Assessment of Periwinkle (<i>Tympanotonus fuscatus</i>) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria

Nwankwo Christiana Chika; Nlemanya Chioma Mercy

doi:doi:10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11

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Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria

Nwankwo Christiana Chika, Nlemanya Chioma Mercy

Published in Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 5, Issue 2)

Received: 25 February 2019 Accepted: 4 April 2019 Published: 26 April 2019

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Abstract

The assessment of periwinkles (Tympanotonus fuscatus) found in crude oil and non-crude oil contaminated area of Rivers State evaluates the physiochemical (Heavy metal, proximate analysis and total petroleum hydrocarbon) and microbial quality of periwinkle samples. The results obtained showed mean Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon values were 0.149999 mg/kg, 0.314500 mg/kg, 0.709996 mg/kg and 0.16398 mg/kg, in Bodo, Cawthorne channel, Okrika and Emohua (control) samples respectively. Heavy metals in contaminated and non–contaminated samples ranged from 10.05-22.00 mg/kg Iron(Fe), 0.25-1.05 mg/kg Zinc (Zn), 0.06-0.23 mg/kg Nickel (Ni), 0.001-0.034 mg/kg Chromium (Cr), 0.003-0.02 mg/kg Cadmium (Cd), 0.0001-0.007 mg/kg Lead (Pb), 2.01-4.02 mg/kg Manganese (Mn) and 1.05-1.97 mg/kg Copper (Cu). The proximate analysis revealed protein, moisture, fiber, ash, lipid and carbohydrate contents of all samples ranged from 23.6-30.2%, 49.0 -60.4%, 2.5-12.3%, 5.0-7.2%, 1.4-3.4% and 2.5% respectively. Total bacterial count, ranged from 5.75x10³-2.37x10⁶ cfu/g in Raw and 2.02x10³-1.49x10⁶ cfu/g in Boiled samples, while the total fungal count ranged from 2.05-3.88x10³ cfu/g and 1.42–2.0x10³ cfu/g in the Raw and Boiled samples respectively.. There was a statistically significant difference in microbial counts between the Raw and Boiled samples from the contaminated sites when compared to the non-contaminated site as p<0.05. The organisms isolated in the study were Bacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, E. coli, Aspergillius sp, Fusarium sp, Saccharomyces sp and Penicillium sp. Periwinkles though, nutritionally valuable had higher microbial load and harbored pathogenic microorganisms which could cause health effect if not properly cooked, the source of periwinkles should be monitored as increase in heavy metal content has toxic effect on health.

Published in	Journal of Health and Environmental Research (Volume 5, Issue 2)
DOI	10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11
Page(s)	32-40
Creative Commons	This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.
Copyright	Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Crude Oil, Tympanotonus fuscatus, Microorganisms, Proximate Analysis

References

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Nwankwo Christiana Chika, Nlemanya Chioma Mercy. (2019). Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 5(2), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11

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ACS Style

Nwankwo Christiana Chika; Nlemanya Chioma Mercy. Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. J. Health Environ. Res. 2019, 5(2), 32-40. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11

