International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery

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Facial Fractures in the Elderly: Epidemiology and Outcome in 103 Patients

Received: 29 August 2018    Accepted: 19 November 2018    Published: 03 January 2019
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Abstract

Facial fractures are a worldwide health problem as they constitute a potential cause of functional and morphological disabilities and death. In elder patients more than in the younger, facial fractures expose to difficulties of treatment and risks of unfavourable outcome due to limited physiological reserves, osteoporosis, frequent defective dental status and underlying medical conditions. The aim of this study was to analyse facial fractures' frequency, aetiologies, gender distribution and treatment outcome in elder patients at a referral hospital in Burkina Faso. The medical records of patients with facial fractures and who were 60 years of age at least, during a 13 year-period, were retrospectively analysed. All the patients had clinical and radiological evidence of facial fractures. Surgical treatment of the facial fracture was performed by plates and screw system or by a 0.5mm-diameter soft stainless steel wire internal fixation which was always combined with jaws immobilization in patients with occlusal fractures. Out of 2400 facial fractures patients, 103 (4.3%) were 60 years old or over. Patients’ age ranged from 60 to 85 years and fractures' frequency decreased gradually with age. There were 107 males and 27 females (male to female ratio 3.9:1). The leading circumstance of trauma was road traffic crashes (87.3%) followed by far by interpersonal violence (7.8%). Nearly two third of facial fractures involved the midface with at first rank the zygomatic complex (45.7%) while mandibular fractures accounted for 29.1%. In 29 patients (28.1%), extra facial lesions were noted which consisted mostly in cranial trauma and limb fractures. There was a need of surgical treatment in 23 of the 103 patients (22.3%) but 7 patients (6.8%) declined this approach. Out of the 96 patients treated according to indication, 88 (91.6%) had an uneventful and satisfactory treatment outcome. Complications or unsatisfactory outcome comprised operative site infection, facial sensory disturbance, delayed bone union, diplopia, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The findings of this study command enforcement of road traffic security in Burkina Faso.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13
Published in International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery (Volume 4, Issue 2, December 2018)
Page(s) 48-51
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Maxillofacial Trauma, Facial Fracture, Elderly

References
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[2] Al Ahmed HE, Jaber MA, Abu Fanas SH and Karas M. (2004) The pattern of maxillofacial fractures in Sharjah, United Arab Emirates: a review of 230 cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod; 98: 166-170.
[3] Fasola AO, Nyako EA, Obiechina AE and Arotiba JT (2003) Trends in the characteristics of maxillofacial fractures in Nigeria. J Oral Maxillofac Surg; 61: 1140-3.
[4] Atisha DM, Burr TV, Allori AC, Puscas L, Erdmann D and Marcus JR (2016) Facial fractures in the aging population. Plast Reconstr Surg. 137: 587.
[5] WHO | Life expectancy - World Health Organization www.who.int/gho/mortality_burden_disease/life_tables/.../en/Accessed November 8, 2018.
[6] Leach J and Truelson J (1995) Traditional Methods vs Rigid Internal Fixation of Mandible Fractures. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 121(7): 750-753.
[7] Definition of an older or elderly person: Proposed working definition of an older person in Africa for the MDS Project. Available at: http://www.who.int/healthinfo/survey/ageingdefnolder/en/index.html. Accessed July 7, 2018.
[8] Fasola AO1, Obiechina AE andArotiba JT (2003) Incidence and pattern of maxillofacial fractures in the elderly. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 32(2): 206-8.
[9] Royan SJ (2007) A prospective study on elderly patients with facial fractures in a developing country. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2358.00189.x.
[10] Giacomin M, Conto FD, Siqueira PS, Signori PH, João MSE and Renato S (2017) Eldery patient with facial trauma. Rev. Bras. Geriatr. Gerontol. Rio de Janeiro; 20(5): 215-222.
[11] Zelken JA, Khalifian SBA, Mundinger GS, Ha JS, Manson PN and Rodriguez ED (2014) Defining Predictable Patterns of Craniomaxillofacial Injury in the Elderly: Analysis of 1,047 Patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 72: 352-361.
[12] Takakura H, Shimo T, Yoshioka N, Yao M and Obata K (2017) Maxillofacial Fractures in Elderly Patients. Int J Surg Surgical Porced 2: 128. https://doi. org/10.15344/2456-4443/2017/128.
[13] Béogo R, Dakouré PWH, Coulibaly TA and Donkor P (2014) Epidemiology of facial fractures: an analysis of 349 patients. Med Buccale Chir Buccale; 20: 13-16.
[14] Toivari M, Helenius M, Suominen AL, Lindgvist C and Thorén H (2014) Etiology of facial fractures in elderly Finns during 2006-2007. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol. 118(5): 539-45.
[15] Velayutham L, Sivanandarajasingam A, O’meara C and Hyam D (2013) Elderly patients with maxillofacial trauma: the effect of an ageing population on a maxillofacial unit’s workload. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 51(2): 128-32.
[16] Eggensperger N, Smolka K, Scheidegger B, Zimmermann H and Iizuka T (2007) A 3-year survey of assault-related maxillofacial fractures in central Switzerland. J Cranio-MaxillofacSurg. 35: 161-67.
[17] Johansen VA, Wah AK and Weisaeth L (2007) Assaulted victims of non-domestic violence in Norway – injury, crime characteristics and emotions during the assault.doi: 10.1111/j.1471-6712.2007.00550.x.
[18] Arosarena OA, Fritsch TA, Hsueh Y, Aynehchi B and Haug R (2009) Maxillofacial Injuries and Violence Against Women. Arch Facial Plast Surg/ 11(1): 48-52.
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Author Information
  • Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

  • Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

  • Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Université Cadi Ayyad, Marrakech, Morocco

  • Department of Stomatology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso

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    Rasmané Béogo, Toua Antoine Coulibaly, Ibraïma Traoré, Bredel Djeri Djor Mabika, Edwige Zoma. (2019). Facial Fractures in the Elderly: Epidemiology and Outcome in 103 Patients. International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, 4(2), 48-51. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13

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    Rasmané Béogo; Toua Antoine Coulibaly; Ibraïma Traoré; Bredel Djeri Djor Mabika; Edwige Zoma. Facial Fractures in the Elderly: Epidemiology and Outcome in 103 Patients. Int. J. Clin. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 2019, 4(2), 48-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13

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    AMA Style

    Rasmané Béogo, Toua Antoine Coulibaly, Ibraïma Traoré, Bredel Djeri Djor Mabika, Edwige Zoma. Facial Fractures in the Elderly: Epidemiology and Outcome in 103 Patients. Int J Clin Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2019;4(2):48-51. doi: 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13,
      author = {Rasmané Béogo and Toua Antoine Coulibaly and Ibraïma Traoré and Bredel Djeri Djor Mabika and Edwige Zoma},
      title = {Facial Fractures in the Elderly: Epidemiology and Outcome in 103 Patients},
      journal = {International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery},
      volume = {4},
      number = {2},
      pages = {48-51},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijcoms.20180402.13},
      abstract = {Facial fractures are a worldwide health problem as they constitute a potential cause of functional and morphological disabilities and death. In elder patients more than in the younger, facial fractures expose to difficulties of treatment and risks of unfavourable outcome due to limited physiological reserves, osteoporosis, frequent defective dental status and underlying medical conditions. The aim of this study was to analyse facial fractures' frequency, aetiologies, gender distribution and treatment outcome in elder patients at a referral hospital in Burkina Faso. The medical records of patients with facial fractures and who were 60 years of age at least, during a 13 year-period, were retrospectively analysed. All the patients had clinical and radiological evidence of facial fractures. Surgical treatment of the facial fracture was performed by plates and screw system or by a 0.5mm-diameter soft stainless steel wire internal fixation which was always combined with jaws immobilization in patients with occlusal fractures. Out of 2400 facial fractures patients, 103 (4.3%) were 60 years old or over. Patients’ age ranged from 60 to 85 years and fractures' frequency decreased gradually with age. There were 107 males and 27 females (male to female ratio 3.9:1). The leading circumstance of trauma was road traffic crashes (87.3%) followed by far by interpersonal violence (7.8%). Nearly two third of facial fractures involved the midface with at first rank the zygomatic complex (45.7%) while mandibular fractures accounted for 29.1%. In 29 patients (28.1%), extra facial lesions were noted which consisted mostly in cranial trauma and limb fractures. There was a need of surgical treatment in 23 of the 103 patients (22.3%) but 7 patients (6.8%) declined this approach. Out of the 96 patients treated according to indication, 88 (91.6%) had an uneventful and satisfactory treatment outcome. Complications or unsatisfactory outcome comprised operative site infection, facial sensory disturbance, delayed bone union, diplopia, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The findings of this study command enforcement of road traffic security in Burkina Faso.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Facial Fractures in the Elderly: Epidemiology and Outcome in 103 Patients
    AU  - Rasmané Béogo
    AU  - Toua Antoine Coulibaly
    AU  - Ibraïma Traoré
    AU  - Bredel Djeri Djor Mabika
    AU  - Edwige Zoma
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    DO  - 10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13
    T2  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    JF  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    JO  - International Journal of Clinical Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
    SP  - 48
    EP  - 51
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2472-1344
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijcoms.20180402.13
    AB  - Facial fractures are a worldwide health problem as they constitute a potential cause of functional and morphological disabilities and death. In elder patients more than in the younger, facial fractures expose to difficulties of treatment and risks of unfavourable outcome due to limited physiological reserves, osteoporosis, frequent defective dental status and underlying medical conditions. The aim of this study was to analyse facial fractures' frequency, aetiologies, gender distribution and treatment outcome in elder patients at a referral hospital in Burkina Faso. The medical records of patients with facial fractures and who were 60 years of age at least, during a 13 year-period, were retrospectively analysed. All the patients had clinical and radiological evidence of facial fractures. Surgical treatment of the facial fracture was performed by plates and screw system or by a 0.5mm-diameter soft stainless steel wire internal fixation which was always combined with jaws immobilization in patients with occlusal fractures. Out of 2400 facial fractures patients, 103 (4.3%) were 60 years old or over. Patients’ age ranged from 60 to 85 years and fractures' frequency decreased gradually with age. There were 107 males and 27 females (male to female ratio 3.9:1). The leading circumstance of trauma was road traffic crashes (87.3%) followed by far by interpersonal violence (7.8%). Nearly two third of facial fractures involved the midface with at first rank the zygomatic complex (45.7%) while mandibular fractures accounted for 29.1%. In 29 patients (28.1%), extra facial lesions were noted which consisted mostly in cranial trauma and limb fractures. There was a need of surgical treatment in 23 of the 103 patients (22.3%) but 7 patients (6.8%) declined this approach. Out of the 96 patients treated according to indication, 88 (91.6%) had an uneventful and satisfactory treatment outcome. Complications or unsatisfactory outcome comprised operative site infection, facial sensory disturbance, delayed bone union, diplopia, and temporomandibular joint dysfunction. The findings of this study command enforcement of road traffic security in Burkina Faso.
    VL  - 4
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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