020;6(3):353-356. doi: 10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40,
      author = {Ni Luh Sukma Pratiwi Murti and Gusti Ngurah Suwarba and Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani},
      title = {Correlation Between Frequency of Seizure and Cognitive Development Levels in Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy},
      journal = {American Journal of Pediatrics},
      volume = {6},
      number = {3},
      pages = {353-356},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ajp.20200603.40},
      abstract = {Epilepsy, if not treated properly, can develop into refractory epilepsy or drug-resistant epilepsy. This type of epilepsy does not respond perfectly to the anti-epileptic drugs given. Drug-resistant epilepsy causes ischemia in neuron cells in the brain. Drug resistant epilepsy can cause impaired cognitive function, especially in children who are in the golden age. Epilepsy prevalence from various studies ranged from 1.5 to 31/1000 population. Epilepsy cases in Indonesia are predicted to range from 0.7 to 1% of the population in Indonesia or range from 1.5 to 2 million people. To determine correlation between the frequency of seizures with the level of cognitive development in children with drug resistant epilepsy. A cross sectional correlation study was carried out in 41 children with drug resistant epilepsy to determine cognitive values in drug resistant epileptic children. The sample was chosen from an affordable population by non-random sampling or consecutive sampling. The research hypothesis is there is a level of cognitive development in children aged 6 to 68 months with drug resistant epilepsy. Calculation of research subjects used the formula for correlative research. Data analysis was performed by Saphiro-Wilk data normality test, correlation analysis used Coefficient Lambda. Results were significant if the value of p<0.05. The results of this study found female subject 26 (63.4%). There were 16 subjects (39%) well nourished. diagnosis age of epilepsy<1 year 15 (37%). Number of seizure periods < 10 times 12 (29%). The number of anti-seizure medication were 2 drugs 27 subject (65%). Abnormal 1 EEG results were 8 subjects (19.5%). The Mullen Scale test results are below average 38 subject (97.2%). Strong correlation of seizure frequency ≥ 10 times was statistically significant to the level of cognitive development in children with epilepsy with r 0.783 with a p value was 0.00. Frequency of seizure 43.3% influenced cognitive development level. Conclusion, the frequency of seizures has a positive strong correlation to the level of cognitive development.},
     year = {2020}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Correlation Between Frequency of Seizure and Cognitive Development Levels in Children with Drug Resistant Epilepsy
    AU  - Ni Luh Sukma Pratiwi Murti
    AU  - Gusti Ngurah Suwarba
    AU  - Gusti Ayu Trisna Windiani
    Y1  - 2020/08/25
    PY  - 2020
    N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40
    DO  - 10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40
    T2  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    JF  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    JO  - American Journal of Pediatrics
    SP  - 353
    EP  - 356
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-0909
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajp.20200603.40
    AB  - Epilepsy, if not treated properly, can develop into refractory epilepsy or drug-resistant epilepsy. This type of epilepsy does not respond perfectly to the anti-epileptic drugs given. Drug-resistant epilepsy causes ischemia in neuron cells in the brain. Drug resistant epilepsy can cause impaired cognitive function, especially in children who are in the golden age. Epilepsy prevalence from various studies ranged from 1.5 to 31/1000 population. Epilepsy cases in Indonesia are predicted to range from 0.7 to 1% of the population in Indonesia or range from 1.5 to 2 million people. To determine correlation between the frequency of seizures with the level of cognitive development in children with drug resistant epilepsy. A cross sectional correlation study was carried out in 41 children with drug resistant epilepsy to determine cognitive values in drug resistant epileptic children. The sample was chosen from an affordable population by non-random sampling or consecutive sampling. The research hypothesis is there is a level of cognitive development in children aged 6 to 68 months with drug resistant epilepsy. Calculation of research subjects used the formula for correlative research. Data analysis was performed by Saphiro-Wilk data normality test, correlation analysis used Coefficient Lambda. Results were significant if the value of p<0.05. The results of this study found female subject 26 (63.4%). There were 16 subjects (39%) well nourished. diagnosis age of epilepsy<1 year 15 (37%). Number of seizure periods < 10 times 12 (29%). The number of anti-seizure medication were 2 drugs 27 subject (65%). Abnormal 1 EEG results were 8 subjects (19.5%). The Mullen Scale test results are below average 38 subject (97.2%). Strong correlation of seizure frequency ≥ 10 times was statistically significant to the level of cognitive development in children with epilepsy with r 0.783 with a p value was 0.00. Frequency of seizure 43.3% influenced cognitive development level. Conclusion, the frequency of seizures has a positive strong correlation to the level of cognitive development.
    VL  - 6
    IS  - 3
    ER  - 

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