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AMA Style

Nwankwo Christiana Chika, Nlemanya Chioma Mercy. Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. J Health Environ Res. 2019;5(2):32-40. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11,
  author = {Nwankwo Christiana Chika and Nlemanya Chioma Mercy},
  title = {Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20190502.11},
  abstract = {The assessment of periwinkles (Tympanotonus fuscatus) found in crude oil and non-crude oil contaminated area of Rivers State evaluates the physiochemical (Heavy metal, proximate analysis and total petroleum hydrocarbon) and microbial quality of periwinkle samples. The results obtained showed mean Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon values were 0.149999 mg/kg, 0.314500 mg/kg, 0.709996 mg/kg and 0.16398 mg/kg, in Bodo, Cawthorne channel, Okrika and Emohua (control) samples respectively. Heavy metals in contaminated and non–contaminated samples ranged from 10.05-22.00 mg/kg Iron(Fe), 0.25-1.05 mg/kg Zinc (Zn), 0.06-0.23 mg/kg Nickel (Ni), 0.001-0.034 mg/kg Chromium (Cr), 0.003-0.02 mg/kg Cadmium (Cd), 0.0001-0.007 mg/kg Lead (Pb), 2.01-4.02 mg/kg Manganese (Mn) and 1.05-1.97 mg/kg Copper (Cu). The proximate analysis revealed protein, moisture, fiber, ash, lipid and carbohydrate contents of all samples ranged from 23.6-30.2%, 49.0 -60.4%, 2.5-12.3%, 5.0-7.2%, 1.4-3.4% and 2.5% respectively. Total bacterial count, ranged from 5.75x103-2.37x106 cfu/g in Raw and 2.02x103-1.49x106 cfu/g in Boiled samples, while the total fungal count ranged from 2.05-3.88x103 cfu/g and 1.42–2.0x103 cfu/g in the Raw and Boiled samples respectively.. There was a statistically significant difference in microbial counts between the Raw and Boiled samples from the contaminated sites when compared to the non-contaminated site as pBacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, E. coli, Aspergillius sp, Fusarium sp, Saccharomyces sp and Penicillium sp. Periwinkles though, nutritionally valuable had higher microbial load and harbored pathogenic microorganisms which could cause health effect if not properly cooked, the source of periwinkles should be monitored as increase in heavy metal content has toxic effect on health.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria
AU  - Nwankwo Christiana Chika
AU  - Nlemanya Chioma Mercy
Y1  - 2019/04/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 32
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11
AB  - The assessment of periwinkles (Tympanotonus fuscatus) found in crude oil and non-crude oil contaminated area of Rivers State evaluates the physiochemical (Heavy metal, proximate analysis and total petroleum hydrocarbon) and microbial quality of periwinkle samples. The results obtained showed mean Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon values were 0.149999 mg/kg, 0.314500 mg/kg, 0.709996 mg/kg and 0.16398 mg/kg, in Bodo, Cawthorne channel, Okrika and Emohua (control) samples respectively. Heavy metals in contaminated and non–contaminated samples ranged from 10.05-22.00 mg/kg Iron(Fe), 0.25-1.05 mg/kg Zinc (Zn), 0.06-0.23 mg/kg Nickel (Ni), 0.001-0.034 mg/kg Chromium (Cr), 0.003-0.02 mg/kg Cadmium (Cd), 0.0001-0.007 mg/kg Lead (Pb), 2.01-4.02 mg/kg Manganese (Mn) and 1.05-1.97 mg/kg Copper (Cu). The proximate analysis revealed protein, moisture, fiber, ash, lipid and carbohydrate contents of all samples ranged from 23.6-30.2%, 49.0 -60.4%, 2.5-12.3%, 5.0-7.2%, 1.4-3.4% and 2.5% respectively. Total bacterial count, ranged from 5.75x103-2.37x106 cfu/g in Raw and 2.02x103-1.49x106 cfu/g in Boiled samples, while the total fungal count ranged from 2.05-3.88x103 cfu/g and 1.42–2.0x103 cfu/g in the Raw and Boiled samples respectively.. There was a statistically significant difference in microbial counts between the Raw and Boiled samples from the contaminated sites when compared to the non-contaminated site as pBacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, E. coli, Aspergillius sp, Fusarium sp, Saccharomyces sp and Penicillium sp. Periwinkles though, nutritionally valuable had higher microbial load and harbored pathogenic microorganisms which could cause health effect if not properly cooked, the source of periwinkles should be monitored as increase in heavy metal content has toxic effect on health.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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Author Information

Nwankwo Christiana Chika

School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
Nlemanya Chioma Mercy

School of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria

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APA Style

Nwankwo Christiana Chika, Nlemanya Chioma Mercy. (2019). Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. Journal of Health and Environmental Research, 5(2), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11

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ACS Style

Nwankwo Christiana Chika; Nlemanya Chioma Mercy. Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. J. Health Environ. Res. 2019, 5(2), 32-40. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11

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AMA Style

Nwankwo Christiana Chika, Nlemanya Chioma Mercy. Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria. J Health Environ Res. 2019;5(2):32-40. doi: 10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11

