International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences

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Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions

Received: 29 November 2018    Accepted: 01 February 2019    Published: 15 May 2019
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Abstract

The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.

DOI 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
Published in International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences (Volume 5, Issue 2, March 2019)
Page(s) 45-49
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Biofertilizers, Bacteria, Fungi, Wheat, Yield, Mineral Fertilizers and Financial Cost

References
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[2] Sharma, A. K. (2002) Biofertilizers for sustainable agriculture, Agro-Bios. pp300.
[3] Heidaryan, J. and A. Feilinezhad (2015) On the effect of biofertilizers on the yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L) under Eyvan climate conditions. Biological forum – An international Journal 7(1): 581-585.
[4] Salah, E. A. M., K. H. Yassin and S. Abd-AlSalaam (2015) Level, distribution and pollution assessment of heavy metals in urban community garden soils in Baghdad city, Iraq International Journal scientific and engineering Research, 6 (10): 1646-1652c.
[5] Tawfiq L. N. M. and F. F. Ghazi (2017) Heavy metals pollution in soil and its influence in south of Iraq. International Journal of Discrete Mathematics, 2(3): 59-63.
[6] Al-Maiahy, R. S. B. (2012) Phosphatic fertilizers and organic manures content of some heavy metals and their effects on soil and wheat plant pollution (Triticum aestivum L.). M. Sc. Thesis. College of Agriculture, University of Basrah.
[7] Manii, J. K. (2014) Using GIS to study the probability pollution of surface soil in Babylon province, Iraq. Journal of applied Geology and Geophysics (10SR-JAG) 2(1): 14-18.
[8] Abou El-Yazeid, A., H. E. Abou-Aly, M. A. Mady and S. A. M. Moussa (2007) Enhancing growth productivity and quality of squash plants using phosphate dissolving microorganisms (bio phos-phor) combined with boron foliar spray. Res. J. Agric. Biol. Sci., 3(4): 274-286.
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[10] Sharma, P., A. N. Patel, M. K. Saini and S. Deep (2012) Field demonstration of Trichoderma harizianum as plant growth promoter in wheat (Triticum asetivum L) Journal of agricultural science, 4(8): 56-73.
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[14] Castagno, L. N., M. J. Estrella, A. Grassano, and O. A. Ruiz (2008) Biochemical and molecular characterization of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and evaluation of its efficiency promoting the growth of lotus tenuis. Lotus Newsletter, 38 (2): 53-56.
[15] Ahmed, M., A. Hussein, M. F. Zakhtar, M. Zafar-U-Hye, Z. Iqbal, T. Naz, M. M. Iqbal (2017) Effectiveness of multi-strain biofertilizers in combination with organic sources for improving the productivity of Chickpea in drought ecology. Asia Journal Agriculture and biology 5(4): 228—237.
[16] HisniKovasky, L. and E. Kunzova (2014) Effect of mineral and organic fertilizers on yield and Technological parameters of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L) on Illimerized Luvisol. Polish Journal of Agronomy 17: 18-24.
[17] Ali, N. and T. Khandan (2013) Response of wheat to mineral nitrogen fertilizer and biofertilizer (Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp.) inoculation under different levels of weed interference. Ekologija, 59(2): 85-94.
[18] Abed, Y. M., H. A. Abedelrathe and H. A. Hadwan (2016) Effectiveness of biofertilizers produced from Pseudomonas Putida and Pseudomonas flourescens on soil characteristics and wheat yield (Triticum asetivum L) and yield component. Iraqi Agriculture sciences Journal 47: 1412-1404.
[19] Majed, R. E., H. A. Hadwan, H. A. Abed, M. M. Hamza, O. F. Hasan and E. H. Ali (2017) Estimate different bioagent as a biofertilizers with two levels from chemical fertilizers on wheat crop improvement. Iraqi Journal Science 58(4B): 2035-2040.
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Author Information
  • Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

  • Directorate of Agr-Research, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

  • Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

  • Directorate of Plant Protection, Ministry of Agriculture, Baghdad, Irap

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  • APA Style

    Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza. (2019). Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences, 5(2), 45-49. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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    ACS Style

    Hadwan Hamid Ali; Francis Araha Janno; Rafal Esmael Majed; Muntaser Mansor Hamza. Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. Int. J. Appl. Agric. Sci. 2019, 5(2), 45-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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    AMA Style

    Hadwan Hamid Ali, Francis Araha Janno, Rafal Esmael Majed, Muntaser Mansor Hamza. Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions. Int J Appl Agric Sci. 2019;5(2):45-49. doi: 10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13

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  • @article{10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13,
      author = {Hadwan Hamid Ali and Francis Araha Janno and Rafal Esmael Majed and Muntaser Mansor Hamza},
      title = {Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions},
      journal = {International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences},
      volume = {5},
      number = {2},
      pages = {45-49},
      doi = {10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.ijaas.20190502.13},
      abstract = {The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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  • TY  - JOUR
    T1  - Effect of Biofertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum. L) Under Iraqi Conditions
    AU  - Hadwan Hamid Ali
    AU  - Francis Araha Janno
    AU  - Rafal Esmael Majed
    AU  - Muntaser Mansor Hamza
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    JF  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
    JO  - International Journal of Applied Agricultural Sciences
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    EP  - 49
    PB  - Science Publishing Group
    SN  - 2469-7885
    UR  - https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijaas.20190502.13
    AB  - The objective of the study was to evaluate the efficiency of biofertilizers in improving wheat yield, yield components, and nutrients balance in soil. Local and imported biofertilizers were applied in a field experiment at Erbil, Iraq for the season 2016-2017. The experimental design was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four replicates. The experiment consisted of five treatments: T1 = Natrusoil (Commercial Biofertilizer) only, T2 = Natrusoil + 25% Chemical Fertilizers (CF), T3 = Local Biofertilizer B1 + 25%CF, T4 = Local Biofertilizers B2 + 25%CF, and T5 = CF as a Control (Recommended: Urea = 260 kg/ha, DAP = 180 kg/ha). Management practices in soil preparation and crop management followed the common and general procedures. Most test biofertilizers significantly increased yield of wheat grain or yield components. Maximum significant grain yield was obtained from biofertilizers treatments Natrusoil+25%CF (4.659) and B1+25%CF (4.691) as compared with the Control (3.987 kg ha-1). The increase in yield was in the range 17-18%. The application of biofertilizer resulted in a positive effect on nutrients balance in the soil at the end of season regardless of type of biofertilizrs as indicated by the increase in levels of NH4, NO3, P, and K. Among the benefits of using bioferilizers is the reduction in cost. The reduction was 47% in using the imported Natrusoil + 25%CF increased to 72% when using the Natrusoil alone.
    VL  - 5
    IS  - 2
    ER  - 

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