Central African Journal of Public Health

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The Pattern of Severe Malaria in Plateau State of Nigeria: A Five-Year Review of Severe Malaria Case-Based Surveillance Data from 2013 to 2017

Received: 30 December 2018    Accepted: 21 January 2019    Published: 15 February 2019
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Abstract

There is a decline in the global incidence, morbidity, and mortality of malaria. However, approximately 20% of hospital admissions and 10% of hospital deaths in Nigeria have been attributed to malaria. This secondary data analysis was conducted to examine the pattern severe malaria in Plateau State in the face of declining global malaria infection. Severe malaria-specific Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDRS) records of Plateau State of Nigeria over a five-¬year period were reviewed. A total of 38,467 cases of severe malaria were reported between January 2013 and December 2017. The highest number of cases 14098 (36.65%) was reported in 2016 and the least number of cases 950 (2.47%) were reported in 2014. A total of 362 severe malaria deaths was reported within the same period with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.94%. The highest CFR 1.43% was recorded in 2015 while the least CFR 0.00% was recorded in 2014. The 0-28 days age group had the highest CFR (3.13%). The comparative monthly trend of severe malaria cases did not follow any consistent pattern during the 5 years under review. However, as of 2017, the trends of total cases per year and CFRs were on the decline. In conclusion, the overall number of cases and deaths of severe malaria is declining in Plateau State but the CFR among neonates remains high. Therefore, prevention and control efforts should be intensified in Plateau State, in order to achieve malaria elimination in the State.

DOI 10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.18
Published in Central African Journal of Public Health (Volume 5, Issue 1, February 2019)
Page(s) 52-57
Creative Commons

This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, provided the original work is properly cited.

Copyright

Copyright © The Author(s), 2024. Published by Science Publishing Group

Keywords

Nigeria, Malaria, Tropical Medicine

References
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[7] Moncunill G, Mayor A, Jiménez A, Nhabomba A, Puyol L, Manaca MN, et al. Cytokine and Antibody Responses to Plasmodium falciparum in Naïve Individuals during a First Malaria Episode: Effect of Age and Malaria Exposure. PLoS One. 2013; 8 (2).
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[9] Aponte JJ, Menendez C, Schellenberg D, Kahigwa E, Mshinda H, Vountasou P, et al. Age interactions in the development of naturally acquired immunity to Plasmodium falciparum and its clinical presentation. PLoS Med. 2007; 4 (7): 1259–67.
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[15] The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica. Plateau state, Nigeria. [Internet]. 2018 [cited 2018 Dec 6]. Available from: https://www.britannica.com/place/Plateau-state-Nigeria.
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Author Information
  • Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

  • Department of Chemical Pathology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

  • Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria

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    Okokon Ita Ita, Kenneth Ogar Inaku, Anthony Achizie Iwuafor, Ubong Anifiok Udoh. (2019). The Pattern of Severe Malaria in Plateau State of Nigeria: A Five-Year Review of Severe Malaria Case-Based Surveillance Data from 2013 to 2017. Central African Journal of Public Health, 5(1), 52-57. https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.18

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    ACS Style

    Okokon Ita Ita; Kenneth Ogar Inaku; Anthony Achizie Iwuafor; Ubong Anifiok Udoh. The Pattern of Severe Malaria in Plateau State of Nigeria: A Five-Year Review of Severe Malaria Case-Based Surveillance Data from 2013 to 2017. Cent. Afr. J. Public Health 2019, 5(1), 52-57. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.18

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    AMA Style

    Okokon Ita Ita, Kenneth Ogar Inaku, Anthony Achizie Iwuafor, Ubong Anifiok Udoh. The Pattern of Severe Malaria in Plateau State of Nigeria: A Five-Year Review of Severe Malaria Case-Based Surveillance Data from 2013 to 2017. Cent Afr J Public Health. 2019;5(1):52-57. doi: 10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.18

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  • @article{10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.18,
      author = {Okokon Ita Ita and Kenneth Ogar Inaku and Anthony Achizie Iwuafor and Ubong Anifiok Udoh},
      title = {The Pattern of Severe Malaria in Plateau State of Nigeria:  A Five-Year Review of Severe Malaria Case-Based Surveillance Data from 2013 to 2017},
      journal = {Central African Journal of Public Health},
      volume = {5},
      number = {1},
      pages = {52-57},
      doi = {10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.18},
      url = {https://doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20190501.18},
      eprint = {https://download.sciencepg.com/pdf/10.11648.j.cajph.20190501.18},
      abstract = {There is a decline in the global incidence, morbidity, and mortality of malaria. However, approximately 20% of hospital admissions and 10% of hospital deaths in Nigeria have been attributed to malaria. This secondary data analysis was conducted to examine the pattern severe malaria in Plateau State in the face of declining global malaria infection. Severe malaria-specific Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDRS) records of Plateau State of Nigeria over a five-¬year period were reviewed. A total of 38,467 cases of severe malaria were reported between January 2013 and December 2017. The highest number of cases 14098 (36.65%) was reported in 2016 and the least number of cases 950 (2.47%) were reported in 2014. A total of 362 severe malaria deaths was reported within the same period with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.94%. The highest CFR 1.43% was recorded in 2015 while the least CFR 0.00% was recorded in 2014. The 0-28 days age group had the highest CFR (3.13%). The comparative monthly trend of severe malaria cases did not follow any consistent pattern during the 5 years under review. However, as of 2017, the trends of total cases per year and CFRs were on the decline. In conclusion, the overall number of cases and deaths of severe malaria is declining in Plateau State but the CFR among neonates remains high. Therefore, prevention and control efforts should be intensified in Plateau State, in order to achieve malaria elimination in the State.},
     year = {2019}
    }
    

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    T1  - The Pattern of Severe Malaria in Plateau State of Nigeria:  A Five-Year Review of Severe Malaria Case-Based Surveillance Data from 2013 to 2017
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    AB  - There is a decline in the global incidence, morbidity, and mortality of malaria. However, approximately 20% of hospital admissions and 10% of hospital deaths in Nigeria have been attributed to malaria. This secondary data analysis was conducted to examine the pattern severe malaria in Plateau State in the face of declining global malaria infection. Severe malaria-specific Integrated Disease Surveillance and Response (IDRS) records of Plateau State of Nigeria over a five-¬year period were reviewed. A total of 38,467 cases of severe malaria were reported between January 2013 and December 2017. The highest number of cases 14098 (36.65%) was reported in 2016 and the least number of cases 950 (2.47%) were reported in 2014. A total of 362 severe malaria deaths was reported within the same period with a case fatality rate (CFR) of 0.94%. The highest CFR 1.43% was recorded in 2015 while the least CFR 0.00% was recorded in 2014. The 0-28 days age group had the highest CFR (3.13%). The comparative monthly trend of severe malaria cases did not follow any consistent pattern during the 5 years under review. However, as of 2017, the trends of total cases per year and CFRs were on the decline. In conclusion, the overall number of cases and deaths of severe malaria is declining in Plateau State but the CFR among neonates remains high. Therefore, prevention and control efforts should be intensified in Plateau State, in order to achieve malaria elimination in the State.
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