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@article{10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11,
  author = {Nwankwo Christiana Chika and Nlemanya Chioma Mercy},
  title = {Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria},
  journal = {Journal of Health and Environmental Research},
  volume = {5},
  number = {2},
  pages = {32-40},
  doi = {10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11},
  url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11},
  eprint = {https://article.sciencepublishinggroup.com/pdf/10.11648.j.jher.20190502.11},
  abstract = {The assessment of periwinkles (Tympanotonus fuscatus) found in crude oil and non-crude oil contaminated area of Rivers State evaluates the physiochemical (Heavy metal, proximate analysis and total petroleum hydrocarbon) and microbial quality of periwinkle samples. The results obtained showed mean Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon values were 0.149999 mg/kg, 0.314500 mg/kg, 0.709996 mg/kg and 0.16398 mg/kg, in Bodo, Cawthorne channel, Okrika and Emohua (control) samples respectively. Heavy metals in contaminated and non–contaminated samples ranged from 10.05-22.00 mg/kg Iron(Fe), 0.25-1.05 mg/kg Zinc (Zn), 0.06-0.23 mg/kg Nickel (Ni), 0.001-0.034 mg/kg Chromium (Cr), 0.003-0.02 mg/kg Cadmium (Cd), 0.0001-0.007 mg/kg Lead (Pb), 2.01-4.02 mg/kg Manganese (Mn) and 1.05-1.97 mg/kg Copper (Cu). The proximate analysis revealed protein, moisture, fiber, ash, lipid and carbohydrate contents of all samples ranged from 23.6-30.2%, 49.0 -60.4%, 2.5-12.3%, 5.0-7.2%, 1.4-3.4% and 2.5% respectively. Total bacterial count, ranged from 5.75x103-2.37x106 cfu/g in Raw and 2.02x103-1.49x106 cfu/g in Boiled samples, while the total fungal count ranged from 2.05-3.88x103 cfu/g and 1.42–2.0x103 cfu/g in the Raw and Boiled samples respectively.. There was a statistically significant difference in microbial counts between the Raw and Boiled samples from the contaminated sites when compared to the non-contaminated site as pBacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, E. coli, Aspergillius sp, Fusarium sp, Saccharomyces sp and Penicillium sp. Periwinkles though, nutritionally valuable had higher microbial load and harbored pathogenic microorganisms which could cause health effect if not properly cooked, the source of periwinkles should be monitored as increase in heavy metal content has toxic effect on health.},
 year = {2019}
}

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TY  - JOUR
T1  - Assessment of Periwinkle (Tympanotonus fuscatus) Found in Crude Oil and Non Crude Oil Contaminated Areas of Rivers State, Nigeria
AU  - Nwankwo Christiana Chika
AU  - Nlemanya Chioma Mercy
Y1  - 2019/04/26
PY  - 2019
N1  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11
DO  - 10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11
T2  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JF  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
JO  - Journal of Health and Environmental Research
SP  - 32
EP  - 40
PB  - Science Publishing Group
SN  - 2472-3592
UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.jher.20190502.11
AB  - The assessment of periwinkles (Tympanotonus fuscatus) found in crude oil and non-crude oil contaminated area of Rivers State evaluates the physiochemical (Heavy metal, proximate analysis and total petroleum hydrocarbon) and microbial quality of periwinkle samples. The results obtained showed mean Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon values were 0.149999 mg/kg, 0.314500 mg/kg, 0.709996 mg/kg and 0.16398 mg/kg, in Bodo, Cawthorne channel, Okrika and Emohua (control) samples respectively. Heavy metals in contaminated and non–contaminated samples ranged from 10.05-22.00 mg/kg Iron(Fe), 0.25-1.05 mg/kg Zinc (Zn), 0.06-0.23 mg/kg Nickel (Ni), 0.001-0.034 mg/kg Chromium (Cr), 0.003-0.02 mg/kg Cadmium (Cd), 0.0001-0.007 mg/kg Lead (Pb), 2.01-4.02 mg/kg Manganese (Mn) and 1.05-1.97 mg/kg Copper (Cu). The proximate analysis revealed protein, moisture, fiber, ash, lipid and carbohydrate contents of all samples ranged from 23.6-30.2%, 49.0 -60.4%, 2.5-12.3%, 5.0-7.2%, 1.4-3.4% and 2.5% respectively. Total bacterial count, ranged from 5.75x103-2.37x106 cfu/g in Raw and 2.02x103-1.49x106 cfu/g in Boiled samples, while the total fungal count ranged from 2.05-3.88x103 cfu/g and 1.42–2.0x103 cfu/g in the Raw and Boiled samples respectively.. There was a statistically significant difference in microbial counts between the Raw and Boiled samples from the contaminated sites when compared to the non-contaminated site as pBacillus sp, Pseudomonas sp, Staphylococcus sp, Enterobacter sp, Citrobacter sp, Salmonella sp, Shigella sp, Proteus sp, Micrococcus sp, E. coli, Aspergillius sp, Fusarium sp, Saccharomyces sp and Penicillium sp. Periwinkles though, nutritionally valuable had higher microbial load and harbored pathogenic microorganisms which could cause health effect if not properly cooked, the source of periwinkles should be monitored as increase in heavy metal content has toxic effect on health.
VL  - 5
IS  - 2
ER  -

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